Trane Understanding DDC Controls and Fan Powered Terminal Units for Optimal HVAC Performance
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Components of a VAV System

notes

Pneumatic Control

▲Pneumatic Volume Regulator (PVR) provides pressure-independent control

▲Pneumatic thermostat directly controls terminal- unit fan and heat source

▲Minimum and maximum airflow settings adjusted physically on PVR

▲Compressed air operates modulation device, PVR, and space thermostat

Figure 44

Apneumatically-controlledterminal unit has an airflow-modulation device operated by a pneumatic actuator consisting of an inflatable bladder and a return spring. The return spring positions the damper to a “normal” state (the position it assumes with no pressure applied in the bladder), typically fully open. If the pneumatic pressure increases in the bladder, the return spring compresses and the modulation device begins to close. If pneumatic pressure is allowed to bleed from the bladder, the force of the return spring expanding begins to open the modulation device.

A pneumatic volume regulator (PVR) provides pressure-independent control of the VAV terminal unit. The PVR is connected to the airflow-measurement device and the pneumatic space thermostat. The PVR directs the actuator to position the modulation device to deliver the required airflow to the space. The pneumatic thermostat signal is used to reset this airflow set point, and it directly controls the terminal fan and heat source.

Minimum and maximum airflow settings are physically adjusted on the PVR.

Compressed air is required to operate the modulation device and to power the

PVR and the space thermostat.

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Contents Air Conditioning Clinic VAV Systems One of the Systems Series Publication of The Trane Company Preface VAV SystemsContents TRG-TRC014-EN What Is Variable Air Volume? Constant-Volume Variable-Temperature SystemConstant Volume-Full Load Constant Volume-Part Load Constant × Supply AirflowConstant Volume-Multiple Spaces FineTerminal Reheat System Variable-Air-Volume VAV System VAV-Full LoadVAV-Part Load Why VAV? Energy SavingsReduced fan energy Reduced refrigeration energy Why VAV? Comfort Dedicated terminal units Dedicated thermostatsSystem Comparison VAVVAV Building Characteristics Variable Thermal Load ProfilesIndependent Space Control Common Return Air PathComponents of a VAV System Components of a VAV SystemAir Heating coil Filter Mixing fan VAV Terminal UnitsVAV Terminal Units Single Duct, Cooling Only Primary air irSpace Heating with a VAV System VAV Reheat Primary airFan-Powered Terminal Units SeriesParallel, Fan-Powered Series, Fan-Powered Parallel Versus Series Fan-Powered Single-Duct VAV Systems Dual-Duct Variable Air Volume to the Space Cool Primary airConstant Air Volume to the Space Single-Fan, Dual-Duct VAV SystemTwo-Fan, Dual-Duct VAV System Upstream Pressure Affects Airflow VAV Terminal Unit ControlsVAV Terminal Unit Controls Pressure-Dependent Control Pressure-Independent ControlPrimary Airflow Measurement Terminal-Unit Control TechnologiesPneumatic Control Electronic Control Direct Digital Control DDC Components of a VAV System Diffusers DiffusersLinear Slot Diffuser EffectCeiling-Diffuser Compatibility Components of a VAV System Supply Duct System Supply Duct SystemEqual friction method Duct DesignStatic regain method Duct Design Recommendations System Configurations Perimeter P Versus InteriorPerimeter Spaces Perimeter SpacesBaseboard Perimeter Heating Overhead Supply Perimeter Heating Heat loss 250 Btu/hr/ft Fan-Powered VAV Dual-Duct VAVInterior Spaces Interior Spaces, Reheat RequiredSmall Buildings Changeover/Bypass VAV SystemOccupied mode Unoccupied mode Morning warm-up/cool-down mode System-Level Control ModesOccupied Mode Unoccupied Mode Morning Warm-up/Cool-down Mode Fan Performance Curve Fan ModulationFan Performance Curve System Resistance Curve System Resistance CurveOperating Point Riding the Fan CurveForward-Curved Centrifugal Fan Fan Modulation Curve Fan Modulation CurveFan Control Loop VAV Fan ModulationFan Modulation Methods Discharge DampersStatic pressure Discharge damper SP loss Inlet Vanes Fan-Speed Control 0 r p mVariable-Pitch Blade Control Fan Modulation Comparisons BI fan with Discharge DampersControlling System Static Pressure Fan Outlet Static-Pressure ControlSupply Duct Static-Pressure Control Sensor located Down supply ductOptimized Static-Pressure Control At fan outletPart-Load Comparison Application Considerations Period fiveSystem-Level Ventilation System-Level VentilationVentilation Reset Measures to Prevent Coil Freeze-Up Freeze Protection for CoilsFreeze Protection for Coils Part-Load Space Humidity Control Part-Load Space Humidity ControlPart-Load Supply Air Tempering Direct Pressurization Control Building Pressure ControlBuilding Pressure Control Application Considerations Review Review-Period OneReview-Period Two Review-Period Three Review-Period FourReview-Period Five Trane Air Conditioning ManualReview Quiz Questions for PeriodQuiz TRG-TRC014-EN Answers Glossary Glossary Glossary Trane Company

TRG-TRC014-EN specifications

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