THEORY OF OPERATION

(see applicable Figure 2 or 3)

WARNING: CO2 displaces oxygen. Strict attention must be observed in the prevention of CO2 (carbon dioxide) gas leaks in the entire CO2 and soft drink system. If a CO2 gas leak is suspected, particularly in a small area, immediately ventilate the contaminated area before

attempting to repair the leak. Personnel exposed to high concentration of CO2 gas will experience tremors which are followed rapidly by loss of consciousness and suffocation.

NOTE: The six-flavor (see Figure 3) Unit was set up at the factory to dispense a still (noncarbonated) drink from No. 3 dispensing valve and carbonated drinks from the remaining dispensing valves.

A CO2 cylinder delivers carbon dioxide (CO2) gas through adjustable CO2 regulators to applicable syrup tanks or bag-in-box syrup system syrup pumps and to a built-in carbonator located inside the Unit. Plain water is pumped into the carbonator carbonated water tank by a water pump and is carbonated by regulated CO2 gas pressure also entering the tank. When a dispensing valve is opened, CO2 gas pressure exerted upon the syrup tank or on the bag-in-box system syrup pump, pushes syrup through the Unit syrup cooling coils, and on to the dispensing valve. Carbonated water is pushed by CO2 gas pressure from the carbonated water tank and passes through the Unit carbonated water cooling coils, and on to the dispensing valve.

Syrup and carbonated water meet simultaneously at the dispensing valve resulting in a carbonated drink being dispensed. On the six-flavor Unit, a still (noncarbonated) drink is dispensed from the No. 3 dispensing valve in the same manner as the carbonated drink except plain water is substituted for carbonated water.

The carbonated water tank is replenished when the carbonated water level inside the tank drops, which in turn automatically starts the carbonator water pump. When the carbonated water level inside the tank has been re- plenished, the carbonated water pump will stop.

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Cornelius R-134A service manual Theory of Operation
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R-134A specifications

Cornelius R-134A is a refrigerant commonly used in various cooling and air conditioning applications. It belongs to the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) family and has become a favored alternative to many ozone-depleting substances. Unlike its predecessors, R-12, which has been phased out due to its detrimental effects on the ozone layer, R-134A offers a more environmentally friendly solution, albeit still having global warming potential.

One of the main features of R-134A is its favorable thermodynamic properties. It exhibits a low boiling point of approximately -26.3°C (-15.3°F), making it suitable for various refrigeration applications, including automotive air conditioning, commercial cooling systems, and domestic refrigerators. Its efficiency is regarded as superior, allowing for quick heat absorption and dissipation. This efficiency translates into energy savings, ultimately benefiting both consumers and manufacturers.

R-134A also boasts a relatively high vaporization heat, demonstrating its effectiveness in heat transfer processes. The low toxicity and non-flammability of R-134A further enhance its appeal, as it poses minimal risk during handling and application. This characteristic makes R-134A safer for technicians and users compared to older refrigerants, which presented higher health hazards.

Within modern technologies, R-134A plays a crucial role in both chiller systems and heat pump applications. It is compatible with various lubricants, allowing manufacturers to utilize R-134A in existing systems with minimal modifications. However, it is essential to use the correct type of oil, as mixing different types can lead to system inefficiencies and potential failure.

Despite its advantages, R-134A has a global warming potential of around 1,430 times greater than carbon dioxide, prompting the refrigerant industry to look for alternatives. Newer refrigerants, such as R-1234yf, offer lower environmental impact, driving a shift towards more sustainable options.

In conclusion, Cornelius R-134A remains a widely used refrigerant known for its efficiency, safety, and effectiveness in heat transfer. While it has played a significant role in the refrigeration and air conditioning industries, the ongoing search for eco-friendly alternatives highlights the need for continued innovation and adherence to environmental standards.
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