ELSA Victory Erazor LT, Erazor II Flipping The image generated in the back buffer is displayed

32Glossary

KDPMS – Abbreviation of VESA Display Power Management Signaling. This standard allows an energy-saving operation of monitors in sev- eral steps. The graphics boards described in this manual support VESA DPMS.

KDRAM – Abbreviation of Dynamic Random Access Memory. Volatile memory for read and write operations.

KEDO-RAM – Abbreviation for Extended Data Output Random Access Memory (Hyper Page Mode). EDO-RAM is very common on graphics boards, as the most recently used data persist in memory. A number of read accesses to sim- ilar data occur during the generation of an image, so that use of EDO-RAM gives a signifi- cant speed advantage.

KFCC – FCC compliance means that a device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules, designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful inter- ference in a residential installation.

KFIFO method – (first in, first out) a system used in batch processing and queues in which the first signal to arrive is processed first.

KFill Rate – Is the rate at which pixels are drawn into the screen memory, and expresses the overall performance of the processor. Cur- rent values are around 50-70 Mpixels/s. With increasing demands of resolution, ➞depth complexity and fps, the fill rates will have to increase dramatically.

KFixed-frequency monitor – A monitor that can only be operated at a specific resolution and refresh rate.

KFlat shading – ➞'Shading'.

KFlipping – The image generated in the ➞back buffer is displayed.

KFps – Or frame rate, refers to how many times per second the scene is updated by the render- ing engine. Frame rates beyond 30 fps achieve smoother, more realistic animation.

KFrame buffer – Part of the graphics memory in which the image next to be displayed on the screen is generated. In addition, transparency effects are calculated in the frame buffer.

KFront buffer – is the name for the visible image page in ➞double buffering.

KGeometrical transformation – The position of the object in space is determined from the observer's point of view.

KGouraud shading – ➞ 'Shading'.

K Graphics accelerator – refers to a graphics accelerator board, i.e a board particularly suited for graphics intensive user environ- ments.

KHighColor – designates a 15-bpp or 16-bpp (bits per pixel) graphics mode, i.e. 32,768 or 65,536 colors.

KHorizontal frequency – The horizontal fre- quency (scan frequency) of a monitor in kHz. This value must be set in accordance with the operating limits of the monitor, otherwise the monitor might be damaged in extreme cases.

KHorizontal scan frequency – The horizontal scan frequency of a monitor in kHz. This value must be set in accordance with the operating limits of the monitor, otherwise the monitor might be damaged in extreme cases.

KInterpolation – A video image must be stretched or shrunk in order to fit into the dis- play window. If pixels are simply multiplied (for example, a block of four equally colored pixels represents the original pixel), aliasing effects ("blocks" and "stairs") will occur. This can be avoided by interpolation procedures (using

ELSA ERAZOR II and ELSA VICTORY Erazor LT