Fostex LM16 manual Equalizer, Gain adjustment while monitoring, Low-cut filter, Limiter

Model LM16 [Mixer basics]

<Gain adjustment while monitoring>

To adjust the gain while monitoring an in- put signal, connect headphones to the [PHONES] jack (or connect a powered moni- tor speaker to the [MONITOR OUT] jacks) and rotate the [PHONES] control (or [MONITOR] control) little to the right from the leftmost position. In this condition, perform the fol- lowing.

1)Press the [SOLO] switch on the mixer channel to solo the channel.

2)Input the source sound (from a microphone or line).

3)Rotate the [PHONES] control (or [MONITOR] control) clockwise gradually.

4)Adjust the [TRIM] control to get the optimum gain.

5)After adjusting the gain, press the [SOLO] switch to de-solo the channel.

•Low-cut filter

The low-cut filter is often known as a high- pass filter. It passes high frequencies and elimi- nates low frequencies.

By pressing the [LOW CUT] switch to set to "ON" (), the ultra low frequencies under 80 Hz are eliminated with a -12 dB/octave slope.

The low-cut filter helps prevent wind noise, mic handling noise, etc. It is recommended to enable the low-cut filter when you connect a microphone.

Equalizer

You can tailor the sound using the channel equalizer. For best results, the equalizer should be used to make the sound natural.

MID BOOST

LOW BOOST HIGH BOOST

FLAT

LOW CUT HIGH CUT

MID CUT

<Note>: You can equalize the pre-fader signal which is not affected by the channel fader.

<Memo>: In general, the range of frequency of sound that human beings can hear is about 20 Hz to 20 kHz. The following shows the fre- quency ranges of instruments and vocals.

Hi-hat

Snare drum/Tom tom

Bass drum

Soprano saxophone

Tenor saxophone

Trumpet

Violin

Guitar

Bass

Soprano

Alto

Tenor

VOCAL

Baritone

Bass

Piano

Electronic organ

Synthesizer

10 20

60

100120

250

500

1k

2k

4k

8k 10k15k 20k (Hz)

• Limiter

The limiter can be used to prevent clipping when a too hot signal is input.

The limiter is does not work as far as an input signal is below the threshold level.

When the input signal exceeds the threshold level, it reduces or attenuates the input sig- nal thereby holding the output signal level too high.

The output limiter provided in the master section is effective to prevent damaging the main speakers in live or PA applications.

<Tips for equalizing>

If the mixed sound is not clear, we recom- mend to find the channel which makes the mixed sound unclear and slightly cut the frequency range of the channel. To much boosting may make the mixed sound un- clear.

Listen to the mixed sound repeatedly, com- paring with the original (non-EQ) sound, and challenge to make your favorite sound.

Using of low-cut filter may be effective when you use a microphone.

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