Plexes | HP Veritas Volume Manager 5.0 -UX 11i v3 guide

30Understanding Veritas Volume Manager

How VxVM handles storage management

Figure 1-8

Example of three subdisks assigned to one VM Disk

disk01-01

disk01-02

disk01-03

Subdisks

disk01-01

disk01-02

disk01-03

disk01

VM disk with three subdisks

Any VM disk space that is not part of a subdisk is free space. You can use free space to create new subdisks.

VxVM release 3.0 or higher supports the concept of layered volumes in which subdisks can contain volumes. For more information, see “Layered volumes” on page 51.

Plexes

VxVM uses subdisks to build virtual objects called plexes. A plex consists of one or more subdisks located on one or more physical disks. For example, see the plex vol01-01shown in Figure 1-9.

Figure 1-9

Example of a plex with two subdisks

disk01-01 disk01-02

vol01-01

Plex with two subdisks

disk01-01

disk01-02

Subdisks

Image 29

HP Veritas Volume Manager 5.0 -UX 11i v3 manual Plexes

Contents

Veritas Volume Manager Administrator’s Guide Legal Notices Page Contents VxVM root disk volume restrictions Using vxdiskadd to place a disk under control of VxVMBooting root volumes Setting up a VxVM root disk and mirror 119 Taking a disk offline 118133 136 207 167185 215 Setting default values for vxassist 241Displaying subdisk information 216 217 275 252274 288 Moving volumes from a VM disk 290289 290 356 Chapter Creating and administering volume sets 387 386388 390 441 434 463 Setup tasks after installation 511507 512 521 531 Understanding Veritas Volume Manager Veritas Enterprise Administrator User’s Guide How data is stored VxVM and the operating system Physical objects-physical disks How VxVM handles storage management Disk arrays Operating system Multipathed disk arraysDevice discovery Enclosure-based naming Fibre Channel hub or switch C2t99d0 Provide redundant loop access Virtual objects in VxVM include the following Virtual objectsCombining virtual objects in VxVM Connection between objects in VxVM VM disks Disk groups Subdisks Plexes Volumes How VxVM handles storage management Disk01-01 vol06-01 Implementation of layered volumes Volume layouts in VxVMImplementation of non-layered volumes Following sections describe each layout method Layout methodsConcatenation and spanning 12 Example of concatenation Data Disk01-01 +1 n+2 Example of spanning Data Striping RAID-0 Su1 Su2 Su3 Devname3 Devname2 Striping plus mirroring mirrored-stripe or RAID-0+1 Mirroring RAID-1 Mirroring plus striping striped-mirror, RAID-1+0 or RAID-10 17 Mirrored-stripe volume laid out on six disks Column Mirror Striped plex RAID-5 striping with parity Mirror volumesYou need a full license to use this feature Traditional RAID-5 arrays Data Parity Veritas Volume Manager RAID-5 arrays Left-symmetric layout 22 Veritas Volume Manager RAID-5 array Stripe Understanding Veritas Volume Manager RAID-5 logging Layered volumes Example of a striped-mirror layered volume Understanding Veritas Volume Manager How online relayout works Online relayout Three columns of length 5L/3 Striped volume Limitations of online relayout Transformations and volume length Transformation characteristics Resynchronization process Volume resynchronizationDirty flags Dirty region logs Dirty region logging Sequential DRL Log subdisks and plexes Data volume configuration SmartSync recovery accelerator Redo log volume configuration Volume snapshots Original Use on creation Requires less storage Comparison of snapshot featuresSpace than original Volume FastResync Non-persistent FastResync FastResync enhancements How non-persistent FastResync works with snapshots DCO volume versioningPersistent FastResync Version 20 DCO volume layout Version 0 DCO volume layout How persistent FastResync works with snapshots Where the size of each map in bytes is DCO FastResync Effect of growing a volume on the FastResync map FastResync limitations Hot-relocation Volume sets Volume sets Disk devices Administering disks There are two different methods of naming disk devices Disk device naming in VxVMOperating system-based naming # vxdisk path egrep diskname Private and public disk regions To boot the system.Typically, most disks on a system are Configures disk access records for them automaticallyConfigured as this disk type. However, it is not a suitable Format for boot, root or swap disks, for mirrors or Following command scans for the devices c1t1d0 and c2t2d0 Discovering and configuring newly added disk devicesPartial device discovery Next example discovers fabric devices For more information, see the vxdisk1M manual Discovering disks and dynamically adding disk arraysDisk categories Adding support for a new disk array Third-party driver coexistenceEnabling discovery of new devices Removing support for a disk array Listing details of supported disk arrays Administering the Device Discovery Layer# vxddladm listsupport all # vxddladm listsupport libname=libraryname.sl Listing excluded disk arrays Excluding support for a disk array libraryRe-including support for an excluded disk array library Adding unsupported disk arrays to the Disks category Listing supported disks in the Disks category # vxddladm addjbod vid=SEAGATE pid=ST318404LSUN18G Length=serialnolength policy=ap# vxdmpadm listenclosure all # vxdisk list # vxddladm rmjbod vid=SEAGATE Removing disks from the Disks categoryAdding foreign devices See Migrating between DMP and HP-UX native multipathing on Placing disks under VxVM control Default Mode Format of output from VxVM commandChanging the disk-naming scheme Legacy # vxdmpadm getlungroup dmpnodename=disk25 VxVM vxdmpadm Error V-5-1-10910 Invalid da-name This regenerates the persistent name database Restart the VxVM configuration demonRegenerating persistent device names # vxdmpadm getsubpaths dmpnodename=enclosure-basedname Changing device naming for TPD-controlled enclosures# vxdmpadm setattr enclosure enclosure tpdmode=nativepseudo # vxconfigd -kr reset Persistent simple or nopriv disks in the boot disk group Re-import the disk group using the following command Installing and formatting disksPersistent simple or nopriv disks in non-boot disk groups Adding a disk to VxVM Displaying and changing default disk layout attributesAdd or initialize disks Menu VolumeManager/Disk/AddDisks C3t0d0 c3t1d0 c3t2d0 c3t3d0 Use default disk names for the disks? y,n,q,? default y Continue operation? y,n,q,? default y yExclude disks from hot-relocation use? y,n,q,? default n n Add site tag to disks? y,n,q,? default n Enter the desired format cdsdisk,hpdisk,q,? default cdsdisk Continue with operation? y,n,q,? default y yEnter desired private region length privlen,q,? default Following disks Add or initialize other disks? y,n,q,? default n Using vxdiskadd to place a disk under control of VxVMReinitializing a disk Vxdiskadm then proceeds to add the disks Rootability Root disk mirrors VxVM root disk volume restrictions # /etc/vx/bin/vxcplvmroot -b c0t4d0 Booting root volumesSetting up a VxVM root disk and mirror # /etc/vx/bin/vxcplvmroot -m c1t1d0 -R 30 -v -b c0t4d0 # /etc/vx/bin/vxcplvmroot -R 30 -v -b c0t4d0 Creating an LVM root disk from a VxVM root disk Adding persistent dump volumes to a VxVM rootable system Adding swap volumes to a VxVM rootable systemView the changed swap configuration Display the initial crash dump configuration You can now remove the volume if required Removing a persistent dump volume# crashconf -ds /dev/vx/dsk/bootdg/dumpvol Dynamic LUN expansion 109 Removing disks # vxvol -g diskgroup stop volume1 volume2 Remove another disk? y,n,q,? default n Continue with operation? y,n,q,? default yRemoving a disk with subdisks VxVM Info V-5-2-268 Removal of disk mydg01 is complete Removing a disk from VxVM control # /usr/lib/vxvm/bin/vxdiskunsetup c#t#d#Removing and replacing disks Removing a disk with no subdisks # vxassist move mkting !mydg02 Are you sure you want do this? y,n,q,? default nTo replace a disk Removing and replacing disks Following devices are available as replacements c0t1d0 Replacing a failed or removed disk Following devices are available as replacements Replace another disk? y,n,q,? default n Select a disk device to enable address,list,q,? c0t2d0 Then run the following command on the master nodeEnabling a disk # vxreattach -r accesname Taking a disk offline Enable another device? y,n,q,? default nDisable another device? y,n,q,? default n Reserving disks You would use the following command to rename the diskRenaming a disk VxVM returns a display similar to the following Displaying disk informationSee the vxedit1M manual page for more information Displaying disk information with vxdiskadm List disk information Menu VolumeManager/Disk/ListDiskEnter disk device or all address,all,q,? default all Setting the Pfto values Controlling Powerfail TimeoutTo set the Pfto value on a disk, use the following command Displaying the Pfto values Enabling or disabling Pfto For example, to disable Pfto on the disk c5t0d6 Controlling Powerfail Timeout How DMP works Administering dynamic multipathing DMP How DMP works Enc00 Path failover mechanism How DMP monitors I/O on paths Throttling Load balancing DMP coexistence with HP-UX native multipathing Use the following commands to initiate the migrationMigrating between DMP and HP-UX native multipathing # vxvol -g diskgroup stopall # vxvol -g diskgroup startall Restart all the volumes in each disk group Under the new naming scheme as DMP in a clustered environment Enabling or disabling controllers with shared disk groups Disabling and enabling multipathing for specific devicesDisabling multipathing and making devices invisible to VxVM Enabling multipathing and making devices visible to VxVM 135 Administering dynamic multipathing DMP Displaying the paths to a disk Typical output from the vxdisk list command is as followsDisplaying DMP database information Disabled Log Disabled ConfigDisabled Lockrgn C1t0d3 state=enabled Type=secondary # vxdmpadm getdmpnode nodename=c3t2d1 Administering DMP using vxdmpadmRetrieving information about a DMP node # vxdmpadm getdmpnode enclosure=enc0 Displaying the members of a LUN group# vxdmpadm getlungroup dmpnodename=c11t0d10 # vxdmpadm getsubpaths dmpnodename=c2t66d0 # vxdmpadm listctlr all Displaying information about controllers Displaying information about array ports Following is example output from this commandDisplaying information about enclosures # vxdmpadm gettpdnode nodename=c7t0d10 # vxdmpadm getsubpaths tpdnodename=emcpower10Displaying information about TPD-controlled devices Gathering and displaying I/O statistics Examples of using the vxdmpadm iostat commandTo reset the I/O counters to zero, use this command # vxdmpadm iostat show pathname=c3t115d0 # vxdmpadm iostat start memory=4096# vxdmpadm iostat show dmpnodename=c0t0d0 # vxdmpadm iostat show enclosure=Disk # vxdmpadm setattr path c2t10d0 pathtype=active Setting the attributes of the paths to an enclosure# vxdmpadm setattr path c3t10d0 pathtype=nomanual # vxdmpadm setattr path c1t20d0 pathtype=nopreferred Specifying the I/O policy Displaying the I/O policy Adaptive Following policies may be set# vxdmpadm setattr enclosure enc1 iopolicy=adaptive Adaptiveminq 048 # vxdmpadm setattr enclosure Disk iopolicy=minimumq This is the default I/O policy for Active/Active A/A arrays# vxdmpadm setattr arrayname Sena iopolicy=priority # vxdmpadm setattr arraytype A/A iopolicy=round-robin Example of applying load balancing in a SAN Default setting for this attribute is useallpaths=no# vxdmpadm setattr arrayname Disk iopolicy=singleactive # vxdisk list c3t2d15 # vxdmpadm getattr enclosure ENC0 iopolicy DMP statistics are now reset# dd if=/dev/vx/rdsk/mydg/myvol1 of=/dev/null # vxdmpadm -c-fdisable ctlr=ctlrname # vxdmpadm -c-fdisable path=pathnameDisabling I/O for paths, controllers or array ports # vxdmpadm setattr enclosure ENC0 iopolicy=singleactive # vxdmpadm enable ctlr=ctlrname # vxdmpadm enable path=pathnameEnabling I/O for paths, controllers or array ports Upgrading disk controller firmware Renaming an enclosure Re-enable the plex associated with the deviceStop I/O to all disks through one controller of the HBA For the other controller on the HBA, enter # vxdmpadm setattr \ Configuring the response to I/O failures# vxdmpadm getattr enclosure enc0 recoveryoption # vxdmpadm setattr arraytype A/A recoveryoption=default Configuring the I/O throttling mechanism # vxdmpadm setattr enclosure enc0 recoveryoption=nothrottle HDS9500-ALUA0 Error-Retry Displaying recoveryoption values# vxdmpadm getattr enclosure HDS9500-ALUA0 recoveryoption # vxdmpadm start restore interval=seconds policy=checkall Configuring DMP path restoration policies This produces output such as the following Stopping the DMP path restoration threadDisplaying the status of the DMP path restoration thread Configuring array policy modules Displaying information about the DMP error-handling threadTo add and configure an APM, use the following command One daemon should be shown as running # vxdmpadm -r cfgapm modulename Administering DMP using vxdmpadm Creating and administering disk groups Creating and administering disk groups Block special device corresponding to this volume is Specifying a disk group to commandsSystem-wide reserved disk groups To nodg Displaying the system-wide boot disk group Rules for determining the default disk group# vxdg bootdg See the vxdg1M manual page for more information # vxdg list Displaying disk group information# vxdg list diskgroup # vxdisk -s list devicename Following is example output Creating a disk groupDisplaying free space in a disk group # vxdiskadd c1t0d0 Adding a disk to a disk group# vxdg init mktdg mktdg01=c1t0d0 # vxdg -g diskgroup set cds=onoff # vxdiskunsetup c1t0d0 # vxdiskunsetup devicenameRemoving a disk from a disk group # vxdg -g diskgroup rmdisk diskname Deporting a disk group # vxdisk -s list Importing a disk groupNewdg Select another disk group? y,n,q,? default n Select disk group to import group,list,q,? default listHandling disks with duplicated identifiers VxVM Info V-5-2-374 The import of newdg was successful # vxdisk -f-g diskgroup updateudid disk Option to the vxdg import command, as shown in this# vxdisk updateudid c2t66d0 c2t67d0 Writing a new Udid to a disk # vxdisk -g diskgroup settag tagname disk # vxdg -o useclonedev=on -o updateid import mydg# vxdisk settag mytaggeddisks c2t66d0 c2t67d0 # vxdisk listtag Sample cases of operations on cloned disks Enabling configuration database copies on tagged disks# vxdg -q listmeta diskgroup # vxdg -o useclonedev=on -o tag=mytaggeddisks import mydg # vxdisk -o alldgs list # vxdg -g mydg set tagmeta=on tag=t1 nconfig=all nlog=allImporting cloned disks without tags # /usr/symcli/bin/symmir -g mydg split DEV001 Symmir command is used to split off the BCV deviceTo import only the cloned disks into the mydg disk group Importing cloned disks with tags # vxdg -n newdg -o useclonedev=on -o updateid import mydgState of the cloned disk is now shown as online clonedisk Disks are tagged as follows # vxdisk set EMC08 clone=off # vxdisk -o alldgs list Renaming a disk group This command results in output such as the following # vxdg -tC -n newdg import diskgroup Moving disks between disk groupsDgid 774226267.1025.tweety Moving disk groups between systems # vxrecover -g diskgroup -sb To clear the locks during import, use the following command Handling errors when importing disks# vxdisk clearimport devicename # vxdg -C import diskgroup # vxdg -f import diskgroup Following error message indicates a recoverable errorReserving minor numbers for disk groups # vxprint -g mydg reminor # xvdg init newdg minor=30000 c1d0t0 c1t1d0 # vxdg -g diskgroup set maxdev=4079 Compatibility of disk groups between platforms Example of a serial split brain condition in a cluster Handling conflicting configuration copies 191 Typical arrangement of a 2-node campus cluster Expected a = Expected B = Automatically Imported on host Y # vxsplitlines -g newdg Correcting conflicting configuration information Reorganizing the contents of disk groups Reorganizing the contents of disk groups 197 Disk group join operation Limitations of disk group split and join Listing objects potentially affected by a move Moving DCO volumes between disk groups 201 Split Snapshot Moving objects between disk groups # vxdg -o expand move mydg rootdg mydg01 # vxprint # vxdg -o expand split rootdg mydg rootdg07 rootdg08 Following commands would also achieve the same resultSplitting disk groups # vxdg -o overrideverify join sourcedg targetdg Joining disk groups Disabling a disk group Following command joins disk group mydg to rootdgMydg Mydg05 C1t96d0 Mydg06 C1t98d0 Destroying a disk group Recovering a destroyed disk groupUpgrading a disk group Use the disk group ID to import the disk group Upgrading a disk group Features supported by disk group versions # vxdg list dgname To list the version of a disk group, use this command# vxdg upgrade dgname # vxdg -T 120 init newdg newdg01=c0t3d0 Managing the configuration daemon in VxVM Using vxnotify to monitor configuration changes Backing up and restoring disk group configuration data# vxnotify -f # vxnotify -s Using vxnotify to monitor configuration changes # vxmake -g mydg sd mydg02-01 mydg02,0,8000 Creating subdisks Displaying subdisk information This command provides the following output# vxprint -st # vxprint -g diskgroup -l subdisk # vxsd -g mydg mv mydg03-01 mydg12-01 mydg12-02 Moving subdisksSplitting subdisks # vxmake -g diskgroup plex plex sd=subdisk Joining subdisksAssociating subdisks with plexes # vxsd -g mydg -l 4096b assoc vol10-01 mydg15-01 # vxsd -g mydg assoc home-1 mydg02-01 mydg02-00 mydg02-01# vxsd -g mydg -l 1 assoc vol02-01 mydg11-01 # vxsd -g diskgroup assoc plex subdisk10 ... subdiskMN-1 Associating log subdisks # vxassist -g diskgroup addlog volume disk# vxsd -g diskgroup aslog plex subdisk # vxsd -g mydg aslog vol01-02 mydg02-01 Dissociating subdisks from plexes To remove a subdisk, use the following commandRemoving subdisks Changing subdisk attributes # vxedit -g mydg set putil0=DO-NOT-USE mydg02-01 # vxedit -g mydg set comment=subdisk comment mydg02-01 # vxmake -g mydg plex vol01-02 sd=mydg02-01,mydg02-02 Creating plexes Plex states Creating a striped plexDisplaying plex information Dcosnp plex state Clean plex stateActive plex state Iofail plex state Empty plex stateLOG plex state Offline plex state Stale plex state Snaptmp plex stateTemp plex state Temprm plex state Plex condition flags Enabled plex kernel state Disabled plex kernel stateAttaching and associating plexes Plex kernel states # vxmend -g mydg off vol01-02 vol02-02 Taking plexes offline# vxmend -g diskgroup off plex Reattaching plexes Detaching plexes # vxmend -g diskgroup fix clean plex Start the volume using the following command# vxvol -g diskgroup start volume Moving plexes # vxplex -g diskgroup cp volume newplex Copying volumes to plexesDissociating and removing plexes # vxplex -g diskgroup -o rm dis plex # vxedit -g diskgroup set attribute=value ... plex Changing plex attributes# vxedit -g mydg set comment=plex comment tutil2=u vol01-02 # vxedit -g mydg set putil0=DO-NOT-USE vol01-02 Creating volumes RAID-5 Types of volume layouts Mirror and concatenated-mirror volumes Supported volume logs and maps Advanced approach Creating a volume Assisted approach Using vxassist Vxassist # vxassist options make volume length attributes Following is a sample vxassist defaults file Setting default values for vxassist Disk group alignment constraints on volumes Discovering the maximum size of a volume# vxassist -g diskgroup maxsize layout=layout attributes # vxassist -g dgrp maxsize layout=raid5 nlog=2 # vxassist -b -g diskgroup make volume length Creating a volume on any disk# vxassist -b make voldefault 10g # vxprint -g diskgroup -G -F %align # vxassist -b -g mydg make volspec 5g ctlrc1 !targetc1t5 Creating a volume on specific disks# vxassist -b -g mydg make volspec 5g mydg03 mydg04 Specifying ordered allocation of storage to volumes Mydg01 mydg02 mydg03 mydg04 mydg05 mydg06 mydg07 mydg08 Stripe volume Volume across controllers Creating a mirrored-concatenated volume Creating a mirrored volumeCreating a concatenated-mirror volume # vxassist -b -g mydg make volmir 5g layout=mirror Creating a volume with a version 0 DCO volume For more information, see Upgrading a disk group on # vxdg -T 90 upgrade diskgroup# vxvol -g diskgroup set logtype=drldrlseq volume # vxdg upgrade diskgroup Creating a volume with a version 20 DCO volumeCreating a volume with dirty region logging enabled # vxassist -b -g mydg make volzebra 10g layout=stripe Creating a striped volume# vxassist -b -g diskgroup make volume length layout=stripe Creating a striped-mirror volume Creating a mirrored-stripe volume Mirroring across targets, controllers or enclosures # vxassist -b -g mydg make volraid 10g layout=raid5 nlog=2 Creating a RAID-5 volume # vxassist -g diskgroup list tag=tagname volume Creating tagged volumes# vxassist -g diskgroup listtag volume Creating a volume using vxmake # vxmake -g diskgroup -d descriptionfile Creating a volume using a vxmake description file Mydg04-021/8000,mydg04-031/16000 Initializing and starting a volume# vxassist -b -g diskgroup make volume length layout=mirror # vxvol -g diskgroup init enable volume Initializing and starting a volume created using vxmake# vxvol -g diskgroup init active volume # vxvol -g diskgroup init zero volume Accessing a volume Administering volumes This is example output from this command Displaying volume informationVxprint command can also be applied to a single disk group Active volume state Volume statesClean volume state Empty volume state Invalid volume state Volume kernel statesNeedsync volume state Replay volume state Disabled volume kernel state Detached volume kernel stateEnabled volume kernel state Monitoring and controlling tasks Vxtask operations Managing tasks with vxtask Using the vxtask command Putting a volume in maintenance mode Stopping a volume To start all Disabled volumes, enter Starting a volumeAdding a mirror to a volume Mirroring volumes on a VM disk Mirroring all volumes# /etc/vx/bin/vxmirror -g diskgroup -a # /etc/vx/bin/vxmirror -d yes # vxassist -gdiskgroup remove mirror volume Mirror volumes on another disk? y,n,q,? default nRemoving a mirror At the following prompt, press Return to make the mirror Adding logs and maps to volumes Preparing a volume for DRL and instant snapshots Specifying storage for version 20 DCO plexes # DCONAME=‘vxprint -g diskgroup -F%dconame volume‘ Using a DCO and DCO volume with a RAID-5 volumeDetermining the DCO version number # vxprint -g diskgroup -F%version $DCONAME Determining if DRL logging is active on a volume Determining if DRL is enabled on a volumeThis command returns on if DRL logging is enabled Disabling and re-enabling DRL To re-enable sequential DRL on a volume, enter Upgrading existing volumes to use version 20 DCOsTo re-enable DRL on a volume, enter this command Use the following command on the volume to upgrade it Adding traditional DRL logging to a mirrored volume # vxassist -g mydg addlog volume logtype=drlseq nlog=n To remove a DRL log, use the vxassist command as followsRemoving a traditional DRL log # vxassist -g mydg addlog vol03 logtype=drl # vxassist -b -g diskgroup addlog volume loglen=length Adding a RAID-5 log using vxplexAdding a RAID-5 log # vxassist -g mydg addlog volraid # vxprint -g diskgroup -ht volume Resizing a volume# vxassist -g diskgroup maxgrow volume Removing a RAID-5 log Online JFS Full Base JFS Lite Resizing volumes using vxresizeVxFS Mounted File System Unmounted File System Extending by a given length Resizing volumes using vxassistExtending to a given length Shrinking by a given length Resizing volumes using vxvolShrinking to a given length # vxassist -g diskgroup removetag volume tagname Setting tags on volumes Changing the read policy for mirrored volumes To set the read policy to select, use the following command Removing a volumeMoving volumes from a VM disk Move volumes from another disk? y,n,q,? default n To move volumes from a diskVxVM vxevac Info VxVM Info V-5-2-188 Evacuation of disk mydg02 is complete # vxvol -g diskgroup set fastresync=on volume Enabling FastResync on a volume # vxprint -g diskgroup -F%fastresync volume Checking whether FastResync is enabled on a volume# vxprint -g diskgroup -F%hasdcolog volume Disabling FastResync # vxassist -g mydg relayout vol02 layout=stripe Performing online relayout Permitted relayout transformations Relayout to From raid5 Concat Supported relayout transformations for RAID-5 volumesRelayout to From mirror-concat Concat Mirror-concat Mirror-stripe Relayout to From mirror-stripe Concat Layered striped-mirror volumesSupported relayout transformations for unmirrored stripe Relayout to From stripe or stripe-mirror Concat Specifying a plex for relayout Specifying a non-default layoutTagging a relayout operation # vxassist -g fsgrp relayout vol04 layout=raid5 ncol=4 Controlling the progress of a relayout To resume the operation, use the vxtask commandViewing the status of a relayout # vxrelayout -g mydg -o bg,slow=1000,iosize=10m start vol04 Converting between layered and non-layered volumes# vxrelayout -g mydg -o bg reverse vol04 # vxassist -g mydg relayout vol1 ncol=5 # vxassist -g mydg convert vol1 layout=mirror-stripe Converting between layered and non-layered volumes Administering volume snapshots Administering volume snapshots Traditional third-mirror break-off snapshots Independent Volume Vxassist snapclear Traditional third-mirror break-off snapshots Full-sized instant snapshots 308 Administering volume snapshots Cycle Start Vxsnap make Vxsnap refresh Vxsnap prepare Space-optimized instant snapshots Emulation of third-mirror break-off snapshots Linked break-off snapshot volumes Cascaded snapshots Cascaded snapshots Creating a snapshot of a snapshot Creating a snapshot of a snapshot Create instant snapshot S2 of S1 Vxsnap make source=S1 Vxsnap dis S2 Creating multiple snapshots Restoring the original volume from a snapshot Restoring the original volume from a snapshot Creating instant snapshots Creating instant snapshots Preparing to create instant and break-off snapshots Creating a shared cache object For example to start the cache object, cobjmydg # LEN=‘vxprint -g diskgroup -F%len volume‘# vxcache -g mydg start cobjmydg # RSZ=‘vxprint -g diskgroup -F%regionsz $DCONAME‘ Creating and managing space-optimized instant snapshots Creating instant snapshots # fsck -F vxfs /dev/vx/rdsk/diskgroup/snapshot # vxsnap -g mydg make source=myvol/snapvol=snap1myvol Creating and managing full-sized instant snapshots# vxsnap -g diskgroup syncwait snapvol # vxsnap -g mydg syncwait snap2myvol # vxprint -gdiskgroup -F%incompletesnapvol # vxsnap -g mydg addmir vol1 nmirror=2 alloc=mydg10,mydg11 Creating and managing third-mirror break-off snapshots # vxsnap -g mydg snapwait vol1 nmirror=2 # vxsnap -g diskgroup -b addmir volume mirvol=snapvol \ Creating and managing linked break-off snapshot volumes Mirdg=snapdg Creating multiple instant snapshots Reattach the snapshot volume with the original volume. See# vxsnap -g diskgroup make \ # vxsnap -g diskgroup make source=vol1/snapvol=snapvol1 \ # vxvset -g mydg list snapvset1 Creating instant snapshots of volume sets# vxvset -g mydg list vset1 Svol2 614400 Svol0 204800Svol1 409600 # vxsnap -g mydg rmmir vol1 Adding snapshot mirrors to a volumeRemoving a snapshot mirror Adding a snapshot to a cascaded snapshot hierarchy Removing a linked break-off snapshot volumeRefreshing an instant snapshot # vxsnap -g mydg rmmir vol1 mirvol=prepsnap mirdg=mysnapdg # vxsnap -g mydg reattach snapmyvol source=myvol nmirror=1 Reattaching an instant snapshot # vxsnap -g mydg snapwait myvol nmirror=1 Reattaching a linked break-off snapshot volume # vxsnap -g mydg restore myvol source=snap3myvol Restoring a volume from an instant snapshotDissociating an instant snapshot # vxsnap -g snapdg snapwait myvol mirvol=prepsnap Splitting an instant snapshot hierarchy Removing an instant snapshot# vxsnap -g mydg dis snap2myvol # vxedit -g mydg -r rm snap2myvol # vxsnap -g mydg split snap2myvol Displaying instant snapshot information# vxsnap -g diskgroup print vol # vxsnap -g mydg print # vxsnap -g dg -vx list # vxsnap -g diskgroup -l -v -x list vol Vxsnap -g diskgroup syncresume \ Controlling instant snapshot synchronizationVxsnap -b -g diskgroup syncstart \ Vxsnap -g diskgroup syncstop vol volset # vxcache -g diskgroup listvol cacheobject Listing the snapshots created on a cacheImproving the performance of snapshot synchronization # vxcache -g mydg set highwatermark=60 cobjmydg Tuning the autogrow attributes of a cache Removing a cache Finally, remove the cache object and its cache volumeGrowing and shrinking a cache Creating traditional third-mirror break-off snapshots # vxassist -g diskgroup snapstart voldef # vxassist -b -g diskgroup snapstart nmirror=N volume# vxassist -g diskgroup snapwait volume # vxassist -g diskgroup snapshot nmirror=N volume snapshot Create a snapshot volume using the following command# vxassist -g diskgroup snapshot voldef snapvol # vxedit -g diskgroup -rf rm snapshot Converting a plex into a snapshot plex Creating multiple snapshots Reattaching a snapshot volume# vxplex -g diskgroup convert state=SNAPDONE plex # vxassist -g diskgroup -o allvols snapshot # vxassist -g diskgroup snapback nmirror=number snapshot Adding plexes to a snapshot volume# vxassist -g diskgroup -o allplexes snapback snapshot # vxassist snapclear snapshot Dissociating a snapshot volume# vxprint -g diskgroup -F%rid $DCOVOL # vxassist snapprint volume Output from this command is shown in the following examplesDisplaying snapshot information # vxassist -g mydg snapprint Adding a version 0 DCO and DCO volume Specifying storage for version 0 DCO plexes # vxdco -g mydg dis myvoldco Removing a version 0 DCO and DCO volume# vxdco -g diskgroup -o rm dis dcoobj # vxdco -g mydg att myvol myvoldco Reattaching a version 0 DCO and DCO volumeFor more information, see the vxdco1M manual Adding a version 0 DCO and DCO volume Creating and administering volume sets Adding a volume to a volume set Creating a volume set Stopping and starting volume sets Listing details of volume sets Raw device node access to component volumes Removing a volume from a volume set# vxvset -g diskgroup -f rmvol volset volume # vxvset -g mydg start set1 # vxvset -g mydg list set1 Enabling raw device access when creating a volume set # vxvset -g diskgroup -fset makedev=onoff vset Displaying the raw device access settings for a volume setControlling raw device access for an existing volume set # vxvset -g mydg set makedev=off myvset2 # vxvset -g mydg set compvolaccess=read-write myvset2# vxvset -g mydg set makedev=on myvset2 Raw device node access to component volumes Configuring off-host processing Example implementation of off-host processing Implementing off-host processing solutions # vxprint -g volumedg -F%instant volume Implementing off-host online backup # vxvol -g volumedg set fastresync=on volume # fsck -F vxfs /dev/vx/rdsk/snapvoldg/snapvol # vxdg deport snapvoldg# vxdg import snapvoldg Implementing decision support # vxsnap -g volumedg snapwait volume mirvol=snapvol# vxprint -g volumedg -F%instantvolume 375 # mount -F vxfs /dev/vx/dsk/snapvoldg/snapvol \ mountpoint You can then resume the procedure from on Implementing off-host processing solutions Administering hot-relocation How hot-relocation works 381 Mydg05 Partial disk failure mail messages # vxrecover -b -g mydg home src# vxstat -g mydg -s -ff home-02 src-02 Sd mydg01-04 Sd mydg01-06 Sd mydg02-03 Sd mydg02-04 Failing disks mydg02 Complete disk failure mail messagesHow space is chosen for relocation Configuring a system for hot-relocation Mydg mydg02 C0t2d0 658007 Displaying spare disk information# vxdg -g diskgroup spare # vxedit -g mydg set spare=on mydg01 Mark another disk as a spare? y,n,q,? default nMarking a disk as a hot-relocation spare Removing a disk from use as a hot-relocation spare Where diskname is the disk media nameExcluding a disk from hot-relocation use Following confirmation is displayed # vxedit -g diskgroup set nohotuse=off diskname Making a disk available for hot-relocation useTo use vxdiskadm to exclude a disk from hot-relocation use Moving and unrelocating subdisks Configuring hot-relocation to use only spare disksSpare=only To root Subject Attempting VxVM relocation on host teal Unrelocate to a new disk y,n,q,? default n Moving and unrelocating subdisks using vxdiskadmStatus message is displayed at the end of the operation Enter the original disk name disk,list,q,? # vxassist -g mydg move home !mydg05 mydg02 Moving and unrelocating subdisks using vxassistMoving and unrelocating subdisks using vxunreloc Forcing hot-relocated subdisks to accept different offsets Moving hot-relocated subdisks back to their original diskMoving hot-relocated subdisks back to a different disk # vxprint -g mydg -se sdorigdmname=mydg01 Restarting vxunreloc after errorsExamining which subdisks were hot-relocated from a disk Modifying the behavior of hot-relocation Nohup vxrelocd -o slow=IOdelay root# nohup vxrelocd root Nohup vxrelocd root user1 user2 # nohup /etc/vx/bin/vxrelocd root user1 user2 Alternatively, you can use the following commandSee the vxrelocd1M manual page for more information Administering cluster functionality Overview of cluster volume management 399 Example of a 4-node cluster Two types of disk groups are defined Private and shared disk groups Exclusivewrite ew Activation modes of shared disk groupsReadonly ro Sharedread sr Enableactivation=true Defaultactivationmode=activation-mode Activation mode DescriptionActivation modes for shared disk groups Sharedwrite sw Connectivity policy of shared disk groups Global detach policy Local detach policy Disk group failure policy Guidelines for choosing detach and failure policies Limitations of shared disk groups Effect of disk connectivity on cluster reconfiguration Cluster reconfiguration Cluster initialization and configuration Various reasons that may be given are shown in Table Vxclustadm utility# /etc/vx/bin/vxclustadm nodestate state out of cluster Reason user initiated stop Reason Description Node abort messages Volume reconfiguration Vxconfigd daemon recovery Vxconfigd daemon # hagrp -unfreeze group # hagrp -freeze group Node shutdown Cluster shutdown Multiple host failover configurationsNode abort Failover Import lock Where the reason can describe errors such as Corruption of disk group configuration # vxdctl -c mode Administering VxVM in cluster environmentsRequesting node status and discovering the master node See the vxdctl1M manual page for more information Example output from this command is as follows Example output from this command is displayed hereDetermining if a disk is shareable Listing shared disk groups # vxdg -s init diskgroup diskname=devicename Creating a shared disk group Forcibly importing a disk group Importing disk groups as shared# vxdg -s import diskgroup # vxdg -s -f import diskgroup Converting a disk group from shared to private Setting the disk detach policy on a shared disk group Changing the activation mode on a shared disk groupDefault disk detach policy is global # vxdg -g diskgroup set activation=mode Setting exclusive open access to a volume by a node Creating volumes with exclusive open access by a node# vxdg -g diskgroup set dgfailpolicy=dgdisableleave # vxvol -g dskgrp set exclusive=on volmir This command produces out put similar to the following This command produces output similar to the followingDisplaying the cluster protocol version Displaying the supported cluster protocol version range Obtaining cluster performance statistics Recovering volumes in shared disk groupsUpgrading the cluster protocol version # vxstat -b Vol Vol1 2421 600000 99.0 Administering VxVM in cluster environments Administering Sites and remote mirrors Site-consistent volume with two plexes at each of two sites Example of a two-site configuration with remote storage only To remove the site name from a host, use this command Configuring sites for hosts and disksConfiguring site-based allocation on a disk group Configuring site consistency on a volume Configuring site consistency on a disk group# vxdg -g diskgroup set siteconsistent=on # vxdg -g diskgroup set siteconsistent=off RAID-5 volumes in a site-consistent disk group Setting the siteread policy on a volumeSite-based allocation of storage to volumes # vxassist -g diskgroup make volume size mirror=site Command Description Examples of storage allocation using sites Making an existing disk group site consistent Turn on site consistency for each volume in the disk groupRegister a site record for each site with the disk group Turn on site consistency for the disk group Recovery from simulated site failure Fire drill testing the configurationAutomatic site reattachment Simulating site failure # kill -9 PID Failure scenarios and recovery procedures# ps -afe Recovery from host failure Recovery from a loss of site connectivityRecovery from storage failure Failure scenario Recovery technique Recovery from site failure Failure scenarios and recovery procedures See the vxse1M manual About Storage Expert How Storage Expert works Before using Storage ExpertRunning Storage Expert One of the following keywords must be specified Discovering what a rule does Displaying rule attributes and their default valuesRunning a rule # vxsestripes2 info Rule result types Setting rule attributes Recovery time Identifying configuration problems using Storage Expert Vxseraid5log1 Checking minimum and maximum RAID-5 log sizes vxseraid5log2Checking for non-mirrored RAID-5 logs vxseraid5log3 Checking on disk config size vxsedg3 Checking disk group configuration copies and logs vxsedg2Disk groups Checking the version number of disk groups vxsedg4 Checking for non-imported disk groups vxsedg6 Checking volume redundancy vxseredundancyChecking states of plexes and volumes vxsevolplex Disk striping Checking the number of columns in RAID-5 volumes vxseraid5Volumes needing recovery Hardware failures Disk sparing and relocation managementRootability System name Checking the system name vxsehost Rule definitions and attributes See Running a rule on Rule Description Rule Attribute Default Description Value Vxseraid5 Toonarrowraid5 NsdthresholdToowideraid5 R5maxsize Vxsestripes1 Default stripeunit Vxseredundancy VolumeredundancyVxserootmir Vxsespares Vxsevolplex Rule definitions and attributes Data assignment Performance guidelines Mirroring Striping RAID-5 Combining mirroring and striping Volume read policies Obtaining performance data Setting performance prioritiesPerformance monitoring By vxtrace Tracing volume operationsPrinting volume statistics Using I/O statistics Using performance data # vxprint -g mydg -tvh archive Following is an extract from typical outputMydg03-03 Archive-01 40960 C1t2d0 # vxassist -g mydg move archive !mydg03 destdisk 471 Using I/O tracing Tuning VxVMGeneral tuning guidelines Number of configuration copies for a disk group Tuning guidelines for large systems Changing the values of tunables # vxedit set nconfig=5 bigdg# vxdmpadm settune dmptunable=value # vxdmpadm gettune dmptunable Tunable parameters Dmphealthtime DmppathswitchblksshiftDmploglevel Dmppathage Dmprestoreinterval DmprestorecyclesDmpprobeidlelun Dmpqueuedepth Dmpretrytimeout DmprestorepolicyDmpscsitimeout Dmpretrycount Voldefaultiodelay VolcheckptdefaultDmpstatinterval Volfmrlogsz Volmaxioctl VolmaxvolVolmaxio Volsubdisknum VolmaxparallelioVolmaxspecialio Voldrlmaxdrtregs VolcvmsmartsyncVoldrlmaxseqdirty Voldrlminregionsz Voliomemmaxpoolsz VoliotiobufdefaultVolioterrbufdflt Voliotiobuflimit Volpagemodmaxmemsz VoliotiobufmaxVoliotmaxopen Volraidrsrtransmax Volraidminpoolsz Tuning VxVM If you are using a C shell csh or tcsh, use the commands Commands summary # vxdisk -g mydg list Vxdisk -g diskgroup list disknameVxdg list diskgroup # vxdg list mydg Table A-2 Administering disks Command Description Mydg03 mydg02 # vxedit -g mydg rename \# vxedit -g mydg set \ Reserve=on mydg02 Spare=on mydg04 # vxdiskunsetup c0t3d0Spare=off mydg04 # vxdisk offline c0t1d0 Mydg01=c0t1d0 # vxdg init mydg \# vxsplitlines -g mydg # vxdg -n newdg deport mydg Mydg newdg myvol1 # vxdg -o expand listmove \Newdg myvol1 Newdg myvol2 myvol3 # vxdg destroy mydg # vxrecover -g mydg -sb# vxmake -g mydg sd \ Mydg02-01 mydg02,0,8000 Vol01-01 mydg10-010 \ # vxsd -g mydg assoc \Mydg11-011 mydg12-012 Mydg02-01 # vxmake -g mydg plex \ # vxsd -g mydg -o rm dis \Vol01-02 \ Sd=mydg02-01,mydg02-02 Vol02-02 vol02-03 Vol01-02# vxplex -g mydg mv \ # vxplex -g mydg cp vol02 \ Table A-6 Creating volumes Command DescriptionVol03-01 Vol02-02 Vxassist -b -g diskgroup make \ Volume length layout=striperaid5 \Stripeunit=W ncol=N attributes Mysvol 20g layout=stripe \ Vol r5vol \ # vxmake -g mydg -Uraid5\Plex=raidplex,raidlog1,\ Raidlog2 Table A-7 Administering volumes Command Description # vxsnap -gmydg prepare \ myvol drl=on Drl=onsequentialoff Cvol 1g layout=mirror \ # vxassist -g mydg make \Init=active mydg16 mydg17 Cachevolname=cvol # vxassist -gmydg relayout \ vol2 layout=stripe # vxsnap -g mydg unprepare \ myvolVol3 layout=raid5 \ Stripeunit=16 ncol=4 # vxassist -g mydg remove \ myvol # vxrecover -g mydg \Mytask -b mydg05 # vxtask -h -g mydg list # vxtask -p -g mydg list # vxtask pause mytask# vxtask resume mytask # vxtask abort mytask Online manual pages Administrative commands Table A-9 Manual pages Name Description Vxmend VxrecoverVxmirror Vxnotify Device driver interfaces File formats Setup tasks after installation Configuring Veritas Volume Manager Adding disks to disk groups Adding unsupported disk arrays as JBODsAdding foreign devices Guidelines for configuring storage Mirroring guidelines Striping guidelines Dirty region logging guidelines Hot-relocation guidelines RAID-5 guidelines 517 Controlling VxVM’s view of multipathed devices Configuring cluster supportAccessing volume devices Converting existing VxVM disk groups to shared disk groups Configuring shared disk groups Reconfiguration tasks Glossary Single copy of a configuration database Page See disk enclosure Jbod Page RAID Page Page Page Index CDS Page CVM Page Page DMP Empty Page Page Page Page Iofail 228 Nodarec 228 Nodevice 228 Recover 228 Removed Page Page Page Page Page TPD Page Detached Disabled Enabled Page Page Page Page Page