Volumes | HP Veritas Volume Manager 5.0 -UX 11i v3 manual

Understanding Veritas Volume Manager

How VxVM handles storage management

31

You can organize data on subdisks to form a plex by using the following methods:

■concatenation

■striping (RAID-0)

■mirroring (RAID-1)

■striping with parity (RAID-5)

Concatenation, striping (RAID-0), mirroring (RAID-1) and RAID-5 are described in “Volume layouts in VxVM” on page 34.

Volumes

A volume is a virtual disk device that appears to applications, databases, and file systems like a physical disk device, but does not have the physical limitations of a physical disk device. A volume consists of one or more plexes, each holding a copy of the selected data in the volume. Due to its virtual nature, a volume is not restricted to a particular disk or a specific area of a disk. The configuration of a volume can be changed by using VxVM user interfaces. Configuration changes can be accomplished without causing disruption to applications or file systems that are using the volume. For example, a volume can be mirrored on separate disks or moved to use different disk storage.

Note: VxVM uses the default naming conventions of vol## for volumes and vol##-##for plexes in a volume. For ease of administration, you can choose to select more meaningful names for the volumes that you create.

A volume may be created under the following constraints:

■Its name can contain up to 31 characters.

■It can consist of up to 32 plexes, each of which contains one or more subdisks.

■It must have at least one associated plex that has a complete copy of the data in the volume with at least one associated subdisk.

■All subdisks within a volume must belong to the same disk group.

Image 30

HP Veritas Volume Manager 5.0 -UX 11i v3 manual Volumes

Contents

Veritas Volume Manager Administrator’s Guide Legal Notices Page Contents Booting root volumes Using vxdiskadd to place a disk under control of VxVMVxVM root disk volume restrictions Setting up a VxVM root disk and mirror 133 Taking a disk offline 118119 136 167 185207 Displaying subdisk information 216 Setting default values for vxassist 241215 217 252 274275 289 Moving volumes from a VM disk 290288 290 Chapter Creating and administering volume sets 356 388 386387 390 434 441 507 Setup tasks after installation 511463 512 521 531 Understanding Veritas Volume Manager Veritas Enterprise Administrator User’s Guide VxVM and the operating system How data is stored How VxVM handles storage management Physical objects-physical disks Disk arrays Multipathed disk arrays Device discoveryOperating system Enclosure-based naming Fibre Channel hub or switch Provide redundant loop access C2t99d0 Virtual objects Combining virtual objects in VxVMVirtual objects in VxVM include the following Connection between objects in VxVM Disk groups VM disks Subdisks Plexes Volumes How VxVM handles storage management Disk01-01 vol06-01 Volume layouts in VxVM Implementation of non-layered volumesImplementation of layered volumes Layout methods Concatenation and spanningFollowing sections describe each layout method 12 Example of concatenation Data Disk01-01 Example of spanning Data +1 n+2 Striping RAID-0 Su1 Su2 Su3 Devname3 Devname2 Mirroring RAID-1 Striping plus mirroring mirrored-stripe or RAID-0+1 17 Mirrored-stripe volume laid out on six disks Mirroring plus striping striped-mirror, RAID-1+0 or RAID-10 Column Mirror Striped plex Mirror volumes You need a full license to use this featureRAID-5 striping with parity Data Parity Traditional RAID-5 arrays Veritas Volume Manager RAID-5 arrays 22 Veritas Volume Manager RAID-5 array Stripe Left-symmetric layout Understanding Veritas Volume Manager RAID-5 logging Layered volumes Example of a striped-mirror layered volume Understanding Veritas Volume Manager Online relayout How online relayout works Three columns of length 5L/3 Striped volume Limitations of online relayout Transformation characteristics Transformations and volume length Volume resynchronization Dirty flagsResynchronization process Dirty region logging Dirty region logs Log subdisks and plexes Sequential DRL SmartSync recovery accelerator Data volume configuration Volume snapshots Redo log volume configuration Original Comparison of snapshot features Space than original VolumeUse on creation Requires less storage FastResync FastResync enhancements Non-persistent FastResync DCO volume versioning Persistent FastResyncHow non-persistent FastResync works with snapshots Version 0 DCO volume layout Version 20 DCO volume layout Where the size of each map in bytes is How persistent FastResync works with snapshots DCO FastResync Effect of growing a volume on the FastResync map FastResync limitations Volume sets Hot-relocation Volume sets Administering disks Disk devices Disk device naming in VxVM Operating system-based namingThere are two different methods of naming disk devices # vxdisk path egrep diskname Private and public disk regions Configured as this disk type. However, it is not a suitable Configures disk access records for them automaticallyTo boot the system.Typically, most disks on a system are Format for boot, root or swap disks, for mirrors or Partial device discovery Discovering and configuring newly added disk devicesFollowing command scans for the devices c1t1d0 and c2t2d0 Next example discovers fabric devices Discovering disks and dynamically adding disk arrays Disk categoriesFor more information, see the vxdisk1M manual Enabling discovery of new devices Third-party driver coexistenceAdding support for a new disk array Removing support for a disk array # vxddladm listsupport all Administering the Device Discovery LayerListing details of supported disk arrays # vxddladm listsupport libname=libraryname.sl Excluding support for a disk array library Re-including support for an excluded disk array libraryListing excluded disk arrays Listing supported disks in the Disks category Adding unsupported disk arrays to the Disks category # vxdmpadm listenclosure all Length=serialnolength policy=ap# vxddladm addjbod vid=SEAGATE pid=ST318404LSUN18G # vxdisk list Removing disks from the Disks category Adding foreign devices# vxddladm rmjbod vid=SEAGATE Placing disks under VxVM control See Migrating between DMP and HP-UX native multipathing on Changing the disk-naming scheme Mode Format of output from VxVM commandDefault Legacy VxVM vxdmpadm Error V-5-1-10910 Invalid da-name # vxdmpadm getlungroup dmpnodename=disk25 Restart the VxVM configuration demon Regenerating persistent device namesThis regenerates the persistent name database Changing device naming for TPD-controlled enclosures # vxdmpadm setattr enclosure enclosure tpdmode=nativepseudo# vxdmpadm getsubpaths dmpnodename=enclosure-basedname Persistent simple or nopriv disks in the boot disk group # vxconfigd -kr reset Installing and formatting disks Persistent simple or nopriv disks in non-boot disk groupsRe-import the disk group using the following command Displaying and changing default disk layout attributes Add or initialize disks Menu VolumeManager/Disk/AddDisksAdding a disk to VxVM C3t0d0 c3t1d0 c3t2d0 c3t3d0 Exclude disks from hot-relocation use? y,n,q,? default n n Continue operation? y,n,q,? default y yUse default disk names for the disks? y,n,q,? default y Add site tag to disks? y,n,q,? default n Enter desired private region length privlen,q,? default Continue with operation? y,n,q,? default y yEnter the desired format cdsdisk,hpdisk,q,? default cdsdisk Following disks Reinitializing a disk Using vxdiskadd to place a disk under control of VxVMAdd or initialize other disks? y,n,q,? default n Vxdiskadm then proceeds to add the disks Rootability VxVM root disk volume restrictions Root disk mirrors Booting root volumes Setting up a VxVM root disk and mirror# /etc/vx/bin/vxcplvmroot -b c0t4d0 # /etc/vx/bin/vxcplvmroot -R 30 -v -b c0t4d0 # /etc/vx/bin/vxcplvmroot -m c1t1d0 -R 30 -v -b c0t4d0 Creating an LVM root disk from a VxVM root disk View the changed swap configuration Adding swap volumes to a VxVM rootable systemAdding persistent dump volumes to a VxVM rootable system Display the initial crash dump configuration # crashconf -ds /dev/vx/dsk/bootdg/dumpvol Removing a persistent dump volumeYou can now remove the volume if required Dynamic LUN expansion 109 # vxvol -g diskgroup stop volume1 volume2 Removing disks Removing a disk with subdisks Continue with operation? y,n,q,? default yRemove another disk? y,n,q,? default n VxVM Info V-5-2-268 Removal of disk mydg01 is complete Removing and replacing disks # /usr/lib/vxvm/bin/vxdiskunsetup c#t#d#Removing a disk from VxVM control Removing a disk with no subdisks Are you sure you want do this? y,n,q,? default n To replace a disk# vxassist move mkting !mydg02 Following devices are available as replacements c0t1d0 Removing and replacing disks Following devices are available as replacements Replacing a failed or removed disk Replace another disk? y,n,q,? default n Enabling a disk Then run the following command on the master nodeSelect a disk device to enable address,list,q,? c0t2d0 # vxreattach -r accesname Enable another device? y,n,q,? default n Disable another device? y,n,q,? default nTaking a disk offline You would use the following command to rename the disk Renaming a diskReserving disks Displaying disk information See the vxedit1M manual page for more informationVxVM returns a display similar to the following List disk information Menu VolumeManager/Disk/ListDisk Enter disk device or all address,all,q,? default allDisplaying disk information with vxdiskadm To set the Pfto value on a disk, use the following command Controlling Powerfail TimeoutSetting the Pfto values Displaying the Pfto values For example, to disable Pfto on the disk c5t0d6 Enabling or disabling Pfto Controlling Powerfail Timeout Administering dynamic multipathing DMP How DMP works How DMP works Enc00 How DMP monitors I/O on paths Path failover mechanism Load balancing Throttling Migrating between DMP and HP-UX native multipathing Use the following commands to initiate the migrationDMP coexistence with HP-UX native multipathing # vxvol -g diskgroup stopall Restart all the volumes in each disk group # vxvol -g diskgroup startall DMP in a clustered environment Under the new naming scheme as Disabling and enabling multipathing for specific devices Disabling multipathing and making devices invisible to VxVMEnabling or disabling controllers with shared disk groups Enabling multipathing and making devices visible to VxVM 135 Administering dynamic multipathing DMP Typical output from the vxdisk list command is as follows Displaying DMP database informationDisplaying the paths to a disk Disabled Lockrgn Disabled ConfigDisabled Log C1t0d3 state=enabled Type=secondary Administering DMP using vxdmpadm Retrieving information about a DMP node# vxdmpadm getdmpnode nodename=c3t2d1 # vxdmpadm getlungroup dmpnodename=c11t0d10 Displaying the members of a LUN group# vxdmpadm getdmpnode enclosure=enc0 # vxdmpadm getsubpaths dmpnodename=c2t66d0 Displaying information about controllers # vxdmpadm listctlr all Following is example output from this command Displaying information about enclosuresDisplaying information about array ports # vxdmpadm getsubpaths tpdnodename=emcpower10 Displaying information about TPD-controlled devices# vxdmpadm gettpdnode nodename=c7t0d10 Examples of using the vxdmpadm iostat command To reset the I/O counters to zero, use this commandGathering and displaying I/O statistics # vxdmpadm iostat show dmpnodename=c0t0d0 # vxdmpadm iostat start memory=4096# vxdmpadm iostat show pathname=c3t115d0 # vxdmpadm iostat show enclosure=Disk # vxdmpadm setattr path c3t10d0 pathtype=nomanual Setting the attributes of the paths to an enclosure# vxdmpadm setattr path c2t10d0 pathtype=active # vxdmpadm setattr path c1t20d0 pathtype=nopreferred Displaying the I/O policy Specifying the I/O policy # vxdmpadm setattr enclosure enc1 iopolicy=adaptive Following policies may be setAdaptive Adaptiveminq 048 # vxdmpadm setattr arrayname Sena iopolicy=priority This is the default I/O policy for Active/Active A/A arrays# vxdmpadm setattr enclosure Disk iopolicy=minimumq # vxdmpadm setattr arraytype A/A iopolicy=round-robin # vxdmpadm setattr arrayname Disk iopolicy=singleactive Default setting for this attribute is useallpaths=noExample of applying load balancing in a SAN # vxdisk list c3t2d15 DMP statistics are now reset # dd if=/dev/vx/rdsk/mydg/myvol1 of=/dev/null# vxdmpadm getattr enclosure ENC0 iopolicy Disabling I/O for paths, controllers or array ports # vxdmpadm -c-fdisable path=pathname# vxdmpadm -c-fdisable ctlr=ctlrname # vxdmpadm setattr enclosure ENC0 iopolicy=singleactive Enabling I/O for paths, controllers or array ports # vxdmpadm enable path=pathname# vxdmpadm enable ctlr=ctlrname Upgrading disk controller firmware Stop I/O to all disks through one controller of the HBA Re-enable the plex associated with the deviceRenaming an enclosure For the other controller on the HBA, enter Configuring the response to I/O failures # vxdmpadm getattr enclosure enc0 recoveryoption# vxdmpadm setattr \ Configuring the I/O throttling mechanism # vxdmpadm setattr arraytype A/A recoveryoption=default # vxdmpadm setattr enclosure enc0 recoveryoption=nothrottle Displaying recoveryoption values # vxdmpadm getattr enclosure HDS9500-ALUA0 recoveryoptionHDS9500-ALUA0 Error-Retry Configuring DMP path restoration policies # vxdmpadm start restore interval=seconds policy=checkall Stopping the DMP path restoration thread Displaying the status of the DMP path restoration threadThis produces output such as the following To add and configure an APM, use the following command Displaying information about the DMP error-handling threadConfiguring array policy modules One daemon should be shown as running # vxdmpadm -r cfgapm modulename Administering DMP using vxdmpadm Creating and administering disk groups Creating and administering disk groups System-wide reserved disk groups Specifying a disk group to commandsBlock special device corresponding to this volume is To nodg # vxdg bootdg Rules for determining the default disk groupDisplaying the system-wide boot disk group See the vxdg1M manual page for more information # vxdg list diskgroup Displaying disk group information# vxdg list # vxdisk -s list devicename Creating a disk group Displaying free space in a disk groupFollowing is example output # vxdg init mktdg mktdg01=c1t0d0 Adding a disk to a disk group# vxdiskadd c1t0d0 # vxdg -g diskgroup set cds=onoff Removing a disk from a disk group # vxdiskunsetup devicename# vxdiskunsetup c1t0d0 # vxdg -g diskgroup rmdisk diskname Deporting a disk group Importing a disk group Newdg# vxdisk -s list Handling disks with duplicated identifiers Select disk group to import group,list,q,? default listSelect another disk group? y,n,q,? default n VxVM Info V-5-2-374 The import of newdg was successful # vxdisk updateudid c2t66d0 c2t67d0 Option to the vxdg import command, as shown in this# vxdisk -f-g diskgroup updateudid disk Writing a new Udid to a disk # vxdisk settag mytaggeddisks c2t66d0 c2t67d0 # vxdg -o useclonedev=on -o updateid import mydg# vxdisk -g diskgroup settag tagname disk # vxdisk listtag # vxdg -q listmeta diskgroup Enabling configuration database copies on tagged disksSample cases of operations on cloned disks # vxdg -o useclonedev=on -o tag=mytaggeddisks import mydg # vxdg -g mydg set tagmeta=on tag=t1 nconfig=all nlog=all Importing cloned disks without tags# vxdisk -o alldgs list Symmir command is used to split off the BCV device To import only the cloned disks into the mydg disk group# /usr/symcli/bin/symmir -g mydg split DEV001 State of the cloned disk is now shown as online clonedisk # vxdg -n newdg -o useclonedev=on -o updateid import mydgImporting cloned disks with tags Disks are tagged as follows # vxdisk set EMC08 clone=off # vxdisk -o alldgs list This command results in output such as the following Renaming a disk group Moving disks between disk groups Dgid 774226267.1025.tweety# vxdg -tC -n newdg import diskgroup # vxrecover -g diskgroup -sb Moving disk groups between systems # vxdisk clearimport devicename Handling errors when importing disksTo clear the locks during import, use the following command # vxdg -C import diskgroup Following error message indicates a recoverable error Reserving minor numbers for disk groups# vxdg -f import diskgroup # xvdg init newdg minor=30000 c1d0t0 c1t1d0 # vxprint -g mydg reminor Compatibility of disk groups between platforms # vxdg -g diskgroup set maxdev=4079 Handling conflicting configuration copies Example of a serial split brain condition in a cluster 191 Typical arrangement of a 2-node campus cluster Automatically Expected a = Expected B = Imported on host Y Correcting conflicting configuration information # vxsplitlines -g newdg Reorganizing the contents of disk groups Reorganizing the contents of disk groups 197 Disk group join operation Limitations of disk group split and join Moving DCO volumes between disk groups Listing objects potentially affected by a move 201 Split Snapshot Moving objects between disk groups # vxprint # vxdg -o expand move mydg rootdg mydg01 Following commands would also achieve the same result Splitting disk groups# vxdg -o expand split rootdg mydg rootdg07 rootdg08 Joining disk groups # vxdg -o overrideverify join sourcedg targetdg Mydg Mydg05 C1t96d0 Following command joins disk group mydg to rootdgDisabling a disk group Mydg06 C1t98d0 Upgrading a disk group Recovering a destroyed disk groupDestroying a disk group Use the disk group ID to import the disk group Upgrading a disk group Features supported by disk group versions To list the version of a disk group, use this command # vxdg upgrade dgname# vxdg list dgname Managing the configuration daemon in VxVM # vxdg -T 120 init newdg newdg01=c0t3d0 # vxnotify -f Backing up and restoring disk group configuration dataUsing vxnotify to monitor configuration changes # vxnotify -s Using vxnotify to monitor configuration changes Creating subdisks # vxmake -g mydg sd mydg02-01 mydg02,0,8000 # vxprint -st This command provides the following outputDisplaying subdisk information # vxprint -g diskgroup -l subdisk Moving subdisks Splitting subdisks# vxsd -g mydg mv mydg03-01 mydg12-01 mydg12-02 Joining subdisks Associating subdisks with plexes# vxmake -g diskgroup plex plex sd=subdisk # vxsd -g mydg -l 1 assoc vol02-01 mydg11-01 # vxsd -g mydg assoc home-1 mydg02-01 mydg02-00 mydg02-01# vxsd -g mydg -l 4096b assoc vol10-01 mydg15-01 # vxsd -g diskgroup assoc plex subdisk10 ... subdiskMN-1 # vxsd -g diskgroup aslog plex subdisk # vxassist -g diskgroup addlog volume diskAssociating log subdisks # vxsd -g mydg aslog vol01-02 mydg02-01 Removing subdisks To remove a subdisk, use the following commandDissociating subdisks from plexes Changing subdisk attributes # vxedit -g mydg set comment=subdisk comment mydg02-01 # vxedit -g mydg set putil0=DO-NOT-USE mydg02-01 Creating plexes # vxmake -g mydg plex vol01-02 sd=mydg02-01,mydg02-02 Creating a striped plex Displaying plex informationPlex states Clean plex state Active plex stateDcosnp plex state LOG plex state Empty plex stateIofail plex state Offline plex state Temp plex state Snaptmp plex stateStale plex state Temprm plex state Plex condition flags Attaching and associating plexes Disabled plex kernel stateEnabled plex kernel state Plex kernel states Taking plexes offline # vxmend -g diskgroup off plex# vxmend -g mydg off vol01-02 vol02-02 Detaching plexes Reattaching plexes # vxvol -g diskgroup start volume Start the volume using the following command# vxmend -g diskgroup fix clean plex Moving plexes Dissociating and removing plexes Copying volumes to plexes# vxplex -g diskgroup cp volume newplex # vxplex -g diskgroup -o rm dis plex # vxedit -g mydg set comment=plex comment tutil2=u vol01-02 Changing plex attributes# vxedit -g diskgroup set attribute=value ... plex # vxedit -g mydg set putil0=DO-NOT-USE vol01-02 Creating volumes Types of volume layouts RAID-5 Supported volume logs and maps Mirror and concatenated-mirror volumes Creating a volume Advanced approach Using vxassist Assisted approach # vxassist options make volume length attributes Vxassist Setting default values for vxassist Following is a sample vxassist defaults file # vxassist -g diskgroup maxsize layout=layout attributes Discovering the maximum size of a volumeDisk group alignment constraints on volumes # vxassist -g dgrp maxsize layout=raid5 nlog=2 # vxassist -b make voldefault 10g Creating a volume on any disk# vxassist -b -g diskgroup make volume length # vxprint -g diskgroup -G -F %align Creating a volume on specific disks # vxassist -b -g mydg make volspec 5g mydg03 mydg04# vxassist -b -g mydg make volspec 5g ctlrc1 !targetc1t5 Specifying ordered allocation of storage to volumes Mydg01 mydg02 mydg03 mydg04 mydg05 mydg06 mydg07 mydg08 Stripe volume Volume across controllers Creating a concatenated-mirror volume Creating a mirrored volumeCreating a mirrored-concatenated volume # vxassist -b -g mydg make volmir 5g layout=mirror Creating a volume with a version 0 DCO volume # vxdg -T 90 upgrade diskgroup # vxvol -g diskgroup set logtype=drldrlseq volumeFor more information, see Upgrading a disk group on Creating a volume with a version 20 DCO volume Creating a volume with dirty region logging enabled# vxdg upgrade diskgroup Creating a striped volume # vxassist -b -g diskgroup make volume length layout=stripe# vxassist -b -g mydg make volzebra 10g layout=stripe Creating a mirrored-stripe volume Creating a striped-mirror volume Mirroring across targets, controllers or enclosures Creating a RAID-5 volume # vxassist -b -g mydg make volraid 10g layout=raid5 nlog=2 Creating tagged volumes # vxassist -g diskgroup listtag volume# vxassist -g diskgroup list tag=tagname volume Creating a volume using vxmake Creating a volume using a vxmake description file # vxmake -g diskgroup -d descriptionfile Initializing and starting a volume # vxassist -b -g diskgroup make volume length layout=mirrorMydg04-021/8000,mydg04-031/16000 # vxvol -g diskgroup init active volume Initializing and starting a volume created using vxmake# vxvol -g diskgroup init enable volume # vxvol -g diskgroup init zero volume Accessing a volume Administering volumes Displaying volume information Vxprint command can also be applied to a single disk groupThis is example output from this command Clean volume state Volume statesActive volume state Empty volume state Needsync volume state Volume kernel statesInvalid volume state Replay volume state Enabled volume kernel state Detached volume kernel stateDisabled volume kernel state Monitoring and controlling tasks Managing tasks with vxtask Vxtask operations Using the vxtask command Stopping a volume Putting a volume in maintenance mode Starting a volume Adding a mirror to a volumeTo start all Disabled volumes, enter # /etc/vx/bin/vxmirror -g diskgroup -a Mirroring all volumesMirroring volumes on a VM disk # /etc/vx/bin/vxmirror -d yes Removing a mirror Mirror volumes on another disk? y,n,q,? default n# vxassist -gdiskgroup remove mirror volume At the following prompt, press Return to make the mirror Adding logs and maps to volumes Preparing a volume for DRL and instant snapshots Specifying storage for version 20 DCO plexes Determining the DCO version number Using a DCO and DCO volume with a RAID-5 volume# DCONAME=‘vxprint -g diskgroup -F%dconame volume‘ # vxprint -g diskgroup -F%version $DCONAME This command returns on if DRL logging is enabled Determining if DRL is enabled on a volumeDetermining if DRL logging is active on a volume Disabling and re-enabling DRL Upgrading existing volumes to use version 20 DCOs To re-enable DRL on a volume, enter this commandTo re-enable sequential DRL on a volume, enter Use the following command on the volume to upgrade it Adding traditional DRL logging to a mirrored volume Removing a traditional DRL log To remove a DRL log, use the vxassist command as follows# vxassist -g mydg addlog volume logtype=drlseq nlog=n # vxassist -g mydg addlog vol03 logtype=drl Adding a RAID-5 log Adding a RAID-5 log using vxplex# vxassist -b -g diskgroup addlog volume loglen=length # vxassist -g mydg addlog volraid # vxassist -g diskgroup maxgrow volume Resizing a volume# vxprint -g diskgroup -ht volume Removing a RAID-5 log VxFS Mounted File System Resizing volumes using vxresizeOnline JFS Full Base JFS Lite Unmounted File System Resizing volumes using vxassist Extending to a given lengthExtending by a given length Resizing volumes using vxvol Shrinking to a given lengthShrinking by a given length Setting tags on volumes # vxassist -g diskgroup removetag volume tagname Changing the read policy for mirrored volumes Removing a volume Moving volumes from a VM diskTo set the read policy to select, use the following command VxVM vxevac Info To move volumes from a diskMove volumes from another disk? y,n,q,? default n VxVM Info V-5-2-188 Evacuation of disk mydg02 is complete Enabling FastResync on a volume # vxvol -g diskgroup set fastresync=on volume # vxprint -g diskgroup -F%hasdcolog volume Checking whether FastResync is enabled on a volume# vxprint -g diskgroup -F%fastresync volume Disabling FastResync Performing online relayout # vxassist -g mydg relayout vol02 layout=stripe Permitted relayout transformations Relayout to From mirror-concat Concat Supported relayout transformations for RAID-5 volumesRelayout to From raid5 Concat Mirror-concat Mirror-stripe Supported relayout transformations for unmirrored stripe Layered striped-mirror volumesRelayout to From mirror-stripe Concat Relayout to From stripe or stripe-mirror Concat Tagging a relayout operation Specifying a non-default layoutSpecifying a plex for relayout # vxassist -g fsgrp relayout vol04 layout=raid5 ncol=4 To resume the operation, use the vxtask command Viewing the status of a relayoutControlling the progress of a relayout # vxrelayout -g mydg -o bg reverse vol04 Converting between layered and non-layered volumes# vxrelayout -g mydg -o bg,slow=1000,iosize=10m start vol04 # vxassist -g mydg relayout vol1 ncol=5 # vxassist -g mydg convert vol1 layout=mirror-stripe Converting between layered and non-layered volumes Administering volume snapshots Administering volume snapshots Independent Volume Vxassist snapclear Traditional third-mirror break-off snapshots Traditional third-mirror break-off snapshots Full-sized instant snapshots 308 Administering volume snapshots Space-optimized instant snapshots Cycle Start Vxsnap make Vxsnap refresh Vxsnap prepare Emulation of third-mirror break-off snapshots Linked break-off snapshot volumes Cascaded snapshots Cascaded snapshots Creating a snapshot of a snapshot Creating a snapshot of a snapshot Create instant snapshot S2 of S1 Vxsnap make source=S1 Vxsnap dis S2 Restoring the original volume from a snapshot Creating multiple snapshots Restoring the original volume from a snapshot Creating instant snapshots Creating instant snapshots Preparing to create instant and break-off snapshots Creating a shared cache object # vxcache -g mydg start cobjmydg # LEN=‘vxprint -g diskgroup -F%len volume‘For example to start the cache object, cobjmydg # RSZ=‘vxprint -g diskgroup -F%regionsz $DCONAME‘ Creating and managing space-optimized instant snapshots Creating instant snapshots # fsck -F vxfs /dev/vx/rdsk/diskgroup/snapshot # vxsnap -g diskgroup syncwait snapvol Creating and managing full-sized instant snapshots# vxsnap -g mydg make source=myvol/snapvol=snap1myvol # vxsnap -g mydg syncwait snap2myvol # vxprint -gdiskgroup -F%incompletesnapvol Creating and managing third-mirror break-off snapshots # vxsnap -g mydg addmir vol1 nmirror=2 alloc=mydg10,mydg11 # vxsnap -g mydg snapwait vol1 nmirror=2 Creating and managing linked break-off snapshot volumes # vxsnap -g diskgroup -b addmir volume mirvol=snapvol \ Mirdg=snapdg # vxsnap -g diskgroup make \ Reattach the snapshot volume with the original volume. SeeCreating multiple instant snapshots # vxsnap -g diskgroup make source=vol1/snapvol=snapvol1 \ Creating instant snapshots of volume sets # vxvset -g mydg list vset1# vxvset -g mydg list snapvset1 Svol0 204800 Svol1 409600Svol2 614400 Adding snapshot mirrors to a volume Removing a snapshot mirror# vxsnap -g mydg rmmir vol1 Refreshing an instant snapshot Removing a linked break-off snapshot volumeAdding a snapshot to a cascaded snapshot hierarchy # vxsnap -g mydg rmmir vol1 mirvol=prepsnap mirdg=mysnapdg Reattaching an instant snapshot # vxsnap -g mydg reattach snapmyvol source=myvol nmirror=1 Reattaching a linked break-off snapshot volume # vxsnap -g mydg snapwait myvol nmirror=1 Dissociating an instant snapshot Restoring a volume from an instant snapshot# vxsnap -g mydg restore myvol source=snap3myvol # vxsnap -g snapdg snapwait myvol mirvol=prepsnap # vxsnap -g mydg dis snap2myvol Removing an instant snapshotSplitting an instant snapshot hierarchy # vxedit -g mydg -r rm snap2myvol # vxsnap -g diskgroup print vol Displaying instant snapshot information# vxsnap -g mydg split snap2myvol # vxsnap -g mydg print # vxsnap -g diskgroup -l -v -x list vol # vxsnap -g dg -vx list Vxsnap -b -g diskgroup syncstart \ Controlling instant snapshot synchronizationVxsnap -g diskgroup syncresume \ Vxsnap -g diskgroup syncstop vol volset Listing the snapshots created on a cache Improving the performance of snapshot synchronization# vxcache -g diskgroup listvol cacheobject Tuning the autogrow attributes of a cache # vxcache -g mydg set highwatermark=60 cobjmydg Finally, remove the cache object and its cache volume Growing and shrinking a cacheRemoving a cache Creating traditional third-mirror break-off snapshots # vxassist -b -g diskgroup snapstart nmirror=N volume # vxassist -g diskgroup snapwait volume# vxassist -g diskgroup snapstart voldef # vxassist -g diskgroup snapshot voldef snapvol Create a snapshot volume using the following command# vxassist -g diskgroup snapshot nmirror=N volume snapshot # vxedit -g diskgroup -rf rm snapshot Converting a plex into a snapshot plex # vxplex -g diskgroup convert state=SNAPDONE plex Reattaching a snapshot volumeCreating multiple snapshots # vxassist -g diskgroup -o allvols snapshot Adding plexes to a snapshot volume # vxassist -g diskgroup -o allplexes snapback snapshot# vxassist -g diskgroup snapback nmirror=number snapshot Dissociating a snapshot volume # vxprint -g diskgroup -F%rid $DCOVOL# vxassist snapclear snapshot Displaying snapshot information Output from this command is shown in the following examples# vxassist snapprint volume # vxassist -g mydg snapprint Adding a version 0 DCO and DCO volume Specifying storage for version 0 DCO plexes Removing a version 0 DCO and DCO volume # vxdco -g diskgroup -o rm dis dcoobj# vxdco -g mydg dis myvoldco Reattaching a version 0 DCO and DCO volume For more information, see the vxdco1M manual# vxdco -g mydg att myvol myvoldco Adding a version 0 DCO and DCO volume Creating and administering volume sets Creating a volume set Adding a volume to a volume set Listing details of volume sets Stopping and starting volume sets # vxvset -g diskgroup -f rmvol volset volume Removing a volume from a volume setRaw device node access to component volumes # vxvset -g mydg start set1 # vxvset -g mydg list set1 Enabling raw device access when creating a volume set Displaying the raw device access settings for a volume set Controlling raw device access for an existing volume set# vxvset -g diskgroup -fset makedev=onoff vset # vxvset -g mydg set compvolaccess=read-write myvset2 # vxvset -g mydg set makedev=on myvset2# vxvset -g mydg set makedev=off myvset2 Raw device node access to component volumes Configuring off-host processing Implementing off-host processing solutions Example implementation of off-host processing Implementing off-host online backup # vxprint -g volumedg -F%instant volume # vxvol -g volumedg set fastresync=on volume # vxdg deport snapvoldg # vxdg import snapvoldg# fsck -F vxfs /dev/vx/rdsk/snapvoldg/snapvol # vxsnap -g volumedg snapwait volume mirvol=snapvol # vxprint -g volumedg -F%instantvolumeImplementing decision support 375 # mount -F vxfs /dev/vx/dsk/snapvoldg/snapvol \ mountpoint You can then resume the procedure from on Implementing off-host processing solutions Administering hot-relocation How hot-relocation works 381 Mydg05 # vxstat -g mydg -s -ff home-02 src-02 # vxrecover -b -g mydg home srcPartial disk failure mail messages Sd mydg01-04 Sd mydg01-06 Sd mydg02-03 Sd mydg02-04 Complete disk failure mail messages How space is chosen for relocationFailing disks mydg02 Configuring a system for hot-relocation Displaying spare disk information # vxdg -g diskgroup spareMydg mydg02 C0t2d0 658007 Mark another disk as a spare? y,n,q,? default n Marking a disk as a hot-relocation spare# vxedit -g mydg set spare=on mydg01 Excluding a disk from hot-relocation use Where diskname is the disk media nameRemoving a disk from use as a hot-relocation spare Following confirmation is displayed Making a disk available for hot-relocation use To use vxdiskadm to exclude a disk from hot-relocation use# vxedit -g diskgroup set nohotuse=off diskname Spare=only Configuring hot-relocation to use only spare disksMoving and unrelocating subdisks To root Subject Attempting VxVM relocation on host teal Status message is displayed at the end of the operation Moving and unrelocating subdisks using vxdiskadmUnrelocate to a new disk y,n,q,? default n Enter the original disk name disk,list,q,? Moving and unrelocating subdisks using vxassist Moving and unrelocating subdisks using vxunreloc# vxassist -g mydg move home !mydg05 mydg02 Moving hot-relocated subdisks back to their original disk Moving hot-relocated subdisks back to a different diskForcing hot-relocated subdisks to accept different offsets Restarting vxunreloc after errors Examining which subdisks were hot-relocated from a disk# vxprint -g mydg -se sdorigdmname=mydg01 # nohup vxrelocd root Nohup vxrelocd -o slow=IOdelay rootModifying the behavior of hot-relocation Nohup vxrelocd root user1 user2 Alternatively, you can use the following command See the vxrelocd1M manual page for more information# nohup /etc/vx/bin/vxrelocd root user1 user2 Administering cluster functionality Overview of cluster volume management 399 Example of a 4-node cluster Private and shared disk groups Two types of disk groups are defined Readonly ro Activation modes of shared disk groupsExclusivewrite ew Sharedread sr Activation modes for shared disk groups Activation mode DescriptionEnableactivation=true Defaultactivationmode=activation-mode Sharedwrite sw Connectivity policy of shared disk groups Global detach policy Local detach policy Disk group failure policy Guidelines for choosing detach and failure policies Effect of disk connectivity on cluster reconfiguration Limitations of shared disk groups Cluster initialization and configuration Cluster reconfiguration # /etc/vx/bin/vxclustadm nodestate state out of cluster Vxclustadm utilityVarious reasons that may be given are shown in Table Reason user initiated stop Node abort messages Reason Description Volume reconfiguration Vxconfigd daemon Vxconfigd daemon recovery # hagrp -freeze group # hagrp -unfreeze group Node shutdown Multiple host failover configurations Node abortCluster shutdown Import lock Failover Corruption of disk group configuration Where the reason can describe errors such as Requesting node status and discovering the master node Administering VxVM in cluster environments# vxdctl -c mode See the vxdctl1M manual page for more information Determining if a disk is shareable Example output from this command is displayed hereExample output from this command is as follows Listing shared disk groups Creating a shared disk group # vxdg -s init diskgroup diskname=devicename # vxdg -s import diskgroup Importing disk groups as sharedForcibly importing a disk group # vxdg -s -f import diskgroup Converting a disk group from shared to private Default disk detach policy is global Changing the activation mode on a shared disk groupSetting the disk detach policy on a shared disk group # vxdg -g diskgroup set activation=mode # vxdg -g diskgroup set dgfailpolicy=dgdisableleave Creating volumes with exclusive open access by a nodeSetting exclusive open access to a volume by a node # vxvol -g dskgrp set exclusive=on volmir Displaying the cluster protocol version This command produces output similar to the followingThis command produces out put similar to the following Displaying the supported cluster protocol version range Recovering volumes in shared disk groups Upgrading the cluster protocol versionObtaining cluster performance statistics Vol Vol1 2421 600000 99.0 # vxstat -b Administering VxVM in cluster environments Administering Sites and remote mirrors Site-consistent volume with two plexes at each of two sites Example of a two-site configuration with remote storage only Configuring sites for hosts and disks Configuring site-based allocation on a disk groupTo remove the site name from a host, use this command # vxdg -g diskgroup set siteconsistent=on Configuring site consistency on a disk groupConfiguring site consistency on a volume # vxdg -g diskgroup set siteconsistent=off Setting the siteread policy on a volume Site-based allocation of storage to volumesRAID-5 volumes in a site-consistent disk group # vxassist -g diskgroup make volume size mirror=site Examples of storage allocation using sites Command Description Register a site record for each site with the disk group Turn on site consistency for each volume in the disk groupMaking an existing disk group site consistent Turn on site consistency for the disk group Automatic site reattachment Fire drill testing the configurationRecovery from simulated site failure Simulating site failure Failure scenarios and recovery procedures # ps -afe# kill -9 PID Recovery from storage failure Recovery from a loss of site connectivityRecovery from host failure Failure scenario Recovery technique Recovery from site failure Failure scenarios and recovery procedures About Storage Expert See the vxse1M manual Running Storage Expert Before using Storage ExpertHow Storage Expert works One of the following keywords must be specified Running a rule Displaying rule attributes and their default valuesDiscovering what a rule does # vxsestripes2 info Setting rule attributes Rule result types Identifying configuration problems using Storage Expert Recovery time Checking minimum and maximum RAID-5 log sizes vxseraid5log2 Checking for non-mirrored RAID-5 logs vxseraid5log3Vxseraid5log1 Disk groups Checking disk group configuration copies and logs vxsedg2Checking on disk config size vxsedg3 Checking the version number of disk groups vxsedg4 Checking volume redundancy vxseredundancy Checking states of plexes and volumes vxsevolplexChecking for non-imported disk groups vxsedg6 Checking the number of columns in RAID-5 volumes vxseraid5 Volumes needing recoveryDisk striping Rootability Disk sparing and relocation managementHardware failures System name Checking the system name vxsehost Rule definitions and attributes Rule Description See Running a rule on Rule Attribute Default Description Value Toowideraid5 NsdthresholdVxseraid5 Toonarrowraid5 R5maxsize Vxserootmir Vxseredundancy VolumeredundancyVxsestripes1 Default stripeunit Vxsespares Vxsevolplex Rule definitions and attributes Performance guidelines Data assignment Striping Mirroring Combining mirroring and striping RAID-5 Volume read policies Setting performance priorities Performance monitoringObtaining performance data Tracing volume operations Printing volume statisticsBy vxtrace Using performance data Using I/O statistics Mydg03-03 Archive-01 40960 C1t2d0 Following is an extract from typical output# vxprint -g mydg -tvh archive # vxassist -g mydg move archive !mydg03 destdisk 471 Tuning VxVM General tuning guidelinesUsing I/O tracing Tuning guidelines for large systems Number of configuration copies for a disk group # vxdmpadm settune dmptunable=value # vxedit set nconfig=5 bigdgChanging the values of tunables # vxdmpadm gettune dmptunable Tunable parameters Dmploglevel DmppathswitchblksshiftDmphealthtime Dmppathage Dmpprobeidlelun DmprestorecyclesDmprestoreinterval Dmpqueuedepth Dmpscsitimeout DmprestorepolicyDmpretrytimeout Dmpretrycount Dmpstatinterval VolcheckptdefaultVoldefaultiodelay Volfmrlogsz Volmaxvol VolmaxioVolmaxioctl Volmaxparallelio VolmaxspecialioVolsubdisknum Voldrlmaxseqdirty VolcvmsmartsyncVoldrlmaxdrtregs Voldrlminregionsz Volioterrbufdflt VoliotiobufdefaultVoliomemmaxpoolsz Voliotiobuflimit Voliotiobufmax VoliotmaxopenVolpagemodmaxmemsz Volraidminpoolsz Volraidrsrtransmax Tuning VxVM Commands summary If you are using a C shell csh or tcsh, use the commands Vxdg list diskgroup Vxdisk -g diskgroup list diskname# vxdisk -g mydg list # vxdg list mydg Table A-2 Administering disks Command Description # vxedit -g mydg set \ # vxedit -g mydg rename \Mydg03 mydg02 Reserve=on mydg02 Spare=off mydg04 # vxdiskunsetup c0t3d0Spare=on mydg04 # vxdisk offline c0t1d0 # vxsplitlines -g mydg # vxdg init mydg \Mydg01=c0t1d0 # vxdg -n newdg deport mydg Newdg myvol1 # vxdg -o expand listmove \Mydg newdg myvol1 Newdg myvol2 myvol3 # vxmake -g mydg sd \ # vxrecover -g mydg -sb# vxdg destroy mydg Mydg02-01 mydg02,0,8000 Mydg11-011 mydg12-012 # vxsd -g mydg assoc \Vol01-01 mydg10-010 \ Mydg02-01 Vol01-02 \ # vxsd -g mydg -o rm dis \# vxmake -g mydg plex \ Sd=mydg02-01,mydg02-02 Vol01-02 # vxplex -g mydg mv \Vol02-02 vol02-03 Vol03-01 Table A-6 Creating volumes Command Description# vxplex -g mydg cp vol02 \ Vol02-02 Stripeunit=W ncol=N attributes Volume length layout=striperaid5 \Vxassist -b -g diskgroup make \ Mysvol 20g layout=stripe \ Plex=raidplex,raidlog1,\ # vxmake -g mydg -Uraid5\Vol r5vol \ Raidlog2 Table A-7 Administering volumes Command Description Drl=onsequentialoff # vxsnap -gmydg prepare \ myvol drl=on Init=active mydg16 mydg17 # vxassist -g mydg make \Cvol 1g layout=mirror \ Cachevolname=cvol Vol3 layout=raid5 \ # vxsnap -g mydg unprepare \ myvol# vxassist -gmydg relayout \ vol2 layout=stripe Stripeunit=16 ncol=4 Mytask -b mydg05 # vxrecover -g mydg \# vxassist -g mydg remove \ myvol # vxtask -h -g mydg list # vxtask resume mytask # vxtask pause mytask# vxtask -p -g mydg list # vxtask abort mytask Administrative commands Online manual pages Table A-9 Manual pages Name Description Vxmirror VxrecoverVxmend Vxnotify File formats Device driver interfaces Configuring Veritas Volume Manager Setup tasks after installation Adding unsupported disk arrays as JBODs Adding foreign devicesAdding disks to disk groups Guidelines for configuring storage Mirroring guidelines Dirty region logging guidelines Striping guidelines RAID-5 guidelines Hot-relocation guidelines 517 Configuring cluster support Accessing volume devicesControlling VxVM’s view of multipathed devices Configuring shared disk groups Converting existing VxVM disk groups to shared disk groups Reconfiguration tasks Glossary Single copy of a configuration database Page See disk enclosure Jbod Page RAID Page Page Page Index CDS Page CVM Page Page DMP Empty Page Page Page Page Iofail 228 Nodarec 228 Nodevice 228 Recover 228 Removed Page Page Page Page Page TPD Page Detached Disabled Enabled Page Page Page Page Page