ZyAIR B-4000 Hot Spot Gateway

Appendix G

IP Subnetting

IP Addressing

Routers “route” based on the network number. The router that delivers the data packet to the correct destination host uses the host ID.

IP Classes

An IP address is made up of four octets (eight bits), written in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1. IP addresses are categorized into different classes. The class of an address depends on the value of its first octet.

Class “A” addresses have a 0 in the left most bit. In a class “A” address the first octet is the network number and the remaining three octets make up the host ID.

Class “B” addresses have a 1 in the left most bit and a 0 in the next left most bit. In a class “B” address the first two octets make up the network number and the two remaining octets make up the host ID.

Class “C” addresses begin (starting from the left) with 1 1 0. In a class “C” address the first three octets make up the network number and the last octet is the host ID.

Class “D” addresses begin with 1 1 1 0. Class “D” addresses are used for multicasting. (There is also a class “E” address. It is reserved for future use.)

Chart G-1 Classes of IP Addresses

IP ADDRESS:

OCTET 1

OCTET 2

OCTET 3

OCTET 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class A

0

Network number

Host ID

Host ID

Host ID

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class B

10

Network number

Network number

Host ID

Host ID

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class C

110

Network number

Network number

Network number

Host ID

 

 

 

 

 

 

Host IDs of all zeros or all ones are not allowed.

Therefore:

A class “C” network (8 host bits) can have 28 –2 or 254 hosts.

A class “B” address (16 host bits) can have 216 –2 or 65534 hosts.

IP Subnetting

G-1