Korg ES-1 manual Appendices, About Midi

8. Appendices

8. Appendices

About MIDI

1. MIDI channels

Similarly to a television, data can be received when the channel of the receiving device matches the channel on which the data is being transmitted.

The transmit/receive channel of the ES-1is set by the MIDI Channel setting in MIDI mode.

2. Note-on/off

When you strike a key pad, the note number assigned to that pad and a velocity value will be transmitted as a Note-on mes- sage [9n, kk, vv] (n: channel, kk: note number, vv: velocity). On the ES-1, the vv: velocity value is determined by the Accent level. When you release a pad, a note-off message [8n, kk, vv] is transmitted. However, most devices do not transmit note-off velocity, and neither does the ES-1. When note-on/off messages for a note number assigned to a part are received, that part will sound.

Note-on/off messages are transmitted and received on the MIDI channel that you specify in MIDI mode.

3. Switching patterns

When you change patterns, a Program Change message is trans- mitted. At this time if a program change is received on a MIDI channel that matches the MIDI channel setting of the ES-1, a pattern of the same group (e.g., from A01 to A02, etc.) will be selected.

4. Using NRPN messages to edit

NPRN (Non Registered Parameter No.) messages are messages to which manufacturers are free to assign their own functions. On the ES-1, NRPN are assigned to all knobs and keys except for the accent part key of the Part Edit section and the Effect section.

To edit, first use NRPN (LSB) [Bn, 62, rr] and NRPN (MSB) [Bn, 63, mm] (control change #98 and 99) (rr, mm: lower and upper bytes of the parameter no.) to select the parameter. Then trans- mit Data Entry (MSB) [Bn, 06, mm] and Data Entry (LSB) [Bn, 26, vv] (control change #06 and 38) (mm, vv: upper and lower bytes of the value, together expressing 16,384 steps) to set the value. The ES-1uses only the MSB value (128 steps) of the Data Entry message.

5. If "stuck notes" occur

If for some reason a note fails to stop sounding, you can usually switch modes to stop the sound. If a note played via MIDI fails to stop, you can simultaneously press the Shift key and the Stop/ Cancel key to perform a MIDI Reset.

6. About synchronization

Two or more sequencers can be connected via MIDI and made to playback in synchronization. Messages used for synchroni- zation (realtime messages) include Timing Clock [F8], Start [FA], Continue [FB], and Stop [FC]. In a synchronized system, one synthesizer (the master) will transmit these messages, and the other sequencer(s) (the slave(s)) will receive these messages. The slave devices will playback according to the tempo specified by the Timing Clock messages transmitted by the master. Twenty- four Timing Clock messages are transmitted for each quarter note. When the ES-1’s Global mode parameter Clock is set to INT, it will be the master device, and will transmit these realtime messages. When Clock is set to EXT, it will be the slave device, and will receive these realtime messages. However even when Clock is set to EXT, the ES-1will operate according to its own internal clock if no Timing Clock messages are being received. The Start message specifies when playback will begin. When the Start/Pause key is pressed on the master device, it will trans- mit a Start message. Slave devices that receive this Start mes- sage will synchronize to the Timing Clock messages subse- quently received, and will begin playback from the beginning. If the Start/Pause key is pressed on the master devices when it is paused, the master will transmit a Continue message. When a slave device receives the Continue message, it will resume playback from the point where it is currently stopped. If the Stop key is pressed during playback, the master will transmit a Stop message. Slave devices will stop playback when they re- ceive a Stop message.

7. Synchronization in Song mode

In Song mode, the ES-1can transmit and receive Song Select and Song Position Pointer messages. When you switch songs, a Song Select [F3 ss] message will be transmitted (ss: song num- ber, where one of 128 songs can be selected. On the ES-1you can select 16 songs.) If the ES-1receives a Song Select message in Song mode, it will switch songs. Transmission and reception of Song Select messages can be restricted by the MIDI Filter settings of MIDI mode. If you change the current position on the master device (i.e., the device whose Clock is set to INT) when the song is stopped, a Song Position Pointer message [F2

pppp] will be transmitted. (pp: the number of MIDI beats from the beginning of the song; i.e., the number of Timing Clocks divided by six.) Song Position Pointer indicates the location at which the sequencer is currently stopped. When Song Position Pointer is received in Song mode by a slave device (i.e., a device whose Clock is set to EXT), it will change the location at which its song is currently stopped to match the location of the mas- ter. However on the ES-1, the length of each pattern may be different, so the master and slave will not necessarily be in the same location. When the Start/Pause key is pressed on the master device, a Continue message is transmitted, and the song will begin playback from the currently selected position. When the slave device receives the Continue message, it will synchro- nize to the Timing Clock messages and begin playback from the current point in the song. In the same way as synchronizing the playback from the beginning of the song, you can specify the location at which playback will start, and then playback in synchronization. If you use the dial or Select keys to fast-for- ward or rewind while the song is playing, Song Position Pointer messages will not be transmitted. Be aware that if you perform these operations during synchronized playback, the synchroni- zation will be lost. Also, even if Song Position Pointer messages are received during playback, the playback location will not change.

8. Appendices

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