Agilent Technologies 6050A, 6051A manual Considerations For Operating In Constant Resistance Mode

Page 92

If large resistances are required, the accuracy can be improved by reading the voltage and current directly from the load, calculating the actual resistance, and then adjusting the programmed value accordingly. This technique is most practical in applications requiring a fixed resistive load.

The following examples illustrate the worst-case error possibilities resulting from op amp offsets. The examples are based on a 300-watt unit having 1 ohm, 1 kilohm, and 10 kilohm ranges. These examples do not include the effects of gain errors on accuracy (specified in percent).

Note Note that typical performance is far better than the worst-case possibilities shown here.

Example 1: 1 Ω range (0.033 Ω to 1 Ω)

The offset error for this range is specified as + 8 milliohms. Therefore, if 1 ohm is programmed, the actual resistance will be

1 Ω + 0.008 Ω = 0.992 to 1.008 Ω.

Similarly, if 0.033 ohms is programmed, the actual resistance will be

0.033 Ω ± 0.008 Ω = 0.032 to 0.048 Ω.

Example 2: 1 kΩ range: (1 Ω to 1 kΩ, or 1 S to 0.001 S)

Because this range is, in effect, a constant conductance range, offset is specified in siemens (1/ohms). Resistance, however, is programmed in ohms. Therefore, to compute the contribution of offset error to programmed value error, the programmed value must be reciprocated first. The offset is then applied to the programmed value (in siemens) and the result is once again reciprocated.

Note that 1 ohm equals 1 siemen, and 1 kilohm equals 0.001 siemens. Therefore, the conductance (0.001 siemens) at full scale resistance (1 kilohm) is a very small percentage of scale conductance.

If 1 ohm is programmed, the corresponding conductance value is 1 siemen. The actual resistance will be 1 S ± 0.008 S = 1.008 S to 0.992 S

= 0.992 Ω to 1.008 Ω

If 1 kilohm is programmed, the corresponding conductance value is 0.001 siemens. The actual resistance will be 0.001 S ± 0.008 S = 0.009 S to -0.007 S

=111 Ω to infinite Ω (typically 900 to 1100 Ω)

The load cannot provide negative current corresponding to negative siemens. Therefore, zero current translates to zero siemens, which corresponds to infinite ohms. Note also that the resistance can be as low as 111 ohms, which is much lower than 1 kilohm. This is because the current offset is large compared to the small current corresponding to 1 kilohm (0.001 siemens). For instance, 0.001 siemens corresponds to 6 milliamps at 6 volts input, and the offset specification of 0.008 siemens corresponds to 48 milliamps at 6 volts input.

Calculations for the 10 kilohm range are similar.

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Contents Operating Manual Certification Safety Summary Safety Summary Symbol DescriptionHerstellerbescheinigung Manufacturer’s DeclarationPrinting History Page Table of Contents Installation Local OperationCalibration Considerations for Operating in Constant Resistance ModeRemote Operation Page General Information What’s In This ManualOptions Safety Requirements SpecificationsDimensions Page Introduction Operation OverviewRemote Programming Local/Remote ControlFront Panel Description Modes of Operation Extended Power OperationProgrammable Features Triggered Current Level Constant Current CC ModeImmediate Current Level Constant Resistance CR Mode Transient Current LevelSoftware Current Limit Slew RateConstant Voltage CV Mode Immediate Resistance LevelTriggered Resistance Level Transient Resistance LevelTransient Operation Triggered Voltage LevelTransient Voltage Level Pulsed Transient Operation Hpsl Command DescriptionContinuous Transient Operation Sets pulse width to 1 millisecond Selects the external trigger inputSelects pulsed transient operation Triggering a preset level Selects the external trigger input sourceSelects toggled operation Triggering a transient pulseSlew Rate And Minimum Transition Time Risetime Transition LimitationInput Current, Voltage, and Power Measurement Transition Times and Slew Rates Short On/OffInput On/Off Saving and Recalling SettingsReading Remote Programming Errors Status Reporting Protection FeaturesResetting Latched Protection Overcurrent OverpowerOvervoltage Control Connector OvertemperatureReverse Voltage Remote SensingFault External Programming InputPage Installing The Modules InspectionPower Cord Configurations Procedure Installing The Mainframes Channel NumberRack Mounting Turn-On CheckoutCooling Line Voltage Switches Changing Line VoltageGpib Errors Channel Errors DescriptionTurn-On/Selftest Display DescriptionPower Test Controller ConnectionRear Panel Connectors and Switches Wire Size Strip backGpib Address AWGInput Binding Post Control Connector Sense SwitchPins Al and A2 +Sand -SIM and VM Com pin A3Application Connections Trigger ConnectorWiring Considerations Stranded Copper Wire Ampere Capacity Wire Size AmpacityLocal Sense Connections Remote Sense ConnectionsMaximum Wire Lengths to Limit Voltage Drops Zero-Volt Loading Connections12. Local Sensing 14. Parallel Operation Page Local Operation Local OperationControls and Indicators Description Chan Keys Function Keys Local Control Overview Using The Chan Keys Using The Function Keys Selecting the ChannelIdentifying the Selected Channel Turning the Input On/OffRecommended Programming Sequence Setting the Mode of Operation Setting CC ValuesProgramming Ranges ExamplesSetting CR Values Examples Setting CV Values Programming RangeTransient Operation Shorting The Input Displaying Error Codes Using The System KeysSetting The Gpib Address Changing Wake-up Settings Recalling the Factory Default ValuesPage Enter/Output Statements Gpib AddressOutput EnterSending a Remote Command Selecting a ChannelGetting Data Back Output 705 MeascurrRemote Programming Commands CC Mode Example CV Mode ExampleOutput 705INPUT on Output 705MEASCURR? Output 705 Chan 2INPUT OFF Output 705MODEVOLTRemote Programming Flowchart Sheet Remote Programming Flowchart Sheet CR Mode Example Output 705INPUT on Output 705MEASPOW?Continuous Transient Operation Example Output 705CHAN 2INPUT OFF Output 705MODECURROutput 705CHAN 1INPUT OFF Output 705MODEVOLT Pulsed Transient Operation ExampleSynchronous Toggled Transient Operation Example Output 705 Trigsour TIM Page Equipment Required CalibrationCalibration Commands CharacteristicsEquipment Required for Calibration Recommended ModelCalibration Flowcharts Example ProgramsCalibration Flowchart for a Modules Calibration Flowchart for a Modules Calibration Flowchart for a Modules Pause Subend Program Listing for a ModulesPause Print Voltage Calibration Line ElseEND if 610 Set low calibration point Calibration Flowchart for B Modules Calibration Flowchart for B Modules Calibration Flowchart for B Modules Program Listing for B Modules Clear Screen Print TABXY10,10CALIBRATION DoneWait 1260 If Flag then 1270 Output @LdRESReshipt 1280 Considerations For Operating In Constant Resistance Mode Considerations For Operating In Constant Resistance ModeConsiderations For Operating In Constant Resistance Mode Index IndexIndex Index 19, 20, 21 Agilent Sales and Support Offices Agilent Sales and Support OfficesManual Updates

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