HP IA-64 manual Preface, How to Use This Manual, Font Conventions, Syntax Conventions, Italic

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Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Preface

This document is the Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual. The goal of this document is to provide a description of the features, commands, and simulation environment provided by the Ski IA-64 simulator. The version of the simulator described here is Version 0.873l.

How to Use This Manual

The ﬁrst chapter of this manual is a quick-start tutorial. Using only the ﬁrst chapter, you can learn enough about Ski to do useful work. If you are using Ski to simulate an IA-64 application program and are familiar with debuggers such as HP’s xdb, the ﬁrst chapter and Appendix A, “Command Reference” may be all you need to read.

The remaining chapters provide information about Ski in depth. Use these chapters to learn about commands not covered in the tutorial and to learn more about how Ski operates.

Use Appendix A, “Command Reference” and the on-line help command to ﬁnd a list of all Ski commands and a brief description of each command.

Use Appendix D, “Simulator Status and Error Messages” to understand the causes and possible solutions for each of Ski’s error messages.

Font Conventions

In this manual, fonts are used as described below. Depending on how you are viewing this document (paper, a web page, a PDF ﬁle, etc.), some distinctions may not be visible.

italic

is used for optional text including operand ﬁelds such as count, and for the names of bitﬁelds such as psr.be.

light italic

is used for graphical button names such as Run.

fixed-width bold

is used for literal text including commands such as dbndl, and for examples such as bski -icnt foo <bar >baz.

SMALL UPPERCASE

is used for processor instructions such as BREAK.

fixed-width regular

is used for directories and ﬁlenames such as hello, and for web URL’s such as http://www.hp.com.

Syntax Conventions

In this manual, symbols are used as described below.

[italic]

Square brackets surrounding optional argument(s) indicate that the argument(s) can be omitted, as in the Appendix A, “Command Reference” description of the dj command: dj [address].

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

Preface

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Contents Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference ManualTrademarks Printing HistorySyntax Conventions How to Use This ManualPreface Font ConventionsItalic+ Table of Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Viii Table of Contents List of Figures Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L List of Tables Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xii List of Tables Starting xski How to Run an IA-64 Application ProgramGetting Started a Ski Tutorial Ski SimulatorStarting xski From the Command Line Loading Your Program Exiting SkiLoading the hello Program Xski Data Window Inspecting DataChanging the Data Window Display Data Window Showing argv and envp Strings in Hexadecimal Looking at Code Viewing Data in Ascii12. Jumping the Program Window to the Beginning of main Viewing Source Code Mixed In with Assembly Code14. The Program Window Showing a Breakpoint at main Controlling Breakpoints15. The Breakpoint List Window Running a Program16. The Terminal Window After the hello Program is Run Single-stepping a Program18. The Main Window After Reaching the Breakpoint at main+10 Changing Registers and MemorySki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 20. The xski Register Window After Changing the ip Register 21. The xski Data Window Widened to Show Ascii Next Steps Getting HelpCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Defects and Defect Reporting OverviewIntroduction What You Need to Know to Use This ManualSki Variations Using bski for Batch SimulationsX Window System, Motif-based xski Interface Starting Ski Command Line Flags1.1 Summary of Flags XSki FileSummary of the Quit Command Quitting SkiQuit expression Screen Presentation Ski’s Use of WindowsRegister Window Register Window in xski User Registers PaneFloating Point Registers Pane General Registers PaneIA-32 Registers Pane System Registers PaneRegister Window and ski Resizing Register Window Panes with xski1 IA-64 Instruction Display Program WindowSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 2 IA-32 Instruction Display Invalid Code and the Program Window Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window12. xski’s Program Window Showing Illegal Instructions Data WindowChanging the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window Command/Main Window Invalid Code and the Data WindowXski Main Window 16. xski’s Main Command Window Ski Command WindowOther Windows 17. ski’s Command Window at Bottom18. xski’s Symbol List Window Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Command Sequences, Repetition, and Abbreviation Command LanguageCommand Entry Command ArgumentsExpressions Argument SpeciﬁcationNumeric Arguments Numbers and CountsXski Evaluating Expressions Ski Simulator Arithmetic and Logic OperatorsSymbolic Arguments Program-Deﬁned SymbolsAddresses Filenames Resolving Ambiguous Symbols and NumbersInternal Variables LabelsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xski Register Window Commands Screen Manipulation CommandsRegister Window Commands Summary of Register Window CommandsSummary of Program Window Commands Program Window CommandsXski’s Program Window Showing IA-64 Assembly Language Code Pd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski’s Assembly Language Dump WindowDf count Data Window CommandsSummary of Data Window Commands Dj addressDd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski Showing Data in Raw Hexadecimal and AsciiSki Support for System-Mode Programs Program SimulationApplication-Mode and System-Mode Simulation Ski Support for Application-Mode ProgramsSystem-Mode TLB Simulation Summary of TLB Display CommandsSystem-Mode IA-64 Programs System-Mode IA-32 ProgramsMisaligned Data Access Trap How to Load a ProgramProgram Loading Creating the argc, argv, and envp Parameters Summary of Program Loading CommandsLoad ﬁlename args+ Adding Information after LoadingProgram Execution Summary of Program Execution CommandsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Program Simulation Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation InterruptionsLinux Application Environment Linux System Calls Accepted but Ignored by Ski Linux System Calls Supported by SkiMS-DOS Application Environment Program I/OMS-DOS System Calls in Hexadecimal Supported by Ski Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Debugging Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment CommandsSummary of Assignment Commands Examples of Assignment CommandsOriginal Program Loaded in ski Allocation Bit-encoded RegistersProgram Breakpoints Summary of The eval CommandSetting Program Breakpoints Evaluating Formulas and Formatting DataListing Program Breakpoints Deleting Program BreakpointsSummary of Program Breakpoint Commands Unexpected BreakpointsBs address Deleting Data Breakpoints Setting Data BreakpointsSummary of Data Breakpoint Commands Data BreakpointsDumping Registers and Memory to a File Symbol Table CommandsSummary of Save and Restore Commands Summary of Symbol CommandsIsyms ﬁlename Symlist Output from xskiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Debugging Initialization File Command FilesLabels and Control Flow in Command Files Goto Command and LabelsComments in Command Files An Example Command FileIf Command Label Summary of Command File Commandsﬁlename # commentSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Command Files =s address stringwithoutspaces Command ReferenceDbd breakpointnumber Dbs address length rwrwEval expressionwithoutspaces+ Help commandnameRest ﬁlename Quit returnvalueforshellStep until expressionwithoutspaces Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L IA-64 Registers Register NamesRegister Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names Internal Variables Internal Variable NamesCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co All breakpoints deleted Simulator Status and Error MessagesSimulator Status and Error Messages Expression Help Unknown command %s Missing ELF header Not an IA-64 ﬁle Stopping at %s due to unimplemented instruction Usage %s options ﬁle args