HP IA-64, Ski Simulator manual Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window

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Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

which may change by the time the simulated IA-64 processor actually loads the bytes.) The address is expressed as a sym- bol from the executable ﬁle’s symbol table or as a sixteen digit hexadecimal number.

With the dbndl command, Ski can display data formatted as IA-64 instruction bundles in hexadecimal, as shown in Figure 3-15.(The ﬁgure was generated by loading a program and then issuing the command “ dj main-10” followed by the dbndl command.) This is useful when you need to see the raw hexadecimal instruction encodings. The ﬁrst column displays the address of each bundle. The second column displays the template ﬁeld. The remaining three columns are the 41-bit instructions from slots 0, 1, and 2. Note: for the purpose of setting breakpoint addresses, Ski “pretends” that the slot 0 instruction is located at the ﬁrst byte of the bundle, the slot 1 instruction is located at the fourth byte, and the slot 2 instruction is located at the eighth byte. See “How Ski Implements Breakpoints” on page 8-6for more information.

Figure 3-14. xski’s Data Window Showing Unallocated Space Followed by Data

Figure 3-15. xski’s Data Window Showing Data Interpreted as Instruction Bundles

3.6.1Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window

As with the Program Window, xski doesn’t place a scroll bar in the Data Window. Instead, like ski, xski provides the df, db, and dj commands, described in Section 5.3, “Data Window Commands”. Use these commands to scroll the Data Win- dow forwards and backwards and to “jump” the Data Window. In addition, xski understands the Page Up and Page Down keys and the arrow keys. When the Data Window has the X Window System focus, the Page Up, Page Down, up-arrow, and down-arrow keys emit the “ db”, “ df”, “ db 1”, and “ df 1” commands, respectively.

You can control the size of xski’s Data Window with your window manager’s standard mechanisms. If you are using ski, the window is ﬁxed in size; on a twenty four line terminal, the window will be two lines tall.

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

Screen Presentation 3-11

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Contents Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference ManualTrademarks Printing HistorySyntax Conventions How to Use This ManualPreface Font ConventionsItalic+ Table of Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Viii Table of Contents List of Figures Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L List of Tables Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xii List of Tables Starting xski How to Run an IA-64 Application ProgramGetting Started a Ski Tutorial Ski SimulatorStarting xski From the Command Line Loading Your Program Exiting SkiLoading the hello Program Xski Data Window Inspecting DataChanging the Data Window Display Data Window Showing argv and envp Strings in Hexadecimal Looking at Code Viewing Data in Ascii12. Jumping the Program Window to the Beginning of main Viewing Source Code Mixed In with Assembly Code14. The Program Window Showing a Breakpoint at main Controlling Breakpoints15. The Breakpoint List Window Running a Program16. The Terminal Window After the hello Program is Run Single-stepping a Program18. The Main Window After Reaching the Breakpoint at main+10 Changing Registers and MemorySki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 20. The xski Register Window After Changing the ip Register 21. The xski Data Window Widened to Show Ascii Next Steps Getting HelpCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Defects and Defect Reporting OverviewIntroduction What You Need to Know to Use This ManualSki Variations Using bski for Batch SimulationsX Window System, Motif-based xski Interface Starting Ski Command Line Flags1.1 Summary of Flags XSki FileQuit expression Summary of the Quit CommandQuitting Ski Register Window Screen PresentationSki’s Use of Windows Register Window in xski User Registers PaneFloating Point Registers Pane General Registers PaneIA-32 Registers Pane System Registers PaneRegister Window and ski Resizing Register Window Panes with xski1 IA-64 Instruction Display Program WindowSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 2 IA-32 Instruction Display Invalid Code and the Program Window Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window12. xski’s Program Window Showing Illegal Instructions Data WindowChanging the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window Xski Main Window Command/Main WindowInvalid Code and the Data Window 16. xski’s Main Command Window Ski Command WindowOther Windows 17. ski’s Command Window at Bottom18. xski’s Symbol List Window Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Command Sequences, Repetition, and Abbreviation Command LanguageCommand Entry Command ArgumentsExpressions Argument SpeciﬁcationNumeric Arguments Numbers and CountsXski Evaluating Expressions Ski Simulator Arithmetic and Logic OperatorsAddresses Symbolic ArgumentsProgram-Deﬁned Symbols Filenames Resolving Ambiguous Symbols and NumbersInternal Variables LabelsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xski Register Window Commands Screen Manipulation CommandsRegister Window Commands Summary of Register Window CommandsSummary of Program Window Commands Program Window CommandsXski’s Program Window Showing IA-64 Assembly Language Code Pd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski’s Assembly Language Dump WindowDf count Data Window CommandsSummary of Data Window Commands Dj addressDd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski Showing Data in Raw Hexadecimal and AsciiSki Support for System-Mode Programs Program SimulationApplication-Mode and System-Mode Simulation Ski Support for Application-Mode ProgramsSystem-Mode TLB Simulation Summary of TLB Display CommandsSystem-Mode IA-64 Programs System-Mode IA-32 ProgramsProgram Loading Misaligned Data Access TrapHow to Load a Program Creating the argc, argv, and envp Parameters Summary of Program Loading CommandsLoad ﬁlename args+ Adding Information after LoadingProgram Execution Summary of Program Execution CommandsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Program Simulation Linux Application Environment Linux and MS-DOS ABI EmulationInterruptions Linux System Calls Accepted but Ignored by Ski Linux System Calls Supported by SkiMS-DOS System Calls in Hexadecimal Supported by Ski MS-DOS Application EnvironmentProgram I/O Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Debugging Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment CommandsSummary of Assignment Commands Examples of Assignment CommandsOriginal Program Loaded in ski Allocation Bit-encoded RegistersProgram Breakpoints Summary of The eval CommandSetting Program Breakpoints Evaluating Formulas and Formatting DataListing Program Breakpoints Deleting Program BreakpointsBs address Summary of Program Breakpoint CommandsUnexpected Breakpoints Deleting Data Breakpoints Setting Data BreakpointsSummary of Data Breakpoint Commands Data BreakpointsDumping Registers and Memory to a File Symbol Table CommandsSummary of Save and Restore Commands Summary of Symbol CommandsIsyms ﬁlename Symlist Output from xskiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Debugging Initialization File Command FilesLabels and Control Flow in Command Files Goto Command and LabelsIf Command Comments in Command FilesAn Example Command File Label Summary of Command File Commandsﬁlename # commentSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Command Files =s address stringwithoutspaces Command ReferenceDbd breakpointnumber Dbs address length rwrwEval expressionwithoutspaces+ Help commandnameRest ﬁlename Quit returnvalueforshellStep until expressionwithoutspaces Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L IA-64 Registers Register NamesRegister Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names Internal Variables Internal Variable NamesCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co All breakpoints deleted Simulator Status and Error MessagesSimulator Status and Error Messages Expression Help Unknown command %s Missing ELF header Not an IA-64 ﬁle Stopping at %s due to unimplemented instruction Usage %s options ﬁle args