HP IA-64, Ski Simulator manual Summary of Command File Commands, filename, # comment, Label

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Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

#Compute and print Fibonacci numbers from 1 to 50.

#Initialize variables

= r10

1

# Hold n-2’th value

= r11

1

# Hold n-1’th value

=

r12

0

# Temporary holding place for n-1’th value

=

r13

0

# Loop counter

#Print out first two Fibonacci numbers (initial values of r10 & r11) eval r10

eval r11

#Calculate and print the rest of the numbers. The last line has the

#stopping value of the loop index. (This is a simple counting loop.) loop:

eval +r11

# “+” makes an expression: decimal and hex printing

= r12

r11

# Compute n’th Fibonacci term

= r11

r11+r10

 

= r10

r12

 

= r13

r13+1

# Increment loop counter

if r13<0d50 goto loop

# Loop again?

Figure 9-1. An Example Command File to Compute Fibonacci Numbers

9.5Summary of Command File Commands

. filename

Executes commands in the given command file. The file is opened and its contents are executed as if they were entered from the keyboard. When the contents of a non-nested command file are exhausted, xski and ski resume keyboard input and bski executes a run command followed by a quit command. When a nested command file is exhausted, control returns to the next-higher-level command file.

if expression-without-spaces true-command

if expression-without-spaces true-command :false-command

In the first form, causes the rest of the line to be ignored if expression-without-spacesevaluates to zero. Otherwise, true-commandis executed. In the second form, if expression-without-spacesevaluates to nonzero, the true-commandis executed. Otherwise, the false-commandis executed.

The if command may be executed from the keyboard. In combination with xski’s Command History (see Section 3.7.1, “The xski Main Window”) or ski’s command repetition mechanism (see Section 3.7.2, “The ski Command Window”), this can be quite powerful.

goto label

In a command file (only), causes execution to continue following the first line in the file which contains the label. Goto’s may be forward or backward.

#comment

The “ #” and all characters following it until the next newline are ignored.

label:

The colon (“ :”) command marks a goto label. All characters following the “ :” and preceding the next newline are ignored.

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

Command Files 9-3

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Contents Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference ManualTrademarks Printing HistorySyntax Conventions How to Use This ManualPreface Font ConventionsItalic+ Table of Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Viii Table of Contents List of Figures Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L List of Tables Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xii List of Tables Starting xski How to Run an IA-64 Application ProgramGetting Started a Ski Tutorial Ski SimulatorStarting xski From the Command Line Loading Your Program Exiting SkiLoading the hello Program Xski Data Window Inspecting DataChanging the Data Window Display Data Window Showing argv and envp Strings in Hexadecimal Looking at Code Viewing Data in Ascii12. Jumping the Program Window to the Beginning of main Viewing Source Code Mixed In with Assembly Code14. The Program Window Showing a Breakpoint at main Controlling Breakpoints15. The Breakpoint List Window Running a Program16. The Terminal Window After the hello Program is Run Single-stepping a Program18. The Main Window After Reaching the Breakpoint at main+10 Changing Registers and MemorySki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 20. The xski Register Window After Changing the ip Register 21. The xski Data Window Widened to Show Ascii Next Steps Getting HelpCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Defects and Defect Reporting OverviewIntroduction What You Need to Know to Use This ManualSki Variations Using bski for Batch SimulationsX Window System, Motif-based xski Interface Starting Ski Command Line Flags1.1 Summary of Flags XSki FileSummary of the Quit Command Quitting SkiQuit expression Screen Presentation Ski’s Use of WindowsRegister Window Register Window in xski User Registers PaneFloating Point Registers Pane General Registers PaneIA-32 Registers Pane System Registers PaneRegister Window and ski Resizing Register Window Panes with xski1 IA-64 Instruction Display Program WindowSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 2 IA-32 Instruction Display Invalid Code and the Program Window Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window12. xski’s Program Window Showing Illegal Instructions Data WindowChanging the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window Command/Main Window Invalid Code and the Data WindowXski Main Window 16. xski’s Main Command Window Ski Command WindowOther Windows 17. ski’s Command Window at Bottom18. xski’s Symbol List Window Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Command Sequences, Repetition, and Abbreviation Command LanguageCommand Entry Command ArgumentsExpressions Argument SpecificationNumeric Arguments Numbers and CountsXski Evaluating Expressions Ski Simulator Arithmetic and Logic OperatorsSymbolic Arguments Program-Defined SymbolsAddresses Filenames Resolving Ambiguous Symbols and NumbersInternal Variables LabelsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xski Register Window Commands Screen Manipulation CommandsRegister Window Commands Summary of Register Window CommandsSummary of Program Window Commands Program Window CommandsXski’s Program Window Showing IA-64 Assembly Language Code Pd startingaddress endingaddress filename Xski’s Assembly Language Dump WindowDf count Data Window CommandsSummary of Data Window Commands Dj addressDd startingaddress endingaddress filename Xski Showing Data in Raw Hexadecimal and AsciiSki Support for System-Mode Programs Program SimulationApplication-Mode and System-Mode Simulation Ski Support for Application-Mode ProgramsSystem-Mode TLB Simulation Summary of TLB Display CommandsSystem-Mode IA-64 Programs System-Mode IA-32 ProgramsMisaligned Data Access Trap How to Load a ProgramProgram Loading Creating the argc, argv, and envp Parameters Summary of Program Loading CommandsLoad filename args+ Adding Information after LoadingProgram Execution Summary of Program Execution CommandsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Program Simulation Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation InterruptionsLinux Application Environment Linux System Calls Accepted but Ignored by Ski Linux System Calls Supported by SkiMS-DOS Application Environment Program I/OMS-DOS System Calls in Hexadecimal Supported by Ski Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Debugging Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment CommandsSummary of Assignment Commands Examples of Assignment CommandsOriginal Program Loaded in ski Allocation Bit-encoded RegistersProgram Breakpoints Summary of The eval CommandSetting Program Breakpoints Evaluating Formulas and Formatting DataListing Program Breakpoints Deleting Program BreakpointsSummary of Program Breakpoint Commands Unexpected BreakpointsBs address Deleting Data Breakpoints Setting Data BreakpointsSummary of Data Breakpoint Commands Data BreakpointsDumping Registers and Memory to a File Symbol Table CommandsSummary of Save and Restore Commands Summary of Symbol CommandsIsyms filename Symlist Output from xskiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Debugging Initialization File Command FilesLabels and Control Flow in Command Files Goto Command and LabelsComments in Command Files An Example Command FileIf Command Label Summary of Command File Commandsfilename # commentSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Command Files =s address stringwithoutspaces Command ReferenceDbd breakpointnumber Dbs address length rwrwEval expressionwithoutspaces+ Help commandnameRest filename Quit returnvalueforshellStep until expressionwithoutspaces Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L IA-64 Registers Register NamesRegister Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names Internal Variables Internal Variable NamesCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co All breakpoints deleted Simulator Status and Error MessagesSimulator Status and Error Messages Expression Help Unknown command %s Missing ELF header Not an IA-64 file Stopping at %s due to unimplemented instruction Usage %s options file args