HP Ski Simulator manual Not an IA-64 file

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Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Not an IA-64 file

See “File size > Memory size” on page D-3.

Nothing to run

No program has been loaded. Use the load, iaload, or romload command, depending on what kind of program you want to simulate or load an IA-64 program by naming it on Ski’s command line. See “Program Loading” on page 6-3.

Out of memory

Ski needed to get more memory to run but couldn’t get it. You need more virtual memory swap space or you’ve found a Ski defect. See your local Linux specialist.

Page not allocated

When Ski loads an IA-64 application-mode program, Ski allocates pages for the fixed-size parts of the program and allocates a small stack. As the program runs, Ski allows the stack to grow. If the program tries to access a page which isn’t in one of those areas, Ski detects the error and prints the message. The most likely cause is a wild pointer. See “Application-ModeIA-64 Programs” on page 6-1.

Pager %s not found

You executed a ski command that sends output through a pager and there was a problem. Did you set the PAGER environment variable to point to a program that’s not reachable through your PATH shell variable? Did you set the PAGER variable to point to a non-executable program? If your pager is on a remote file system, is there a problem with accessing that system? Did your pager program return a failure status for some reason? If none of these reasons is applicable, you may have found a Ski defect. See “Other Windows” on page 3-14.

popen failed

A call to the Linux system routine popen() failed, that is, a -1 was returned from the call. This is unusual and, while it doesn’t indicate an internal Ski error, it may suggest that your Linux operating system is corrupt, perhaps due to some other program. ski uses popen() when it needs to invoke a pager to display a large amount of text to you, for example, when you use the help and symlist commands. The popen() function might fail if you have the maxi- mum allowed number of processes running on your computer or if you have run out of swap space.

Privileged operation fault

Your IA-64 application-mode program tried to execute a privileged instruction. This can only happen for applica- tion-mode programs; system-mode programs handle this fault through the interruption mechanism. See Chapter 6, “Program Simulation” and “Interruptions” on page 7-1.

Privileged register fault

Your IA-64 application-mode program tried to access a privileged register. This can only happen for application- mode programs; system-mode programs handle this fault through the interruption mechanism. See Chapter 6, “Pro- gram Simulation” and “Interruptions” on page 7-1.

program exited with status %d

Your IA-64 program finished execution in the normal fashion. This is a status message, not an error message.

Register NaT Consumption fault

Your IA-64 application-mode program tried to reference the contents of a register that didn’t contain a valid value. This can only happen for application-mode programs; system-mode programs handle this fault through the interrup- tion mechanism. See Chapter 6, “Program Simulation” and “Interruptions” on page 7-1.

D-6 Simulator Status and Error Messages

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

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Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard CoPrinting History TrademarksHow to Use This Manual PrefaceFont Conventions Syntax ConventionsItalic+ Table of Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Viii Table of Contents List of Figures Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L List of Tables Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xii List of Tables How to Run an IA-64 Application Program Getting Started a Ski TutorialSki Simulator Starting xskiStarting xski From the Command Line Exiting Ski Loading Your ProgramLoading the hello Program Inspecting Data Xski Data WindowChanging the Data Window Display Data Window Showing argv and envp Strings in Hexadecimal Viewing Data in Ascii Looking at CodeViewing Source Code Mixed In with Assembly Code 12. Jumping the Program Window to the Beginning of mainControlling Breakpoints 14. The Program Window Showing a Breakpoint at mainRunning a Program 15. The Breakpoint List WindowSingle-stepping a Program 16. The Terminal Window After the hello Program is RunChanging Registers and Memory 18. The Main Window After Reaching the Breakpoint at main+10Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 20. The xski Register Window After Changing the ip Register 21. The xski Data Window Widened to Show Ascii Getting Help Next StepsCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Overview IntroductionWhat You Need to Know to Use This Manual Defects and Defect ReportingUsing bski for Batch Simulations Ski VariationsX Window System, Motif-based xski Interface Command Line Flags Starting SkiXSki File 1.1 Summary of FlagsSummary of the Quit Command Quitting SkiQuit expression Screen Presentation Ski’s Use of WindowsRegister Window User Registers Pane Register Window in xskiGeneral Registers Pane Floating Point Registers PaneSystem Registers Pane IA-32 Registers PaneResizing Register Window Panes with xski Register Window and skiProgram Window 1 IA-64 Instruction DisplaySki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 2 IA-32 Instruction Display Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window Invalid Code and the Program WindowData Window 12. xski’s Program Window Showing Illegal InstructionsChanging the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window Command/Main Window Invalid Code and the Data WindowXski Main Window Ski Command Window 16. xski’s Main Command Window17. ski’s Command Window at Bottom Other Windows18. xski’s Symbol List Window Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Command Language Command EntryCommand Arguments Command Sequences, Repetition, and AbbreviationArgument Specification Numeric ArgumentsNumbers and Counts ExpressionsSki Simulator Arithmetic and Logic Operators Xski Evaluating ExpressionsSymbolic Arguments Program-Defined SymbolsAddresses Resolving Ambiguous Symbols and Numbers Internal VariablesLabels FilenamesSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Screen Manipulation Commands Register Window CommandsSummary of Register Window Commands Xski Register Window CommandsProgram Window Commands Summary of Program Window CommandsXski’s Program Window Showing IA-64 Assembly Language Code Xski’s Assembly Language Dump Window Pd startingaddress endingaddress filenameData Window Commands Summary of Data Window CommandsDj address Df countXski Showing Data in Raw Hexadecimal and Ascii Dd startingaddress endingaddress filenameProgram Simulation Application-Mode and System-Mode SimulationSki Support for Application-Mode Programs Ski Support for System-Mode ProgramsSummary of TLB Display Commands System-Mode IA-64 ProgramsSystem-Mode IA-32 Programs System-Mode TLB SimulationMisaligned Data Access Trap How to Load a ProgramProgram Loading Summary of Program Loading Commands Load filename args+Adding Information after Loading Creating the argc, argv, and envp ParametersSummary of Program Execution Commands Program ExecutionSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Program Simulation Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation InterruptionsLinux Application Environment Linux System Calls Supported by Ski Linux System Calls Accepted but Ignored by SkiMS-DOS Application Environment Program I/OMS-DOS System Calls in Hexadecimal Supported by Ski Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment Commands Summary of Assignment CommandsExamples of Assignment Commands DebuggingOriginal Program Loaded in ski Bit-encoded Registers AllocationSummary of The eval Command Setting Program BreakpointsEvaluating Formulas and Formatting Data Program BreakpointsDeleting Program Breakpoints Listing Program BreakpointsSummary of Program Breakpoint Commands Unexpected BreakpointsBs address Setting Data Breakpoints Summary of Data Breakpoint CommandsData Breakpoints Deleting Data BreakpointsSymbol Table Commands Summary of Save and Restore CommandsSummary of Symbol Commands Dumping Registers and Memory to a FileSymlist Output from xski Isyms filenameSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Debugging Command Files Labels and Control Flow in Command FilesGoto Command and Labels Initialization FileComments in Command Files An Example Command FileIf Command Summary of Command File Commands filename# comment LabelSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Command Files Command Reference =s address stringwithoutspacesDbs address length rwrw Dbd breakpointnumberHelp commandname Eval expressionwithoutspaces+Quit returnvalueforshell Rest filenameStep until expressionwithoutspaces Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names IA-64 RegistersRegister Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names Internal Variable Names Internal VariablesCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Simulator Status and Error Messages All breakpoints deletedSimulator Status and Error Messages Expression Help Unknown command %s Missing ELF header Not an IA-64 file Stopping at %s due to unimplemented instruction Usage %s options file args
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