HP Ski Simulator manual Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

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Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

instruction in the bundle. The end of each instruction group (a unit of potentially parallel execution) is marked with a pair of semicolons (“ ;;”) after the last operand of the last instruction in the group.

Figure 3-9. xski’s Program Window Showing Part of an IA-64 “hello world” Program

Ski uses the ﬁrst few columns for source code line numbers. Ski also uses the ﬁrst column to show breakpoint locations for IA-64 assembly language instructions, numbering the breakpoints “ 0” through “ 9.” IA-64 breakpoint commands include bs, bD, bd, and bl, and are described in Section 8.3, “Program Breakpoints”. For the purpose of setting breakpoint addresses, Ski “pretends” that the slot 0 instruction in a bundle is located at the ﬁrst byte of the bundle, the slot 1 instruc- tion is located at the fourth byte, and the slot 2 instruction is located at the eighth byte. See “How Ski Implements Break- points” on page 8-6for more information.

Predication is an IA-64 feature that increases the usable parallelism of user programs and allows better utilization of func- tional units. Ski shows predication information in the second column of the Program Window, as shown in Figure 3-10.If the second column of a given instruction line contains an exclamation mark (“ !”), the instruction is predicated on a predi- cate register that is currently 0: the instruction is “predicated off”. The predicate register is displayed in parenthesis imme- diately to the left of the instruction mnemonic. Ski uses a different encoding for the instruction pointed to by the ip register: an asterisk (“ *”) indicates that the instruction is predicated off and a greater-than symbol (“ >”) indicates that the instruction is predicated on. (That is, the “ >” symbol means “This is the next instruction to be simulated.”)

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

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Contents Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference ManualTrademarks Printing HistorySyntax Conventions How to Use This ManualPreface Font ConventionsItalic+ Table of Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Viii Table of Contents List of Figures Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L List of Tables Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xii List of Tables Starting xski How to Run an IA-64 Application ProgramGetting Started a Ski Tutorial Ski SimulatorStarting xski From the Command Line Loading Your Program Exiting SkiLoading the hello Program Xski Data Window Inspecting DataChanging the Data Window Display Data Window Showing argv and envp Strings in Hexadecimal Looking at Code Viewing Data in Ascii12. Jumping the Program Window to the Beginning of main Viewing Source Code Mixed In with Assembly Code14. The Program Window Showing a Breakpoint at main Controlling Breakpoints15. The Breakpoint List Window Running a Program16. The Terminal Window After the hello Program is Run Single-stepping a Program18. The Main Window After Reaching the Breakpoint at main+10 Changing Registers and MemorySki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 20. The xski Register Window After Changing the ip Register 21. The xski Data Window Widened to Show Ascii Next Steps Getting HelpCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Defects and Defect Reporting OverviewIntroduction What You Need to Know to Use This ManualSki Variations Using bski for Batch SimulationsX Window System, Motif-based xski Interface Starting Ski Command Line Flags1.1 Summary of Flags XSki FileQuitting Ski Summary of the Quit CommandQuit expression Ski’s Use of Windows Screen PresentationRegister Window Register Window in xski User Registers PaneFloating Point Registers Pane General Registers PaneIA-32 Registers Pane System Registers PaneRegister Window and ski Resizing Register Window Panes with xski1 IA-64 Instruction Display Program WindowSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 2 IA-32 Instruction Display Invalid Code and the Program Window Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window12. xski’s Program Window Showing Illegal Instructions Data WindowChanging the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window Invalid Code and the Data Window Command/Main WindowXski Main Window 16. xski’s Main Command Window Ski Command WindowOther Windows 17. ski’s Command Window at Bottom18. xski’s Symbol List Window Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Command Sequences, Repetition, and Abbreviation Command LanguageCommand Entry Command ArgumentsExpressions Argument SpeciﬁcationNumeric Arguments Numbers and CountsXski Evaluating Expressions Ski Simulator Arithmetic and Logic OperatorsProgram-Deﬁned Symbols Symbolic ArgumentsAddresses Filenames Resolving Ambiguous Symbols and NumbersInternal Variables LabelsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xski Register Window Commands Screen Manipulation CommandsRegister Window Commands Summary of Register Window CommandsSummary of Program Window Commands Program Window CommandsXski’s Program Window Showing IA-64 Assembly Language Code Pd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski’s Assembly Language Dump WindowDf count Data Window CommandsSummary of Data Window Commands Dj addressDd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski Showing Data in Raw Hexadecimal and AsciiSki Support for System-Mode Programs Program SimulationApplication-Mode and System-Mode Simulation Ski Support for Application-Mode ProgramsSystem-Mode TLB Simulation Summary of TLB Display CommandsSystem-Mode IA-64 Programs System-Mode IA-32 ProgramsHow to Load a Program Misaligned Data Access TrapProgram Loading Creating the argc, argv, and envp Parameters Summary of Program Loading CommandsLoad ﬁlename args+ Adding Information after LoadingProgram Execution Summary of Program Execution CommandsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Program Simulation Interruptions Linux and MS-DOS ABI EmulationLinux Application Environment Linux System Calls Accepted but Ignored by Ski Linux System Calls Supported by SkiProgram I/O MS-DOS Application EnvironmentMS-DOS System Calls in Hexadecimal Supported by Ski Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Debugging Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment CommandsSummary of Assignment Commands Examples of Assignment CommandsOriginal Program Loaded in ski Allocation Bit-encoded RegistersProgram Breakpoints Summary of The eval CommandSetting Program Breakpoints Evaluating Formulas and Formatting DataListing Program Breakpoints Deleting Program BreakpointsUnexpected Breakpoints Summary of Program Breakpoint CommandsBs address Deleting Data Breakpoints Setting Data BreakpointsSummary of Data Breakpoint Commands Data BreakpointsDumping Registers and Memory to a File Symbol Table CommandsSummary of Save and Restore Commands Summary of Symbol CommandsIsyms ﬁlename Symlist Output from xskiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Debugging Initialization File Command FilesLabels and Control Flow in Command Files Goto Command and LabelsAn Example Command File Comments in Command FilesIf Command Label Summary of Command File Commandsﬁlename # commentSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Command Files =s address stringwithoutspaces Command ReferenceDbd breakpointnumber Dbs address length rwrwEval expressionwithoutspaces+ Help commandnameRest ﬁlename Quit returnvalueforshellStep until expressionwithoutspaces Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L IA-64 Registers Register NamesRegister Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names Internal Variables Internal Variable NamesCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co All breakpoints deleted Simulator Status and Error MessagesSimulator Status and Error Messages Expression Help Unknown command %s Missing ELF header Not an IA-64 ﬁle Stopping at %s due to unimplemented instruction Usage %s options ﬁle args