HP IA-64, Ski Simulator manual Getting Help, Next Steps

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Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Figure 1-23. The xski Main Window Showing an eval Command and Its Result

1.2.12Getting Help

To see what commands are available, type “ help” in the Main Window or use the Help->Commands menu selection. To see the syntax of a speciﬁc command, type “ help” followed by the command name, as in “ help eval”.

1.2.13Next Steps

Congratulations! You now know how to use xski to test an IA-64 program. In the rest of this manual, you’ll ﬁnd out how to use ski and bski and the many additional commands and facilities not covered in this brief tutorial.

•Chapter 2, “Overview” presents the capabilities of Ski, how to start it and stop it, and a brief discussion of installation issues. The chapter also shows how to use bski for batch simulations.

•Chapter 3, “Screen Presentation”, discusses the various screen displays of xski and ski in depth.

•Chapter 4, “Command Language”, deﬁnes the syntax of the language you use to control Ski’s operation.

•Chapter 5, “Screen Manipulation Commands”, presents the Ski commands for controlling Ski’s screen displays.

•Chapter 6, “Program Simulation”, introduces the concepts of Ski program simulation, shows you how to load pro- grams, and presents the Ski commands for simulating a program. Much of the information needed to use Ski for ﬁrm- ware development and operating system simulation is in this chapter.

•Chapter 7, “Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation”, discusses the Ski mechanisms and support for simulating applica- tion programs. If you are using Ski for to develop system software, such as bootstrap ﬁrmware or operating systems, you can skip this chapter.

•Chapter 8, “Debugging”, presents Ski commands and facilities that are useful in debugging and tuning programs.

•Chapter 9, “Command Files”, introduces command ﬁles, a mechanism that lets you extend Ski to meet your particular needs.

•The appendices contain summaries of the Ski command set, a list of the registers and internal variables Ski recog- nizes, and a description of the Ski error and status messages, their causes, and, for error messages, possible solutions.

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-17

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Contents Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference ManualTrademarks Printing HistoryPreface How to Use This ManualFont Conventions Syntax ConventionsItalic+ Table of Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Viii Table of Contents List of Figures Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L List of Tables Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xii List of Tables Getting Started a Ski Tutorial How to Run an IA-64 Application ProgramSki Simulator Starting xskiStarting xski From the Command Line Loading Your Program Exiting SkiLoading the hello Program Xski Data Window Inspecting DataChanging the Data Window Display Data Window Showing argv and envp Strings in Hexadecimal Looking at Code Viewing Data in Ascii12. Jumping the Program Window to the Beginning of main Viewing Source Code Mixed In with Assembly Code14. The Program Window Showing a Breakpoint at main Controlling Breakpoints15. The Breakpoint List Window Running a Program16. The Terminal Window After the hello Program is Run Single-stepping a Program18. The Main Window After Reaching the Breakpoint at main+10 Changing Registers and MemorySki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 20. The xski Register Window After Changing the ip Register 21. The xski Data Window Widened to Show Ascii Next Steps Getting HelpCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Introduction OverviewWhat You Need to Know to Use This Manual Defects and Defect ReportingSki Variations Using bski for Batch SimulationsX Window System, Motif-based xski Interface Starting Ski Command Line Flags1.1 Summary of Flags XSki FileQuit expression Summary of the Quit CommandQuitting Ski Register Window Screen PresentationSki’s Use of Windows Register Window in xski User Registers PaneFloating Point Registers Pane General Registers PaneIA-32 Registers Pane System Registers PaneRegister Window and ski Resizing Register Window Panes with xski1 IA-64 Instruction Display Program WindowSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 2 IA-32 Instruction Display Invalid Code and the Program Window Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window12. xski’s Program Window Showing Illegal Instructions Data WindowChanging the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window Xski Main Window Command/Main WindowInvalid Code and the Data Window 16. xski’s Main Command Window Ski Command WindowOther Windows 17. ski’s Command Window at Bottom18. xski’s Symbol List Window Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Command Entry Command LanguageCommand Arguments Command Sequences, Repetition, and AbbreviationNumeric Arguments Argument SpeciﬁcationNumbers and Counts ExpressionsXski Evaluating Expressions Ski Simulator Arithmetic and Logic OperatorsAddresses Symbolic ArgumentsProgram-Deﬁned Symbols Internal Variables Resolving Ambiguous Symbols and NumbersLabels FilenamesSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Window Commands Screen Manipulation CommandsSummary of Register Window Commands Xski Register Window CommandsSummary of Program Window Commands Program Window CommandsXski’s Program Window Showing IA-64 Assembly Language Code Pd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski’s Assembly Language Dump WindowSummary of Data Window Commands Data Window CommandsDj address Df countDd startingaddress endingaddress ﬁlename Xski Showing Data in Raw Hexadecimal and AsciiApplication-Mode and System-Mode Simulation Program SimulationSki Support for Application-Mode Programs Ski Support for System-Mode ProgramsSystem-Mode IA-64 Programs Summary of TLB Display CommandsSystem-Mode IA-32 Programs System-Mode TLB SimulationProgram Loading Misaligned Data Access TrapHow to Load a Program Load ﬁlename args+ Summary of Program Loading CommandsAdding Information after Loading Creating the argc, argv, and envp ParametersProgram Execution Summary of Program Execution CommandsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Program Simulation Linux Application Environment Linux and MS-DOS ABI EmulationInterruptions Linux System Calls Accepted but Ignored by Ski Linux System Calls Supported by SkiMS-DOS System Calls in Hexadecimal Supported by Ski MS-DOS Application EnvironmentProgram I/O Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Summary of Assignment Commands Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment CommandsExamples of Assignment Commands DebuggingOriginal Program Loaded in ski Allocation Bit-encoded RegistersSetting Program Breakpoints Summary of The eval CommandEvaluating Formulas and Formatting Data Program BreakpointsListing Program Breakpoints Deleting Program BreakpointsBs address Summary of Program Breakpoint CommandsUnexpected Breakpoints Summary of Data Breakpoint Commands Setting Data BreakpointsData Breakpoints Deleting Data BreakpointsSummary of Save and Restore Commands Symbol Table CommandsSummary of Symbol Commands Dumping Registers and Memory to a FileIsyms ﬁlename Symlist Output from xskiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Debugging Labels and Control Flow in Command Files Command FilesGoto Command and Labels Initialization FileIf Command Comments in Command FilesAn Example Command File ﬁlename Summary of Command File Commands# comment LabelSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Command Files =s address stringwithoutspaces Command ReferenceDbd breakpointnumber Dbs address length rwrwEval expressionwithoutspaces+ Help commandnameRest ﬁlename Quit returnvalueforshellStep until expressionwithoutspaces Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L IA-64 Registers Register NamesRegister Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names Internal Variables Internal Variable NamesCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co All breakpoints deleted Simulator Status and Error MessagesSimulator Status and Error Messages Expression Help Unknown command %s Missing ELF header Not an IA-64 ﬁle Stopping at %s due to unimplemented instruction Usage %s options ﬁle args