HP IA-64, Ski Simulator manual Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window

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Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Figure 3-11. xski’s Program Window Showing IA-32 Code, the Instruction Pointer, and a Breakpoint

3.5.3Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window

xski doesn’t place a scroll bar in the Program Window. Instead, like ski, xski provides the pf and pb commands, described in Section 5.2, “Program Window Commands”. You use these commands to scroll the Program Window for- wards and backwards, respectively, through the assembly language program display. Ski also provides the pj command which lets you “jump” the Program Window to any location in the address space. In addition, xski understands the Page Up and Page Down keys and the arrow keys. When the Program Window has the X Window System focus, the Page Up, Page Down, up-arrow, and down-arrow keys emit the “ pb”, “ pf”, “ pb 1”, and “ pf 1” commands, respectively.

You can control the size of xski’s Program Window using your window manager’s standard mechanisms. If you are using ski, the window is fixed in size; on a twenty four line terminal, the window will be nine lines tall.

3.5.4Invalid Code and the Program Window

Ski will disassemble the area of memory it is displaying in the program window, regardless of whether the area contains program code or data. If you tell Ski to display non-program memory, Ski attempts to display the (non-existent) instruc- tions. When Ski finds bit encodings that don’t represent valid instructions, it displays the word “ illegalOp” instead, as shown in Figure 3-12.Sometimes, Ski may display x’s, indicating that you asked Ski to show a page of memory that doesn’t exist, as shown in Figure 3-13.There are three cases to consider:

•In application-mode, x’s indicate a page of memory that hasn’t been accessed by the program and therefore hasn’t been allocated by Ski.

•In system-mode with instruction address translation enabled (the psr.it bit is on), x’s indicate a page of memory for which no entry exists in the Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) or in the Virtual Hash Page Table (VHPT).

•In system-mode with instruction address translation disabled (the psr.it bit is off), x’s indicate a page of memory that has not yet been accessed by the program.

Application-mode and system-mode programming are discussed in more detail in Chapter 6, “Program Simulation”.

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

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Contents Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference ManualTrademarks Printing HistoryPreface How to Use This ManualFont Conventions Syntax ConventionsItalic+ Table of Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Viii Table of Contents List of Figures Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L List of Tables Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xii List of Tables Getting Started a Ski Tutorial How to Run an IA-64 Application ProgramSki Simulator Starting xskiStarting xski From the Command Line Loading Your Program Exiting SkiLoading the hello Program Xski Data Window Inspecting DataChanging the Data Window Display Data Window Showing argv and envp Strings in Hexadecimal Looking at Code Viewing Data in Ascii12. Jumping the Program Window to the Beginning of main Viewing Source Code Mixed In with Assembly Code14. The Program Window Showing a Breakpoint at main Controlling Breakpoints15. The Breakpoint List Window Running a Program16. The Terminal Window After the hello Program is Run Single-stepping a Program18. The Main Window After Reaching the Breakpoint at main+10 Changing Registers and MemorySki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 20. The xski Register Window After Changing the ip Register 21. The xski Data Window Widened to Show Ascii Next Steps Getting HelpCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Introduction OverviewWhat You Need to Know to Use This Manual Defects and Defect ReportingSki Variations Using bski for Batch SimulationsX Window System, Motif-based xski Interface Starting Ski Command Line Flags1.1 Summary of Flags XSki FileSummary of the Quit Command Quitting SkiQuit expression Screen Presentation Ski’s Use of WindowsRegister Window Register Window in xski User Registers PaneFloating Point Registers Pane General Registers PaneIA-32 Registers Pane System Registers PaneRegister Window and ski Resizing Register Window Panes with xski1 IA-64 Instruction Display Program WindowSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 2 IA-32 Instruction Display Invalid Code and the Program Window Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window12. xski’s Program Window Showing Illegal Instructions Data WindowChanging the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window Command/Main Window Invalid Code and the Data WindowXski Main Window 16. xski’s Main Command Window Ski Command WindowOther Windows 17. ski’s Command Window at Bottom18. xski’s Symbol List Window Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Command Entry Command LanguageCommand Arguments Command Sequences, Repetition, and AbbreviationNumeric Arguments Argument SpecificationNumbers and Counts ExpressionsXski Evaluating Expressions Ski Simulator Arithmetic and Logic OperatorsSymbolic Arguments Program-Defined SymbolsAddresses Internal Variables Resolving Ambiguous Symbols and NumbersLabels FilenamesSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Window Commands Screen Manipulation CommandsSummary of Register Window Commands Xski Register Window CommandsSummary of Program Window Commands Program Window CommandsXski’s Program Window Showing IA-64 Assembly Language Code Pd startingaddress endingaddress filename Xski’s Assembly Language Dump WindowSummary of Data Window Commands Data Window CommandsDj address Df countDd startingaddress endingaddress filename Xski Showing Data in Raw Hexadecimal and AsciiApplication-Mode and System-Mode Simulation Program SimulationSki Support for Application-Mode Programs Ski Support for System-Mode ProgramsSystem-Mode IA-64 Programs Summary of TLB Display CommandsSystem-Mode IA-32 Programs System-Mode TLB SimulationMisaligned Data Access Trap How to Load a ProgramProgram Loading Load filename args+ Summary of Program Loading CommandsAdding Information after Loading Creating the argc, argv, and envp ParametersProgram Execution Summary of Program Execution CommandsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Program Simulation Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation InterruptionsLinux Application Environment Linux System Calls Accepted but Ignored by Ski Linux System Calls Supported by SkiMS-DOS Application Environment Program I/OMS-DOS System Calls in Hexadecimal Supported by Ski Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Summary of Assignment Commands Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment CommandsExamples of Assignment Commands DebuggingOriginal Program Loaded in ski Allocation Bit-encoded RegistersSetting Program Breakpoints Summary of The eval CommandEvaluating Formulas and Formatting Data Program BreakpointsListing Program Breakpoints Deleting Program BreakpointsSummary of Program Breakpoint Commands Unexpected BreakpointsBs address Summary of Data Breakpoint Commands Setting Data BreakpointsData Breakpoints Deleting Data BreakpointsSummary of Save and Restore Commands Symbol Table CommandsSummary of Symbol Commands Dumping Registers and Memory to a FileIsyms filename Symlist Output from xskiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Debugging Labels and Control Flow in Command Files Command FilesGoto Command and Labels Initialization FileComments in Command Files An Example Command FileIf Command filename Summary of Command File Commands# comment LabelSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Command Files =s address stringwithoutspaces Command ReferenceDbd breakpointnumber Dbs address length rwrwEval expressionwithoutspaces+ Help commandnameRest filename Quit returnvalueforshellStep until expressionwithoutspaces Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L IA-64 Registers Register NamesRegister Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names Internal Variables Internal Variable NamesCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co All breakpoints deleted Simulator Status and Error MessagesSimulator Status and Error Messages Expression Help Unknown command %s Missing ELF header Not an IA-64 file Stopping at %s due to unimplemented instruction Usage %s options file args
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