HP IA-64, Ski Simulator manual Expression

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Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

missions are wrong or a remote file has suddenly become inaccessible? See “The Program Window” on page 3-6and the discussion of the pm command in “Program Window Commands” on page 5-2.

Error: unrecognized restore file tag: %s

You are trying to restore a saved simulator state and either the save file is corrupt or Ski is broken. See “Saving and Restoring the Simulator State” on page 8-8.

Expression aligned to (mod %lld) boundary

You tried to assign an address to a register that requires an address on a specific boundary, but the address you spec- ified isn’t on that boundary. Ski has adjusted the address for you, but you should check to make sure the adjustment matches your intent. See “Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment Commands” on page 8-1.

Expression > 47

You tried to assign a value greater than 47 to the rrbp register.

Expression > 95

You tried to assign a value greater than 95 to the rrbf or rrbf register.

File size > Memory size

You tried to load an IA-64 program but the library Ski uses to parse ELF files can’t make sense of the file. Are you sure it’s an IA-64 program and not an IA-32 program, an object file, or something completely different? See “Pro- gram Loading” on page 6-3.

Following values could not be assigned:

You supplied multiple values in an =1, =2, =4, or =8 command. Some of the values overflowed on to the next page of memory but that page hasn’t been allocated. Ski creates new pages of memory when the simulated program needs them; Ski will not create new pages in response to assignment commands. See “Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment Commands” on page 8-1.

FP exception fault

An IA-64 application-mode program attempted to execute a floating point operation that doesn’t make sense, such as divide by zero or square root of a negative number. This can only happen for IA-64 application-mode programs; IA- 64 system-mode programs handle this fault through the interruption mechanism. See Chapter 6, “Program Simula- tion” and “Interruptions” on page 7-1.

FP exception trap

An IA-64 application-mode program caused a floating-point trap. This trap, like all traps, stops simulation of appli- cation-mode programs. A trap is different from a fault: faults are detected before the machine state is changed, for example when an attempt is made to divide by zero. Traps are detected after the machine state is changed, for exam- ple, when numeric overflow occurs. This can only happen for application-mode programs; system-mode programs handle this trap through the interruption mechanism. See Chapter 6, “Program Simulation” and Chapter 7.1, “Inter- ruptions”.

goto only allowed inside a command file

You tried to execute the goto command from the keyboard. The command is only legal within command files. See “The goto Command and Labels” on page 9-1.

Halting Simulation

Your IA-64 system-mode program executed a BREAK 0 instruction at a place where there is no Ski breakpoint. See Chapter 8.3.4.1, “How Ski Implements Breakpoints” and “System-ModeIA-64 Programs” on page 6-2.

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

Simulator Status and Error Messages D-3

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Contents Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference ManualTrademarks Printing HistoryPreface How to Use This ManualFont Conventions Syntax ConventionsItalic+ Table of Contents Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Vii Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual Viii Table of Contents List of Figures Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L List of Tables Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Xii List of Tables Getting Started a Ski Tutorial How to Run an IA-64 Application ProgramSki Simulator Starting xskiStarting xski From the Command Line Loading Your Program Exiting SkiLoading the hello Program Xski Data Window Inspecting DataChanging the Data Window Display Data Window Showing argv and envp Strings in Hexadecimal Looking at Code Viewing Data in Ascii12. Jumping the Program Window to the Beginning of main Viewing Source Code Mixed In with Assembly Code14. The Program Window Showing a Breakpoint at main Controlling Breakpoints15. The Breakpoint List Window Running a Program16. The Terminal Window After the hello Program is Run Single-stepping a Program18. The Main Window After Reaching the Breakpoint at main+10 Changing Registers and MemorySki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 20. The xski Register Window After Changing the ip Register 21. The xski Data Window Widened to Show Ascii Next Steps Getting HelpCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Introduction OverviewWhat You Need to Know to Use This Manual Defects and Defect ReportingSki Variations Using bski for Batch SimulationsX Window System, Motif-based xski Interface Starting Ski Command Line Flags1.1 Summary of Flags XSki FileSummary of the Quit Command Quitting SkiQuit expression Screen Presentation Ski’s Use of WindowsRegister Window Register Window in xski User Registers PaneFloating Point Registers Pane General Registers PaneIA-32 Registers Pane System Registers PaneRegister Window and ski Resizing Register Window Panes with xski1 IA-64 Instruction Display Program WindowSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L 2 IA-32 Instruction Display Invalid Code and the Program Window Changing the Range of Locations Shown in the Program Window12. xski’s Program Window Showing Illegal Instructions Data WindowChanging the Range of Locations Shown in the Data Window Command/Main Window Invalid Code and the Data WindowXski Main Window 16. xski’s Main Command Window Ski Command WindowOther Windows 17. ski’s Command Window at Bottom18. xski’s Symbol List Window Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Command Entry Command LanguageCommand Arguments Command Sequences, Repetition, and AbbreviationNumeric Arguments Argument SpecificationNumbers and Counts ExpressionsXski Evaluating Expressions Ski Simulator Arithmetic and Logic OperatorsSymbolic Arguments Program-Defined SymbolsAddresses Internal Variables Resolving Ambiguous Symbols and NumbersLabels FilenamesSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Window Commands Screen Manipulation CommandsSummary of Register Window Commands Xski Register Window CommandsSummary of Program Window Commands Program Window CommandsXski’s Program Window Showing IA-64 Assembly Language Code Pd startingaddress endingaddress filename Xski’s Assembly Language Dump WindowSummary of Data Window Commands Data Window CommandsDj address Df countDd startingaddress endingaddress filename Xski Showing Data in Raw Hexadecimal and AsciiApplication-Mode and System-Mode Simulation Program SimulationSki Support for Application-Mode Programs Ski Support for System-Mode ProgramsSystem-Mode IA-64 Programs Summary of TLB Display CommandsSystem-Mode IA-32 Programs System-Mode TLB SimulationMisaligned Data Access Trap How to Load a ProgramProgram Loading Load filename args+ Summary of Program Loading CommandsAdding Information after Loading Creating the argc, argv, and envp ParametersProgram Execution Summary of Program Execution CommandsSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Program Simulation Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation InterruptionsLinux Application Environment Linux System Calls Accepted but Ignored by Ski Linux System Calls Supported by SkiMS-DOS Application Environment Program I/OMS-DOS System Calls in Hexadecimal Supported by Ski Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Summary of Assignment Commands Changing Registers and Memory with Assignment CommandsExamples of Assignment Commands DebuggingOriginal Program Loaded in ski Allocation Bit-encoded RegistersSetting Program Breakpoints Summary of The eval CommandEvaluating Formulas and Formatting Data Program BreakpointsListing Program Breakpoints Deleting Program BreakpointsSummary of Program Breakpoint Commands Unexpected BreakpointsBs address Summary of Data Breakpoint Commands Setting Data BreakpointsData Breakpoints Deleting Data BreakpointsSummary of Save and Restore Commands Symbol Table CommandsSummary of Symbol Commands Dumping Registers and Memory to a FileIsyms filename Symlist Output from xskiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Debugging Labels and Control Flow in Command Files Command FilesGoto Command and Labels Initialization FileComments in Command Files An Example Command FileIf Command filename Summary of Command File Commands# comment LabelSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Command Files =s address stringwithoutspaces Command ReferenceDbd breakpointnumber Dbs address length rwrwEval expressionwithoutspaces+ Help commandnameRest filename Quit returnvalueforshellStep until expressionwithoutspaces Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L IA-64 Registers Register NamesRegister Names Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-3 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Copyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co Register Names B-5 Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L Register Names Internal Variables Internal Variable NamesCopyright 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co All breakpoints deleted Simulator Status and Error MessagesSimulator Status and Error Messages Expression Help Unknown command %s Missing ELF header Not an IA-64 file Stopping at %s due to unimplemented instruction Usage %s options file args
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