Creating and Downloading Waveform Files

Understanding Waveform Data

NOTE FIR filter capability is only available on the N5182A with Option 651, 652, or 654, the E4438C with Option 001, 002, 601, or 602, and on the E8267D with Option 601 or 602.

2’s Complement Data Format

The signal generator requires signed values for the input data. For binary data, two’s complement is a way to represent positive and negative values. The most significant bit (MSB) determines the sign.

0 equals a positive value (01011011 = 91 decimal)

1 equals a negative value (10100101 = −91 decimal)

Like decimal values, if you sum the binary positive and negative values, you get zero. The one difference with binary values is that you have a carry, which is ignored. The following shows how to calculate the two’s complement using 16- bits. The process is the same for both positive and negative values.

Convert the decimal value to binary.

23710 = 01011100 10011110

Notice that 15 bits (0- 14) determine the value and bit 16 (MSB) indicates a positive value.

Invert the bits (1 becomes 0 and 0 becomes 1).

10100011 01100001

Add one to the inverted bits. Adding one makes it a two’s complement of the original binary value.

10100011 01100001

+00000000 00000001

10100011 01100010

The MSB of the resultant is one, indicating a negative value (−23710).

Test the results by summing the binary positive and negative values; when correct, they produce zero.

01011100 10011110

+10100011 01100010

00000000 00000000

I and Q Interleaving

When you create the waveform data, the I and Q data points typically reside in separate arrays or files. The signal generator requires a single I/Q file for waveform data playback. The process of interleaving creates a single array with alternating I and Q data points, with the Q data following the I data. This array is then downloaded to the signal generator as a binary file. The interleaved file comprises the waveform data points where each set of data points, one I data point and one Q data point, represents one I/Q waveform point.

Agilent N518xA, E8663B, E44x8C, and E82x7D Signal Generators Programming Guide

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Agilent Technologies N5181A/82A, N5183A MXG, E8663B manual ’s Complement Data Format, Q Interleaving

N5183A, N5183A MXG, E8663B, N5181A/82A specifications

Agilent Technologies is renowned for its innovative solutions in electronic test and measurement equipment. Among its offerings are several signal generators including the N5181A, N5182A, E8663B, and N5183A MXG. These models are distinguished not only by their performance but also by their versatility across various applications in communications, aerospace, and electronics.

The Agilent N5181A and N5182A, part of the MXG family, are highly versatile signal generators known for their exceptional frequency performance and flexibility. The N5181A operates from 100 kHz to 6 GHz, while the N5182A extends that range up to 12 GHz. They provide high fidelity signals with low phase noise, making them ideal for the development and testing of RF components and systems. These generators support a wide variety of modulation formats, including AM, FM, PM, and pulse modulation, catering to diverse application needs.

The E8663B, meanwhile, is designed for the range of 250 kHz to 3 GHz and is also recognized for its high-performance features. Its built-in capabilities for modulation make it effective for testing wireless devices, ensuring that signals can be simulated accurately in both laboratory and field environments. It is especially beneficial for users requiring a straightforward and efficient solution with high reliability.

The N5183A MXG signal generator enhances the lineup with frequency coverage up to 6 GHz and advanced capabilities. It integrates various modulation capabilities while ensuring high signal integrity. Its architecture is tailored for both production test environments and research applications, providing users with the flexibility to adapt to changing testing requirements.

Common characteristics across these models include a user-friendly interface that simplifies configuration and operation. They are often equipped with LAN and USB interfaces for easy remote control and integration into automated test systems. The robustness of these generators allows them to perform reliably in challenging environments, making them essential tools in laboratories, manufacturing floors, and field testing scenarios.

In summary, Agilent's signal generators, including the N5181A, N5182A, E8663B, and N5183A MXG, represent a blend of advanced technology, flexibility, and precision. These instruments are vital in facilitating the evolution of cutting-edge communication technologies, ensuring that designers and engineers can confidently meet the demands of modern electronics.