An Ethernet switch interconnects network devices, such as workstations, printers, routers, and other Ethernet switches, so that they can communicate with each other by sending and receiving Ethernet frames.
Every hardware device on your network has a unique MAC address. This address is assigned to the device by the device’s manufacturer. For example, when you install a Network Interface Card (NIC) in a computer so that you can connect it to the network, the NIC already has a MAC address assigned to it by its manufacturer.
The AT-GS900/16 can store up to 8000 MAC addresses in its MAC address table and the AT-GS900/24 can store up to 16,000 entries. Each switch uses the table to store the MAC addresses of the network end- nodes connected to the ports, along with the port number on which each address was learned.
A switch learns the MAC addresses of the end-nodes by examining the source address of each packet received on a port. It adds the address and port on which the packet was received to the MAC table (if the address has not already been entered in the table). The result is a table that contains all the MAC addresses of the devices that are connected to the switch’s ports, and the port number where each address was learned.
When the switch receives a packet, it also examines the destination address and, by referring to its MAC address table, determines the port on which the destination end-node is connected. It then forwards the packet to the appropriate port and to the end-node. This increases network bandwidth by limiting each frame to the appropriate port where the intended end-node is located, freeing the other switch ports for receiving and transmitting data.
If the switch receives a packet with a destination address that is not in the MAC address table, it floods the packet to all the ports on the switch. When the destination end-node responds, the switch adds its MAC address and port number to the table.
If the switch receives a packet with a destination address that is on the same port on which the packet was received, it discards the packet without forwarding it on to any port. Since both the source end-node and the destination end-node for the packet are located on the same port on the switch, there is no reason for the switch to forward the packet.
Duplex mode refers to how an end-node receives and transmits data. If an end-node can either receive or transmit data, but not both simultaneously,
