Bridging

Coding Violations are Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP) errors that are detected in the incoming signal (as described below).

Severely Errored Seconds

The number of Severely Errored Seconds, or Far-End Severely Errored Seconds, encountered by a SONET/SDH Path in the speciÞed interval.

A Severely Errored Second (SES) is a second with X or more coding violations (bit parity errors) reported at the Section, Line, or Path layer of the SONET link, or a second during which at least one or more incoming defects (e.g., Loss of Signal, Loss of Pointer, or Loss of Frame) has occurred at that layer. The statistic provided in this Þeld is provided by the STS-Path level of the link.

Values of X at each layer depend on the linkÕs line rate and the Bit Error Rate. For the STS-Path layer, with a line rate of 51.84 Mbps (STS-1) and a BER of 1.5 x 10-7, X is 9; with a line rate of 155.52 Mbps (STS-3) and a BER of 1 x 10-7, X is 16.

If the FE100-Sx or APIM-2x is experiencing consecutive Severely Errored Seconds, it may indicate an impending period of network unavailability (which begins at the onset of 10 consecutive SESs). Periods of unavailability can severely impact service (e.g., the disconnection of switched services). Availability is restored at the onset of 10 consecutive error-free seconds.

Severely Errored Framing Seconds

The counter associated with the number of Severely Errored Framing Seconds encountered by a SONET/SDH Section in the speciÞed interval. A Severely Errored Framing Second (SEFS) is a second containing one or more SEF events. This counter is only counted at the Section Layer, and is not available as a Far-End counter.

Code Violations

The number of Coding Violations (CVs) encountered by a SONET/SDH Path interface, or the number of Far-End Coding Violations reported via the far-end block error count to the monitored SONET/SDH Path interface, in the speciÞed interval.

Coding Violations are Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP) transmission errors that are detected in the incoming signal. Bit Interleaved Parity is a check at the receiving interface that groups all bits in a block into a unit (e.g., a byte), then veriÞes the block for parity for each bit position in the group by making sure that the number of bits set to the value Ô1Õ is either even or odd, as reported by the transmitting entity.

SONET Port Configuration

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Cabletron Systems CSX200, CSX400 manual Severely Errored Seconds, Severely Errored Framing Seconds, Code Violations
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CSX200, CSX400 specifications

Cabletron Systems was a leading developer of networking solutions, and its CSX400 and CSX200 series of high-performance switches represent some of the key innovations in the field of enterprise networking during their time. Both models were geared towards enhancing network reliability, efficiency, and speed, particularly in environments where heavy data traffic and complex networking demands were prevalent.

The CSX400, designed for larger enterprises, boasts a robust architecture capable of handling significant throughput. One of its standout features is its stackable design, allowing multiple switches to be interconnected and managed seamlessly as a single unit. This scalability provides organizations with the flexibility to expand their networks without significant infrastructure overhauls. The CSX400 supports various Ethernet standards, including 10/100 Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, positioning it to effectively manage both legacy and modern networking requirements.

In addition to its scalability, the CSX400 is distinguished by its advanced Layer 2 and Layer 3 routing capabilities. This dual-layer functionality enables efficient data handling and is instrumental in managing traffic between different network segments. Moreover, the switch incorporates features like VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) support and Quality of Service (QoS) prioritization, allowing for enhanced performance of critical applications and streamlined bandwidth allocation.

On the other hand, the CSX200 series is tailored for smaller enterprises or branch offices needing a reliable yet efficient networking solution. Despite its compact design, the CSX200 is equipped with essential features that promote effective network management and security. It offers a simplified management interface, making it user-friendly for network administrators. The switch also provides essential access control measures, employing technologies like IEEE 802.1X for network access security.

Both the CSX400 and CSX200 prioritize performance through the incorporation of advanced switching technologies. They support features such as Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), enabling loop-free topologies and enhanced network resilience. These attributes are particularly crucial in dynamic networking environments where downtime can have significant repercussions on business operations.

Overall, Cabletron Systems' CSX400 and CSX200 series represent a blend of scalability, advanced routing capabilities, and user-friendly management, making them vital assets for organizations looking to optimize their network infrastructure during a period of rapid technological evolution. With their rich feature sets and unwavering performance, these switches helped pave the way for modern networking solutions that cater to diverse enterprise needs.
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