Multiquip ST-45HRM manual ST-45 Pump General Information, Concrete Mix Design

ST-45 PUMP — GENERAL INFORMATION

Concrete Mix Design

Mix design is most important to achieve maximum pumpability. Pumpability is affected by, among other factors, the type and gradation of aggregate used. Natural aggregates make a more workable mix and pump more readily than crushed aggregates. A blend of natural and crushed aggregates will produce a workable mix.The type and gradation of aggregates is equally important for workability as the size and percentage of coarse aggregates in the mix.

The term “aggregates” describes all of the solid materials, from the largest rock to the smallest grain of sand, contained in the concrete mix.

Concrete mixes with a consistency as dry as one-inch slump and as wet as ten-inch slump have been pumped; but for maximum efficiency from the pump, a slump ranging from two to six inches will produce a more workable mix than one that contains more or less water.

The principle of concrete pumping is based on self-lubrication. As it moves through the transfer line, the concrete takes the shape of a plastic cylinder.It is forced through the transfer line on a film of mortar that is self-troweled to the service of the transfer line around its full periphery by the slug of concrete itself.

A slump rating should be used with discretion; it is not always a real indication of the pumpability of the mix.The concrete may be workable in the sense that it will readily flow into place, but the same mix may not respond to pressure. Overly wet mixes tend to separate. In addition to affecting the strength and quality of the concrete, the delivery system will not tolerate separation. Overly dry mixes are similarly unsatisfactory if they lack plasticity and tend to be crumbly.To be properly pumped, the mix must be able to continuously coat the inside of the line with a lubricating seal of mortar.

There are four ways in which this seal can be lost:

1.By pumping excessively wet mixes which do not have enough cohesion to hold together.

2.By pumping harsh undersanded concrete with poorly graded aggregates which can jam together when the pressure becomes too great for the insufficient amount of sand to hold the aggregates apart.

3.By getting a rock pocket, such as mixer tailings, into the pump valve.This rock pocket will have an insufficient coating of mortar and the mix will not be plastic enough to allow the valve to operate or the mix to move in the line.

4.Through excessive bleeding.If the mix is short or fines, but the sand is otherwise fairly well graded, bleeding will not normally create any problems as long as the pump continues operation. But, if the pump is shut down, bleeding can result in a loss of lubrication and blocked erratic flow.

The above are bad concrete practices, regardless of how the mix is to be placed. But, these points do show that special mixes are not always needed, within limits, for pumping concrete. Good aggregate gradation is most important to pump concrete the maximum distance.

The use of admixtures can have a beneficial effect on pumpability. Most of the dispersing agents will fatten, retard bleeding, and increase workability.Thus, the average concrete can be pumped for appreciably longer distances. Air entraining agents will also improve workability, although they cannot be used as a substitute for good gradation of the aggregate. Pumping will not appreciably affect the final air content of the mix. High-early cement tends to give a more readily pumpable mix with superior water retaining qualities. However, if delays are likely to occur, extra care must be exercised due to the faster setting time over regular cement.

The Mayco Model ST-45 will pump a wide variety of concrete pump mixes. But, there are guidelines that must be followed. Use this information in conjunction with the Operating Procedures (pages 24-28).

MAYCO ST-45HRM PUMP — OPERATION & PARTS MANUAL — REV. #4 (07/16/04) — PAGE 17