Appendix B

Security Association From the IPSEC point of view, an SA is a data structure that describes which transformation is to be applied to a datagram and how. The SA specifies:

The authentication algorithm for AH and ESP

The encryption algorithm for ESP

The encryption and authentication keys

Lifetime of encryption keys

The lifetime of the SA

Replay prevention sequence number and the replay bit table

An arbitrary 32-bit number called a Security Parameters Index (SPI), as well as the destination host’s address and the IPSEC protocol identi- fier, identify each SA. An SPI is assigned to an SA when the SA is nego- tiated. The SA can be referred to by using an SPI in AH and ESP transformations. SA is unidirectional. SAs are commonly setup as bun- dles, because typically two SAs are required for communications. SA management is always done on bundles (setup, delete, relay).

serial communication

Method of data transmission in which data bits are transmitted

 

sequentially over a communication channel

 

SHA-1

An implementation of the U.S. Government Secure Hash Algorithm; a

 

160-bit authentication algorithm.

 

SLIP

Serial Line Internet Protocol. Predecessor to PPP that allows communi-

 

cation over serial point-to-point connections running TCP/IP. Defined

 

in RFC 1055.

 

Soft MBytes

Setting the Soft MBytes parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec

 

Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Soft MByte value. The

 

value can be configured between 1 and 1,000,000 MB

and refers to data

 

traffic passed. If this value is not achieved, the Hard MBytes parameter

 

is enforced.

 

Soft Seconds

Setting the Soft Seconds parameter forces the renegotiation of the

 

IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Soft Seconds value.

 

The value can be configured between 60 and 1,000,000 seconds.

SPI

The Security Parameter Index is an identifier for the encryption and

 

authentication algorithm and key. The SPI indicates to the remote fire-

 

wall the algorithm and key being used to encrypt and authenticate a

 

packet. It should be a unique number greater than 255.

STATEFUL

The Cayman Gateway monitors and maintains the state of any network

 

transaction. In terms of network request-and-reply, state consists of

 

the source IP address, destination IP address, communication ports,

 

and data sequence. The Cayman Gateway processes the stream of a

 

network conversation, rather than just individual packets. It verifies

 

that packets are sent from and received by the proper IP addresses

 

along the proper communication ports in the correct order and that no

 

imposter packets interrupt the packet flow. Packet filtering monitors

 

only the ports involved, while the Cayman Gateway analyzes the con-

 

tinuous conversation stream, preventing session hijacking and denial

 

of service attacks.

 

static route

Route entered manually in a routing table.

 

subnet mask

A 32-bit address mask that identifies which bits of an IP address rep-

 

resent network address information and which bits represent node

 

identifier information.

 

synchronous

Method of data communication requiring the transmission of timing

communication

signals to keep PPP peers synchronized in sending and receiving

 

blocks of data.

 

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Netopia 6.3 manual SHA-1

6.3 specifications

Netopia 6.3 is a powerful software solution designed to enhance digital content management, online collaboration, and project workflow for businesses of all sizes. This version introduces a plethora of new features, technologies, and improvements that streamline processes and foster greater productivity.

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