Solaris 10 Container Guide
 Table of contents
 III
 Network limitation IPQoS
 Duplicating zones with zoneadm detach/attach and zfs clone
 Disclaimer
 VII
 Introduction
 Overview
Solaris Containers and Solaris Zones
 Ug Characteristics of Solaris 10 Zones
 Zones and software installation
Zones and security
Zones and privileges
 Fair share scheduler in a resource pool
Zones and resource management
CPU resources
Processor sets in a resource pool
 Network resource management IPQoS = IP Quality of Service
Memory resource management
User interfaces for zones
 Branded zones Linux and Solaris 8/Solaris 9 compatibility
Zones and high availability
 Solaris container cluster aka zone cluster
 Virtualization technologies compared
 Domains/physical partitions
App Server
 Dd Logical partitions
Logical partitions
 Dd Container Solaris zones in an OS
Containers Solaris zones in an OS
 Dd Consolidation in one computer
Consolidation in one computer
 Summary of virtualization technologies
 Physical Logical Resource Virtualisation Management
App
 Assessment
Solution
Grid computing with isolation
Requirement
 Small web servers
Global Zone System
 Dd Use case Multi-network consolidation
Multi-network consolidation
 Dd Use case Multi-network monitoring
Multi-network monitoring
 Dd Use case Multi-network backup
Multi-network backup
 Consolidation development/test/integration/production
 Dd Use case Consolidation of test systems
Consolidation of test systems
 Requirements
Training systems
 Dd Use case Server consolidation
Server consolidation
 Dd Use case Confidentiality of data and processes
Confidentiality of data and processes
 Dd Use case Developer test systems
Test systems for developers
 Solaris 8 and Solaris 9 containers for development
 Solaris 8 and Solaris 9 containers as revision systems
 Dd Use case Hosting for different companies on one computer
Hosting for several companies on one computer
 Da Use case SAP portals in Solaris containers
SAP portals in Solaris containers
 Da Live upgrade
Upgrade- and Patch-management in a virtual environment
 DC1 DC2
Flying zones Service-oriented Solaris server infrastructure
 Solaris Container Cluster aka zone cluster
 Whole-root zones
Concepts
Sparse-root zones
− /lib − /platform − /sbin − /usr
 Comparison between sparse-root zones and whole-root zones
Whole-root Var Usr
Platform ~3.6 GB Software in zones
 Software installation by the global zone usage in all zones
Software installations in Solaris and zones
 Installation by the local zone usage in the local zone
 Program/application storage
Data storage
 Root disk layout
Opt/staroffice
ZFS within a zone
 Options for using ZFS in local zones
Volume manager in local zones
NFS and local zones
 Ndd -set /dev/ip iprestrictinterzoneloopback
Network concepts Introduction into networks and zones
Network address management for zones
Shared IP instance and routing between zones
 Firewalls between zones IP filter
Exclusive IP instance
Plumb, snoop1M, dhcp5 or ipfilter5 is possible
Interface = InterfacenameInstance + VLAN-ID
 Ipmp
Zones and limitations in the network
 Dynamic configuration of devices
Static configuration of devices
 Projects
Separate name services in zones
Services
Hosts database
 Applications in local zones only
Paradigms
 Clustered containers
One application per zone
 Client
 Solaris Container Cluster
 Configuration and administration
 Automatic configuration of zones by script
Automated provisioning of services
Installation and administration of a branded zone
 Patching with live upgrade
Lifecycle management
Patching a system with local zones
 Patching with upgrade server
Patching with zoneadm attach -u
Moving zones between architectures sun4u/sun4v
 ∙ create /zones/zone1
Backup and recovery of zones
 Migration of a zone to another system
Backup of zones with ZFS
Using boot arguments in zones
Management and monitoring
 Auditing operations in the zone
Consolidating log information of zones
Monitoring zone workload
Extended accounting with zones
 Global# dtrace -n iostart@zonename = count
DTrace of processes within a zone
 General resource pools
Resource management
Types of resource management
Capping of CPU time for a zone
 Projects, projadd, projmod, projdel
Lightweight processes LWP
Fair share scheduler FSS
Fair share scheduler in a zone
 Limiting virtual memory
Limiting memory resources
Rcapstat
Assessing memory requirements for global and local zones
 Privileges and resource management
Limiting locked memory
Network limitation IPQoS
IPC limits Semaphore, shared memory, message queues
 Dd Planning a Solaris container
Solaris container navigator
 Dd Self-qualification of an application in a container
 4zonecfgbrand=native
 Installation and configuration
Configuration files
Dd File /etc/zones/index
 Command Description
Special commands for zones
 Command Description
 Metadb
Swap
Var
Var/crash
 Configuring a sparse root zone required Actions
 Configuring a whole root zone required Actions
 Zone initialization with sysidcfg
Zone installation
 Uninstalling a zone
 Optional settings
Starting zones automatically
Changing the set of privileges of a zone
 Storage within a zone
Using a device in a local zone
 Zone1# ls /dev/dsk C1d0s0
Local zone mounts a UFS file system from a device
 User level NFS server in a local zone
Using a DVD drive in the local zone
 Version 3.1-enSolaris 10 Container Guide 3.1 5. Cookbooks
 User attributes for ZFS within a zone
Several zones share a file system
ZFS in a zone
Tank 30.2M 10G 18K None Tank/zone1 16.3M 983M Mnt
 − zonecfg -z zone -f file
Configuring a zone by command file or template
Automatic quick installation of zones
With zonecfg -z zone export -f file of an existing zone
 Zones hardening
Accelerated automatic creation of zones on a ZFS file system
 Network interfaces for exclusive IP instances
Change network configuration for shared IP instances
Set default router for shared IP instance
Network
 Set interceptloopback
IP filter between shared IP zones on a system
 Implementation
IP filter between exclusive IP zones on a system
Zones, networks and routing
Global and local zone with shared network
 NetworkNetwork
 Zone 1 /etc/hostname.bge1 Zone 2 /etc/hostname.bge2
 Set defrouter=192.168.202.2
Zones in separate networks using the shared IP instance
Ifconfig bge1 plumb down
Zoneadm -z zone1 ready Zoneadm -z zone2 ready
 Zones in separate networks using exclusive IP instances
Zonecfg set ip-type=exclusive
Zone 1 /etc/hostname.bge1
 Zone2 192.168.202.1 are now active
 192.168.101.201
 Zone 1 /etc/hostname.bge1
 Zone1 192.168.201.1,192.168.200.1 and zone2192.168.202.1
 Zoneadm -z zone1 boot, zoneadm -z zone2 boot
 Zone 1 /etc/hostname.bge3 /etc/defaultrouter
 Load Balancer
 Booting a zone
Boot arguments in zones
Root password for system maintenance control-d to bypass
 Software installation per mount
 Software installation with provisioning system
Zone migration among systems
∙ Detach the zone with zoneadm -z zone detach
 Global# zoneadm -z test halt
Zone migration within a system
Global# zoneadm List -vc
Global Running Native Shared Test Export/home/zone/test
 Duplicating zones with zoneadm clone
Global Running Native Shared Test Installed Container/test
 100
ID Name Status Path Brand
 101
Duplicating zones with zoneadm detach/attach and zfs clone
 102
Moving a zone between a sun4u and a sun4v system
 103
 Lumount s10-807+1
Using live upgrade to patch a system with local zones
Shutting down a zone
Lucreate -c s10-807 -n s10-807+1 -m //dev/dsk/c1t0d0s4ufs
 105
Reboot Luactivate s10-807+1 init
 Zone audit
DTrace in a local zone
Zone1# dtrace -l tail +2 zone1#
Zone accounting
 Resource pools with processor sets
Limiting the /tmp-size within a zone
Swap Tmp Tmpfs Yes Size=250m
Limiting the CPU usage of a zone CPU capping
 108
 Dynamic resource pools for zones
Global # svcs dynamic
109
 110
Limiting the physical main memory consumption of a project
Implementing memory resource management for zones
Rcapadm -z zone1 -m 40m
 Global # prctl -i zone zone1 Zone 22 zone1
Zone.max-swap Privileged 180MB Deny System 16.0EB Max
111
 112
Solaris Container in OpenSolaris
OpenSolaris general
Ipkg-Branded zones
 Cookbook Configuring an ipkg zone
Cookbook Installing an ipkg zone
113
 114
References