Pentair 200 installation manual Chemical Balance, Pool and SPA Water

Section VI. Maintenance 32

CHEMICAL BALANCE

RULE: 7.4 to 7.6 is a desirable pH range. It is essential to maintain correct pH, see Table 15.

POOL AND SPA WATER

Your Pentair Pool Products pool heater was designed specifically for your spa or pool and will give you many years of trouble-free service, provided you keep your water chemistry in proper condition.

Three major items that can cause problems with your pool heater are: improper pH, disinfectant residual, and total alkalinity. These items, if not kept properly balanced, can shorten the life of the heater and cause permanent damage.

CAUTION

Heat exchanger damage resulting from chemical imbalance is not covered by the warranty.

WHAT A DISINFECTANT DOES

Two pool guests you do not want are algae and bacteria. To get rid of them and make pool water sanitary for swimming - as well as to improve the water's taste, odor and clarity - some sort of disinfectant must be used.

Chlorine and bromine are universally approved by health authorities and are accepted disinfecting agents for bacteria control.

WHAT IS A DISINFECTANT

RESIDUAL?

When you add chlorine or bromine to the pool water, a portion of the disinfectant will be consumed in the process of destroying bacteria, algae and other oxidizable materials. The disinfectant remaining is called chlorine residual or bromine residual. You can determine the disinfectant residual of your pool water with a reliable test kit, available from your local pool supply store.

You must maintain a disinfectant residual level adequate enough to assure a continuous kill of bacteria or virus introduced into pool water by swimmers, through the air, from dust, rain or other sources.

It is wise to test pool water regularly. Never allow chlorine residual to drop below 0.6 ppm (parts per million). The minimum level for effective chlorine or bromine residual is 1.4 ppm.

pH - The term pH refers to the acid/alkaline balance of water expressed on a numerical scale from 0 to 14. A test kit for measuring pH balance of your pool water is available from your local pool supply store; see Table 14.

Table 14.						pH Chart
Strongly Acid							Neutral				Strongly Alkaline
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14

Muriatic Acid has a pH of about 0. Pure water is 7 (neutral). Weak Lye solution have a pH of 13-14.

If pH becomes too high (over alkaline), it has these effects:

1.Greatly lowers the ability of chlorine to destroy bacteria and algae.

2.Water becomes cloudy.

3.There is more danger of scale formation on the plaster or in the heat exchanger tubing.

4.Filter elements may become blocked.

If pH is too low (over acid) the following conditions may occur:

1.Excessive eye burn or skin irritation.

2.Etching of the plaster.

3.Corrosion of metal fixtures in the filtration and recirculation system, which may create brown, blue, green, or sometimes almost black stains on the plaster.

4.Corrosion of copper tubes in the heater, which may cause leaks.

5.If you have a sand and gravel filter, the alum used as a filter aid may dissolve and pass through the filter.

CAUTION: Do not test for pH when the chlorine residual is 3.0 ppm or higher, or bromine residual is 6.0 ppm or higher. See your local pool supply store for help in properly balancing your water chemistry.

RULE: Chemicals that are acid lower pH. Chemicals that are alkaline raise pH.

Table 15.		pH Control Chart
6.8	7.0	7.2	7.4	7.6	7.8	8.0	8.2	8.4
Add Soda, Ash or		Marginal	Ideal		Marginal	Add Acid
Sodium Bicarbonate

ALKALINITY High or Low:

"Total alkalinity" is a measurement of the total amount of alkaline chemicals in the water, and control pH to a great degree. (It is not the same as pH which refers merely to the relative alkalinity/acidity balance.) Your pool water's total alkalinity should be 100 - 140 ppm to permit easier pH control.

A total alkalinity test is simple to perform with a reliable test kit. You will need to test about once a week and make proper adjustments until alkalinity is in the proper range. Then, test only once every month or so to be sure it is being maintained. See your local pool dealer for help in properly balancing the water chemistry.

P/N • Réf. 472090 Rev. G • Rév. G 5-27-04