Teledyne 3300TB operating instructions Electrochemical Reactions, Effect of Pressure

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Trace Oxygen Analyzer

Operational Theory 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

conductor connecting them, through some electrical circuitry, to one of the external contacts in the connector receptacle, which is on the top of the cell.

2.2.3 Electrochemical Reactions

The sample gas diffuses through the Teflon membrane. Any oxygen in the sample gas is reduced on the surface of the cathode by the following HALF REACTION:

O2 + 2H2O + 4e4OH

(cathode)

(Four electrons combine with one oxygen molecule—in the presence of water from the electrolyte—to produce four hydroxyl ions.)

When the oxygen is reduced at the cathode, lead is simultaneously oxidized at the anode by the following HALF REACTION:

2(Pb + 2OH)2(Pb+2 + H2O) + 4e

(anode)

(Two electrons are transferred for each atom of lead that is oxidized. TWO ANODE REACTIONS balance one cathode reaction to transfer four elec- trons.)

The electrons released at the surface of the anode flow to the cathode surface when an external electrical path is provided. The current is proportional to the amount of oxygen reaching the cathode. It is measured and used to determine the oxygen concentration in the gas mixture.

The overall reaction for the fuel cell is the SUM of the half reactions above,

or:

2Pb + O2 2PbO

(These reactions will hold as long as no gaseous components capable of oxidizing lead are present in the sample. The only likely components are the halogens—iodine,bromine,chlorineandfluorine.)

The output of the fuel cell is limited by (1) the amount of oxygen in the cell at the time and (2) the amount of stored anode material.

In the absence of oxygen, no current is generated.

2.2.4 The Effect of Pressure

In order to state the amount of oxygen present in the sample as a percent- age of the gas mixture, it is necessary that the sample diffuse into the cell under constant pressure.

If the pressure changes, the rate that oxygen reaches the cathode through the diffusing membrane will also increase. The electron transfer, and therefore the

Teledyne Analytical Instruments

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Contents Model 3300TB Copyright 1999 Teledyne Analytical Instruments Contents Appendix MaintenanceProtective Earth Combustible GAS Usage Warning Introduction Overview Main Features of the AnalyzerTrace Oxygen Analyzer Introduction Front Panel Description Set AlarmIntroduction Model 3300TB Rear Panel Rear Panel DescriptionRS-232 Port Analog OutputsMicro-Fuel Cell Sensor Operational Theory IntroductionTrace Oxygen Analyzer Operational Theory Principles of OperationAnatomy of a Micro-Fuel Cell Operational Theory Model 3300TBEffect of Pressure Electrochemical ReactionsCharacteristic Input/Output Curve for a Micro-Fuel Cell Calibration CharacteristicsElectronics Signal ProcessingGeneral Operational Theory Model 3300TB Trace Oxygen Analyzer Installation InstallationUnpacking the Analyzer Control Unit Installation Installation Model 3300TBInstalling the Micro-Fuel Cell / Cell Block Orientation Location and MountingElectrical Connections Electrical Connectors for AC Control UnitContact ID for Failsafe Relay Operation Alarm #2 Alarm #1Gas Connections Sensor FailPiping Diagram for Vacuum Service Option Installation Model 3300TB Vacuum Service OptionInstallation Checklist Installation Model 3300TB Trace Oxygen Analyzer Operation Operation IntroductionSetting the Analysis Ranges Using the Function and Data Entry ButtonsOperation Model 3300TB Set Alarm Setting the Alarm SetpointsTrace Oxygen Analyzer Operation HI Range LO RangeSensor Fail Alarm Calibration Selecting a Fixed Range or AutorangingSupplementary Information Displaying Percent & PPM on the LED DisplayOperation Model 3300 TB Trace Oxygen Analyzer Maintenance MaintenanceRemove Power to Unit before replacing the fuse Replacing the FuseMaintenance Model 3300TB Sensor Installation or ReplacementWhen to Replace a Sensor Ordering and Handling of Spare SensorsExploded View of MFC and Cell Block Removing the Micro-Fuel CellDisconnect the Power Source from the Control Unit Installing a Micro-Fuel CellCell Warranty Conditions Trace Oxygen Analyzer Maintenance Maintenance Model 3300TB Trace Oxygen Analyzer Appendix Appendix SpecificationsAppendix Model 3300TB Spare Parts ListMiscellaneous Reference DrawingAppendix Model 3300TB Material Safety Data Sheet Primary route of entry Signs/symptoms of exposureExposure limits Osha PEL Effects of overexposure IngestionDisposal Protective measures