Hearth and Home Technologies C-40 Wood Fuel Hardwood vs. Softwood, Moisture content, Seasoning

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CAUTION

ALL wiring should be done by a qualified electrician and shall be in compliance with local codes and with the National Electric Code NFPA/NEC No. 70-current (in the United States), or with the current CSC22.1 Canadian Electric Code (in Canada).

I. Wood Fuel

Hardwood vs. Softwood

Your fireplace’s performance depends a great deal on the quality of the firewood you use. Contrary to popular belief, one species of wood varies very little to the other in terms of energy content. All seasoned wood, regardless of species, contains about 8,000 BTU’s per pound. The important factor is that hardwoods have a greater density than softwoods. Therefore, a piece of hardwood will con- tain about 60% more BTU’s than an equal size piece of softwood. Since firewood is commonly sold by the cord (128 cu. ft) a volume measurement, a cord of seasoned oak (hardwood) would contain about 60% more potential energy than a cord of seasoned pine (softwood).

There are many definitions of hardwood and softwood. Although not true in every case, one of the most reli- able is to classify them as coniferous or deciduous. Softwoods are considered coniferous. These are trees with needle-like leaves that stay green all year and carry their seeds exposed in a cone. Examples of softwood trees are Douglas fir, pine, spruce and cedar. Softwoods, being more porous, require less time to dry, burn faster and are easier to ignite than hardwoods. Deciduous trees are broadleaf trees that lose their leaves in the fall. Their seeds are usually found within a protective pod or enclosure. Hardwoods fall into this category. Some examples of deciduous trees are oak, maple, apple, and birch. However, it should be noted that there are some deciduous trees that are definitely not considered hardwoods such as poplar, aspen and alder. Hardwoods require more time to season, burn slower and are usually harder to ignite than softwoods. Obviously, you will use the type of wood that is most readily available in your area. However, if at all possible the best arrangement is to have a mix of softwood and hardwood. This way you can use the softwood for starting the fire giving off quick heat to bring the appliance up to operating temperature. Then add the hardwood for slow, even heat and longer burn time.

Moisture content

Regardless of which species of wood you burn, the single most important factor that affects the way your fireplace operates is the amount of moisture in the wood. The majority of the problems fireplace owners experience are caused by trying to burn wet, unseasoned wood. Freshly cut wood can be as much water as it is wood, having a moisture content of around 50%. Imagine a wooden bucket that weighs about 8 pounds. Fill it with a gallon of water, put it in the firebox and try to burn it. This sounds ridiculous but that is exactly what you are doing if you burn unseasoned wood. Dead wood lying on the forest floor should be considered wet, and requires full seasoning time. Standing dead wood can be considered to be about two-thirds seasoned, if cut at the dry time of the year.

The problems with burning wet, unseasoned wood are two fold. First, you will receive less heat output from wet wood because it requires energy in the form of heat to evaporate the water trapped inside. This is wasted energy that should be used for heating your home. Secondly, this moisture evaporates in the form of steam which has a cooling effect in your firebox and chimney system. When combined with tar and other organic vapors from burn- ing wood it will form creosote which condenses in the relatively cool firebox and chimney. See the maintenance section of this manual for more information regarding creosote formation and need for removal.

Even dry wood contains at least 15% moisture by weight, and should be burned hot enough to keep the chimney hot for as long as it takes to dry the wood out - about one hour. To tell if wood is dry enough to burn, check the ends of the logs. If there are cracks radiating in all directions from the center, it is dry. If your wood sizzles in the fire, even though the surface is dry, it may not be fully cured.

Seasoning

Seasoned firewood is nothing more than wood that is cut to size, split and air dried to a moisture content of around 20%. The time it takes to season wood varies from around nine months for soft woods to as long as eighteen months for hardwoods. The key to seasoning wood is to be sure it has been split, exposing the wet interior and increasing the surface area of each piece. A tree that was cut down a year ago and not split is likely to have almost as high a moisture content now as it did when it was cut.

November 11, 2008

Heatilator • Constitution EPA Fireplace • 480-1091C

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Contents Fire Risk Installation and OperationHot glass will cause burns Serial No Model Name Test Lab Report No Manufactured Date Listing Label Information/LocationTable of Contents Mobile Home Approved Listing and Code ApprovalsAppliance Certification BTU & Efficiency Specifications Glass SpecificationsAsphyxiation Risk Design and Installation ConsiderationsGetting Started Negative PressureNovember 11 Heatilator Constitution EPA Fireplace 480-1091C Typical Fireplace System Typical Fireplace SystemFire Risk Explosion Risk Tools and Supplies NeededInspect Fireplace and Components Model Constitution Framing and ClearancesSelecting Fireplace Location Clearances to Combustible Materials ClearancesNon-Combustible Materials Frame the FireplaceMinimum Clearances to Combustibles Optional Framing Construction / Reduced Mantel HeightSuggestions Electrical Access and Wiring DiagramMaterials Construct the ChaseInstall the Outside Air Kit Installation of FireplaceHandle Right Open Fire Risk Asphyxiation RiskRisk of Smoke Spillage Handle Left ClosedPlace the Protective Metal Hearth Strips Secure the FireplacePosition the Fireplace Position the Protective Metal Hearth Strips Level the FireplaceChimney Assembly Chimney Termination Requirements Chimney RequirementsExample Using Offsets/ReturnsAssembling Chimney Sections for the SL- 300 Series Installing CAK4A and Flex PipeAssemble the Chimney Sections Installing Flex Pipe Install the Ceiling FirestopsSecure the Chimney Install the Attic Insulation ShieldDouble-check the Chimney Assembly Slanted Roofs Complete the EnclosureChimney Termination 2-10-3 Rule Chimney Termination Requirements See Figures 25.1Cut Out the Hole in the Roof Install the Roof FlashingInstall the Chimney Air Kit required in Canada Mark the Exit Point of the RoofConsult local codes for framing details SL-300 Series Ceiling/Roof ThimbleChase Top Framing Install the Termination CapChase Top ‑1/2 in mm below the chase top. See Figure Shock Risk AccessoriesFan Replacement Fan Replacement InstructionsDoor and Door Gasket Baffle Removal and InstallationMinimum Clearance to Combustibles Heat Zone Kit20 ft 3 6m 10 ft 1 3m No cut needed Run Length Cut Pipe Ft 6-12m4 wall Timer Assembly Timer Assembly ReplacementRemove & Replace Timer Timer Override Lever Manual Timer OverrideCalculating Alternate Floor Protection Material FinishingHearth Extension Positioning the Protective Metal Hearth Strips Model # Constitution 1041 508Fascia Outer Tile or Marble Combustible Can Flange Floor Position the Hearth Extension Finishing Material Risk of Fire Non-Combustible Facing Material InstallationMantel Mantel SpecificationsGeneral Information Symptoms of Over-FiringOperating Instructions Over-Firing Your ApplianceKeep open during use Outside AirFan Operation Clear Space Near the FireplaceFirescreen Glass DoorsSeasoning Moisture contentWood Fuel Hardwood vs. Softwood Starting a Fire Storing WoodFire Risk Incorrect Positions Correct Baffle & Blanket PlacementAutomatic Combustion Control ACC Burning ProcessBurn Rate BTU / Hr Slide Air Control Burning GuidelinesBurn Rates OpacityChimney Fire Fire SafetyDraft Problems TroubleshootingUnderstanding Vent Problems Factory-built Fireplaces Troubleshooting Diagnostic Question Possible Causes of Condition Solutions Diagnostics and Problem SolvingDon’t get enough/any heat. What can I do about it? Creosote Chimney Cleaning Maintenance and Servicing the FireplaceGeneral Maintenance CleanFire Risk Injury Risk Glass ReplacementGlass Cleaning Disposal of AshesFirebrick Replacement Inspect Maintenance Tasks Care and Cleaning of Plated SurfacesMaintenance Task List Date of Service Performed By Description of Service Service & Maintenance LogConstitution Fireplace DimensionsReference Materials Chimney Components 15-3/4 NorthStar Fireplace Diagram Parts DiagramEnding Manufacturing Date Service PartsConstitution FP Beginning Manufacturing DateDescription Comments Serial Number Date SL1This page intentionally left blank CONDITIONS, Exclusions & Limitation of Liability Warranty Policy Hearth & Home Technologies Limited WarrantyHearth & Home Technologies Limited Warranty Cont’d Do not Discard this Manual Contact Information

C-40 specifications

Hearth and Home Technologies (HHT) has long been known for its commitment to innovation and quality in the heating and home comfort industry. One of their standout offerings is the C-40, a versatile and efficient gas fireplace that embodies the brand’s dedication to modern aesthetics and advanced technology. This fireplace is designed to not only provide warmth but also enhance the ambiance of any living space.

The C-40 features a sleek, contemporary design that can seamlessly fit into various interior styles. Its clean lines and minimalist frame allow it to serve as a stylish focal point in a room, while offering the functionality and performance that homeowners expect from a high-quality gas fireplace. The unit is available in various configurations, including built-in and wall-mounted options, allowing for flexibility in installation and design.

One of the most notable features of the C-40 is its impressive heat output. With the ability to deliver efficient and evenly distributed warmth, this gas fireplace can effectively heat spaces of various sizes, making it an excellent choice for both small and large rooms. The adjustable flame height feature further enhances the user experience, allowing homeowners to customize their heating preference and create the perfect atmosphere for any occasion.

The C-40 is equipped with cutting-edge technologies, including electronic ignition and a remote control system, making it convenient and easy to use. The electronic ignition ensures quick and reliable startup, while the remote control allows for effortless temperature and flame adjustment from anywhere in the room. This added convenience is a significant benefit for those who value comfort and ease of operation.

Additionally, the C-40 incorporates advanced safety features, such as an automatic shut-off and a secure glass front, providing peace of mind for families. The glass front not only enhances safety but also serves to display the mesmerizing flames beautifully, allowing everyone to enjoy its warmth and glow.

In summary, Hearth and Home Technologies’ C-40 is a prime example of combining stylish design with modern technology and efficiency. Its exceptional heat output, customizable features, and advanced safety measures make it a standout choice for homeowners looking to enhance their living spaces with a dependable gas fireplace. Whether for cozy family gatherings or quiet evenings at home, the C-40 offers both aesthetic appeal and functional excellence, ensuring it remains a popular choice in contemporary home design.