Hardware Reference

3.5.2Interrupt and IDSEL Routing

Table 3-6.

Secondary PCI Bus Interrupt and IDSEL Routing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Connector

IDSEL

INTA#

INTB#

INTC#

INTD#

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

J11

SAD16

SINTA#

SINTB#

SINTC#

SINTD#

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

J12

SAD17

SINTB#

SINTC#

SINTD#

SINTA#

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

J13

SAD18

SINTC#

SINTD#

SINTA#

SINTB#

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

J14

SAD19

SINTD#

SINTA#

SINTB#

SINTC#

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.6Battery Backup

Battery backup is provided to save any information in SDRAM during a power failure. The IQ80960RM/RN platform contains four AA NiCd batteries, a charging circuit and a regulator circuit. The batteries installed in the IQ80960RM/RN platform are rated at 600 mA/Hr.

SDRAM technology provides a simple way of enabling data preservation though the self-refresh command. When the processor receives an active Primary PCI reset it will issue the self-refresh command and drive the SCKE signals low. Upon seeing this condition a PAL on the IQ80960RM/RN platform will hold SCKE low before the processor loses power. The batteries will maintain power to the SDRAM and the PAL to ensure self-refresh mode. When the PAL sees PRST# returning to inactive state the PAL will release the hold on SCKE.

The battery circuit can be disabled by removing the batteries. LED CR4 indicates when the SDRAMs have sufficient power. If the batteries remain in the evaluation platform when it is depowered and/or removed from the chassis, the batteries will maintain the SDRAM for approximately 30 hours. Once power is again applied, the batteries will be fully charged in about four hours.

3.7Loss of Fan Detect

The i960 RM/RN I/O processor can be cooled by an active heat sink mounted on top. The fan provides a square wave output that is monitored by a comparator circuit on the IQ80960RM/RN platform. The frequency of the fan output is approximately 9K RPM. If the frequency falls below approximately 8K RPM the circuit will provide an interrupt to the processor. This is an evaluation board feature intended as an example of system hardware monitoring, since the IQ80960RM/RN platform does not ship with a heatsink.

Note: When using a passive heat sink, the processor never sees an interrupt from not having a fan.

IQ80960RM/RN Evaluation Board Manual

3-5

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Intel IQ80960RM, RN manual Battery Backup, Loss of Fan Detect, Interrupt and Idsel Routing

RN, IQ80960RM specifications

The Intel IQ80960RM and RN are part of the Intel i960 family of microprocessors, which were specifically designed for embedded applications in real-time computing environments. Introduced in the early 1990s, these processors were aimed at providing high-performance processing capabilities in industrial, telecommunications, and military systems.

One of the key features of the IQ80960RM and RN is their ability to support a 32-bit architecture, delivering a significant performance advantage over 16-bit and earlier processors. This architecture enables the execution of complex algorithms and the management of large amounts of data, making these microprocessors suitable for demanding applications.

The i960 family is built around a superscalar architecture, allowing multiple instructions to be completed in a single clock cycle. This is achieved through advanced instruction pipelining, which significantly boosts throughput and overall computational speed. The IQ80960RM and RN also included features like branch prediction and out-of-order execution, enhancing efficiency and reducing latency in real-time applications.

Memory management capabilities are another strong point of the IQ80960RM and RN. They support both virtual and physical memory addressing, enabling sophisticated memory management strategies. Their integrated memory management unit (MMU) allows for easier and more effective memory allocation, critical for real-time operating systems that require precise timing and resource management.

Furthermore, these processors are designed with an extensive instruction set architecture (ISA), which supports a wide range of operations, including digital signal processing (DSP) tasks. This versatility allows them to be utilized in various applications, from automotive systems to robotics, where reliable performance is paramount.

The thermal performance and power efficiency of the IQ80960RM and RN has also been a notable characteristic. With operational capabilities across various temperature ranges, these chips are well-suited for harsh environments often found in industrial settings.

In terms of connectivity, the IQ80960 series supports multiple I/O interfaces and communication protocols, ensuring that they can integrate seamlessly with other components and systems. This flexibility enhances their usability in networked applications, particularly in embedded systems.

Overall, the Intel IQ80960RM and RN processors represent a significant step forward in embedded processor technology, characterized by their robust performance, advanced features, and ability to meet the stringent demands of real-time applications across various industries.