Panasonic DMR-ES16 warranty Troubleshooting guide/Product Service/Glossary

Glossary

Bitstream

This is the digital form of multi-channel audio data (e.g., 5.1 channel) before it is decoded into its various channels.

CPRM (Content Protection for Recordable Media)

CPRM is technology used to protect broadcasts that are allowed to be recorded only once. Such broadcasts can be recorded only with CPRM compatible recorders and discs.

DivX

A video compression format developed by DivX, Inc. that compresses video files without any considerable loss of video quality.

Dolby Digital

This is a method of coding digital signals developed by Dolby Laboratories. Apart from stereo (2-channel) audio, these signals can also be multi-channel audio. A large amount of audio information can be recorded on one disc using this method.

Down-mixing

This is the process of remixing the multi-channel audio found on some discs into two channels for stereo output. It is useful when you want to listen to the 5.1- channel audio recorded on DVDs through your television’s speakers. Some discs prohibit down-mixing and this unit can then only output the front two channels.

DTS (Digital Theater Systems)

This surround system is used in many movie theaters. There is good separation between the channels, so realistic sound effects are possible.

Dynamic range

Dynamic range is the difference between the lowest level of sound that can be heard above the noise of the equipment and the highest level of sound before distortion occurs. Dynamic range compression means reducing the gap between the loudest and softest sounds. This means you can listen at low volumes but still hear dialog clearly.

Film and video

DVD-Videos are recorded using either film or video. This unit can determine which type has been used, then uses the most suitable method of progressive output.

Film:

Recorded at 24 or 30 frames per second. Generally appropriate for motion picture films.

Video:

Recorded at 30 frames/60 fields per second. Generally appropriate for TV drama programs or animation.

Finalize

A process that makes play of a recorded CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, etc. possible on equipment that can play such media. You can finalize DVD- R, DVD-R DL, DVD-RW (DVD-Video format), +R or +R DL on this unit. After finalizing, the disc becomes play-only and you can no longer record or edit. However, finalized DVD-RW can be formatted to become recordable.

Formatting

Formatting is the process of making media such as DVD-RAM recordable on recording equipment.

You can format DVD-RAM, DVD-RW (only as DVD-Video format), +R, +R DL or +RW on this unit.

When you use a new DVD-RW, +R, +R DL or +RW, it must be formatted. Formatting irrevocably deletes all contents.

Frames and fields

Frames refer to the single images that constitute the video you see on your television. Each frame consists of two fields.

	=	+
Frame	Field	Field

•A frame still shows two fields, so there may be some blurring, but picture quality is generally better.

•A field still shows less picture information so it may be rougher, but there is no blurring.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

This is a system used for compressing/decoding color still pictures. If you select JPEG as the storage system on digital cameras, etc., the data will be compressed to 1/10–1/100 of its original size. The feature of JPEG is less deterioration in picture quality considering the degree of compression.

MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)

An audio compression method that compresses audio to approximately one tenth of its size without any considerable loss of audio quality. You can play MP3 you have recorded onto CD-R and CD-RW.

Pan & Scan/Letterbox

In general, DVD-Video are produced with the intention that they be viewed on a widescreen television (16:9 aspect ratio), so images often don’t fit regular (4:3 aspect ratio) televisions. Two styles of picture, “Pan & Scan” and “Letterbox”, deal with this problem.

Pan & Scan: The sides are cut off so the picture fills the screen.

Letterbox: Black bands appear at the top and bottom of the picture so the picture itself appears in an aspect ratio of 16:9.

Playback control (PBC)

If a Video CD has playback control, you can select scenes and information with menus.

(This unit is compatible with version 2.0 and 1.1.)

Progressive/Interlace

NTSC, the video signal standard, has 480 interlaced (i) scan lines, whereas progressive scanning uses twice the number of scan lines. This is called 480p.

Using progressive output, you can enjoy the high-resolution video recorded on media such as DVD-Video. Your television must be compatible to enjoy progressive video.

Protection

You can prevent accidental deletion by setting writing protection or deletion protection.

Sampling frequency

Sampling is the process of converting the heights of sound wave (analog signal) samples taken at set periods into digits (digital encoding). Sampling frequency is the number of samples taken per second, so larger numbers mean more faithful reproduction of the original sound.

Thumbnail

This refers to a miniature representation of a picture used to display multiple pictures in the form of a list.

TIFF (Tag Image File Format)

This is a system used for compressing/decoding color still pictures. A common format for storing high quality images on digital cameras and other devices.

Troubleshooting guide/Product Service/Glossary

Language code list Enter the code with the numbered buttons.

Abkhazian: 6566

Afar: 6565

Afrikaans: 6570

Albanian: 8381

Ameharic: 6577

Arabic: 6582

Armenian: 7289

Assamese: 6583

Aymara: 6589

Azerbaijani: 6590

Bashkir: 6665

Basque: 6985

Bengali; Bangla:

6678

Bhutani: 6890

Bihari: 6672

Breton: 6682

Bulgarian: 6671

Burmese: 7789

Byelorussian: 6669

Cambodian: 7577

Catalan: 6765

Chinese: 9072

Corsican: 6779

Croatian: 7282

Czech: 6783

Danish: 6865

Dutch: 7876

English: 6978

Esperanto: 6979

Estonian: 6984

Faroese: 7079

Fiji:7074

Finnish: 7073

French: 7082

Frisian: 7089

Galician: 7176

Georgian: 7565

German: 6869

Greek: 6976

Greenlandic: 7576

Guarani: 7178

Gujarati: 7185

Hausa: 7265

Hebrew: 7387

Hindi: 7273

Hungarian: 7285

Icelandic: 7383

Indonesian: 7378

Interlingua: 7365

Irish: 7165

Italian: 7384

Japanese: 7465

Javanese: 7487

Kannada: 7578

Kashmiri: 7583

Kazakh: 7575

Kirghiz: 7589

Korean: 7579

Kurdish: 7585

Laotian: 7679

Latin: 7665

Latvian, Lettish:

7686

Lingala: 7678

Lithuanian: 7684

Macedonian: 7775

Malagasy: 7771

Malay: 7783

Malayalam: 7776

Maltese: 7784

Maori: 7773

Marathi: 7782

Moldavian: 7779

Mongolian: 7778

Nauru: 7865

Nepali: 7869

Norwegian: 7879

Oriya: 7982

Pashto, Pushto:

8083

Persian: 7065

Polish: 8076

Portuguese: 8084

Punjabi: 8065

Quechua: 8185

Rhaeto-Romance:

8277

Romanian: 8279

Russian: 8285

Samoan: 8377

Sanskrit: 8365

Scots Gaelic: 7168

Serbian: 8382

Serbo-Croatian:

8372

Shona: 8378

Sindhi: 8368

Singhalese: 8373

Slovak: 8375

Slovenian: 8376

Somali: 8379

Spanish: 6983

Sundanese: 8385

Swahili: 8387

Swedish: 8386

Tagalog: 8476

Tajik: 8471

Tamil: 8465

Tatar: 8484

Telugu: 8469

Thai: 8472

Tibetan: 6679

Tigrinya: 8473

Tonga: 8479

Turkish: 8482

Turkmen: 8475

Twi:8487

Ukrainian: 8575

Urdu: 8582

Uzbek: 8590

Vietnamese: 8673

Volapük: 8679

Welsh: 6789

Wolof: 8779

Xhosa: 8872

Yiddish: 7473

Yoruba: 8979

Zulu: 9085

RQT8950

45