ZyWALL 10 Internet Security Gateway

Name Resolution

NAT

same as your Ethernet address.) The MAC layer frames data for transmission over the network, then passes the frame to the physical layer interface where it is transmitted as a stream of bits.

The allocation of an IP address to a host name. See DNS

Network Address Translation is the translation of an Internet Protocol address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network - see also SUA.

NDIS

 

Network Driver Interface Specification is a Windows specification for how

 

 

communication protocol programs (such as TCP/IP) and network device drivers should

 

 

communicate with each other.

NetBIOS

Network

Network Basic Input / Output System. NetBIOS is an extension of the DOS BIOS that enables a PC to connect to and communicate with a LAN.

Any time you connect 2 or more computers together so that they can share resources, you have a computer network. Connect 2 or more networks together and you have an internet.

NIC

 

Network Interface Card. A board that provides network communication capabilities to

 

 

and from a computer system. Also called an adapter.

 

 

 

Node

PAC

Packet Filter

PAP

Any single computer connected to a network

The box that calls/answers the phone call and relays the PPP frames to the PNS. A PAC must have IP and dial-up capability.

A filter that scans packets and decides whether to let them through.

Password Authentication Protocol PAP is a security protocol that requires users to enter a password before accessing a secure system. The user’s name and password are sent over the wire to a server, where they are compared with a database of user account names and passwords. This technique is vulnerable to wiretapping (eavesdropping) because the password can be captured and used by someone to log onto the system.

Password Cracker

 

A program that uses a dictionary of words, phrases, names, etc. to guess a password.

 

 

 

Password

 

A system of encrypting electronic files using a single key or password. Anyone who

encryption

 

knows the password can decrypt the file.

 

 

 

Password

 

The encrypted password is not visible in the password file but stored in a shadow file

Shadowing

 

that is only readable by root. This prevents brute force attacks on the encrypted field to

 

 

guess the password. see e.g.: http://whatis.com/shadowpa.htm

 

 

 

Penetration

 

Gaining access to computers or networks by bypassing security programs and

 

 

passwords.

 

 

 

Phreaking

 

Breaking into phone or other communication systems. Phreaking sites on the Internet

 

 

are popular among crackers and other criminals

 

 

 

Ping Attack

 

An attack that slows down the network until it is unusable. The attacker sends a "ping"

 

 

command to the network repeatedly to slow it down. See also Denial of Service.

 

 

 

Pirate

 

Someone who steals or distributes software without paying the legitimate owner for it.

Glossary of Terms

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