Intel 9800758-02 manual Chapter Introduction to BASIC-80, Invoking BASIC-80

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO BASIC-80

BASIC-SO is Intel's implementation of disk extended BASIC for Intellec and Intellec Series II Microcomputer Development Systems, which use the Intel Systems Im- plementation Supervisor (ISIS-II), and for Intel Single Board Computers, which use Intel's Real-Time Multitasking Executive (RMX/SO). It offers a quick method of applying the computational and input!output capabilities of the microcomputer development system to a wide range of business, information handling, numeric analysis, and data processing applications.

BASIC-SO can be used with either the ISIS-II or RMX/SO operating systems. Re- quirements for ISIS-II BASIC-80 include an Intellec Microcomputer Development System with at least 4SK of memory space, and one disk drive. RMX/SO BASIC-SO requirements, both hardware and software, are described in Appendix F of this manual.

BASIC-SO includes 21 commands, 39 statements, 4S functions, a line-editing capability, and full disk I/O (both sequential and random access). In addition, user- written functions can be defined, and up to 25 subroutines can be written in other Intel-supported languages (FORTRAN-SO, PL/M-SO, and SOSO/SOS5 assembly language) and called from BASIC-SO.

Intel integer, single-precision floating-point, and double-precision floating-point arithmetic standards are all supported, offering flexible combinations of processing speed and accuracy (up to 16 digits in the range ± 2.2 x -308to ± 1.S x 10308 ) . Arrays can have virtually as many dimensions as needed; the only limit on the number of dimensions that can be specified is the 255-character program statement length.

Hexadecimal and octal integer representation, combined with bitwise Boolean logical operators, make sophisticated mask operations easy. A full range of string functions is available to provide flexibility in manipulating character data.

The disk I/O features include not only the ability to read from and write to disk files, but also the ability to create, rename, change the attributes of, delete, and list the directory of disk files without returning to the operating system.

BASIC-SO requires an Intellec or Intellec Series II microcomputer development system with at least 4SK RAM and ISIS-II operating system (version 3.4 or later).

Operating System Interface

You can invoke BASIC-SO from ISIS-II, or configure RMX-SO BASIC-SO in PROM for boot loading upon restart. Once BASIC is running, you have access to many of the disk file-handling functions as well as the ability to load and save programs.

Invoking BASIC-80

Once you configure RMX/SO BASIC-SO, you will always enter BASIC-SO upon restart.

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Contents BASIC-SO Reference Manual A108/0979/7500 FL Preface Page Contents Illustrations Invoking BASIC-80 Chapter Introduction to BASIC-80Filename ExamplesIntroduction to BASIC-80 Basic filename MEMTOPaddressDeleting a File Listing the Directory of a DiskRenaming a File Changing File AttributesSave LP ,A You can now run, list, or edit the programStatements CommandsBASIC-80 Statements BASIC-80 Commands ContdBASIC-80 Functions BASIC-80 Statements ContdBASIC-80 Functions Contd Functions Representing DataHexadecimal Integer Constants ConstantsInteger Constants Decimal Integer ConstantsSingle-Precision Floating-Point Constants Octal Integer ConstantsDouble-Precision Floating-Point Constants $ = Enter next data string String ConstantsString Variables This is a string constantYI,1 L4! = Csng l4String Arrays BASIC-SO Operators in Order of Precedence Contd Arithmetic OperatorsString Expressions Logical OperatorsString Operator Numeric ExpressionsEntering and Editing Programs 30 A--=8xx*522537 Control-R a = 8*37 30 A=8*5230 A=8 30 A=8*52 30 A=8*37If AB then SubcommandCommand 3D press 3, then D results Integer DIf AB then 120 Else Null SET At this point, the other editing subcommands may be used Syntax of the X subcommand isPrint Undefined SET. Enter a L Print Undefined SET The E subcommand is enteredInteger C character character Move the cursor to PRINT. Enter 2C RE LSyntax Error Messages BASIC-80 Error MessagesOverflow, Underflow, and Divide-by-Zero Error Trapping Trace Facility If line 40 is replaced with Error SimulationError Handling Restarting Program ExecutionOpen 1,#1,F1DATES Opening a Sequential FileIf executed four times, it would read all eight values Refer to for further details of Print UsingWriting to a Sequential File Reading from a Sequential FileValue of R$ would be Closing a Sequential FileDefining a Random 1/0 Field-FIELD BuffersField #3, 20 AS N$ Field #3, 20 AS N$, 9 AS SS$ Disk File Input/OutputTo read the next record Opening and Closing a Random Disk FileReading from a Random 1/0 File Any of the parameters can be variablesDouble-precision value Writing to a Random 1/0 FileInteger Single-precision valueMKI$ Clear expression,address Attrib Fdrive numberfilename, W1Attrib Fdrive numberfilename, WO Auto first lineJ, incrementClose Commands and StatementsRules for function name are the same as for variable name DEF FNXDefsng Defdbl Defstr Defint Delete DIMEND ErrorDIR EditFOR-NEXT-STEP Error expressionExit FieldGET I file number ,record number GETGosub For variable=expression to expression Step expressionInput IF-THEN-ELSEGoto List KillLET Line InputLoad LSET, RsetNEW Merge9 16 NextOn ... Goto On ... GosubOpen OUT Option BasePoke Print Print UsingString Fields If X$=SEVEN and Y$=EIGHT, the results of line 40 would be Numeric fieldsPUT PrunRead RandomizeREM Return Resume60 END SaveRUN line numberlstring expression ,F Line number RUN filename? 5,8,2 TRON, TroffWidth WaitATN ABSCint CHR$Functions AO/o = CsngCVI CVS 10 A# = 1.00/3.00EOF DskfOk· FIXINP HexsInputs Instr INTLEFT$ LOG LENLOC LOFMKI$ MKS$ MKD$ MID$OCT$ RIGHT$ string,integer RightsPeek expression POS integer10 a =1 SGNSIN SpacesSQRexpression SPCSPC integer If A$ = 2 then Print Correct Else GotoTAB expression STR$ expressionTAN expression 60 AO/o = Here is an example of how the USRn statement is usedTable A-I. BASIC-80 Error Codes Appendix a BASIC-SO Error CodesTable A-I. BASIC-SO Error Codes Contd Appendix B BASIC-SO Reserved Words Page To resume program execution after it is stopped by To halt program execution and return to commandLevel To tab across the linePage Appendix D Ascii Codes Table D-l. Ascii Code ListBEL Table D-2. Ascii Code DefinitionAppendixe Calling Subroutines Figure B-1. Internal Representation of Numbers and Strings RESULT=USR%1VARPTRA, VARPTRB, VARPTRC» PRINTA+B+C= Result Some Real ExamplesFigure E-2 /8085 Assembly Language Program Figure E-3. PL/M-80 Program Appendix F RMX/SO BASIC-SO ISIS-II BASIC-SO Initializing the Predefined RMX/SO BASIC-SO ConfigurationOOOOH-OFFFH Table F-l. Sample Configuration Jumper WiringBASIC-80 Executable Files Generating Boot-Loaded and PROM-Based VersionsBASIC-80 Source Files BASIC-80 Object FilesGenerating a Boot-Loaded RMX/80 BASIC-80 This option enables your user-written I/O drivers if you That are not boot loadedThis option is used to allocate memory. It is 1 if the boot Setting baud rates, refer to the RMX/SO Users GuideISBC 80/20-4 Generating a PROM-Based RMX/80 BASIC-80 Prom F1 RMX820.L1BSTART, & FOBASCM.OBJ,& FORMXBAS.LlB F1 DFSDIR. L1BDIRECTORY ,RENAM E,& F1 MTI810.L1B ISBC SO/10 System Clock Configuring DFS on an iSBC 80/10Adding BASIC-SO to an Existing RMX/SO Configuration Configuration RequirementsPublic Variables Open 0,#1, L1LlST Adding User-Written I/O Drivers to RMX/SO BASIC-SOFigure F-S. Sample User-Written 1/0 Driver Routine Burning a BASIC-80 Program Into Prom Altering BASIC-80 WorkspaceBaprom F1HEATER.BAS Page Index Ase BASIC-80 RIGHT$,7-1O Request for Readerscomments 111111
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