4. Appendices
■Decimal and hexadecimal conversion table
(The letter “H” follows numbers in hexadecimal notation.)
MIDI uses hexadecimal notation in
0 | 00H | 32 | 20H | 64 | 40H | 96 | 60H | |||||||||
1 | 01H | 33 | 21H | 65 | 41H | 97 | 61H | |||||||||
2 | 02H | 34 | 22H | 66 | 42H | 98 | 62H | |||||||||
3 | 03H | 35 | 23H | 67 | 43H | 99 | 63H | |||||||||
4 | 04H | 36 | 24H | 68 | 44H | 100 | 64H | |||||||||
5 | 05H | 37 | 25H | 69 | 45H | 101 | 65H | |||||||||
6 | 06H | 38 | 26H | 70 | 46H | 102 | 66H | |||||||||
7 | 07H | 39 | 27H | 71 | 47H | 103 | 67H | |||||||||
8 | 08H | 40 | 28H | 72 | 48H | 104 | 68H | |||||||||
9 | 09H | 41 | 29H | 73 | 49H | 105 | 69H | |||||||||
10 | 0AH | 42 | 2AH | 74 | 4AH | 106 | 6AH | |||||||||
11 | 0BH | 43 | 2BH | 75 | 4BH | 107 | 6BH | |||||||||
12 | 0CH | 44 | 2CH | 76 | 4CH | 108 | 6CH | |||||||||
13 | 0DH | 45 | 2DH | 77 | 4DH | 109 | 6DH | |||||||||
14 | 0EH | 46 | 2EH | 78 | 4EH | 110 | 6EH | |||||||||
15 | 0FH | 47 | 2FH | 79 | 4FH | 111 | 6FH | |||||||||
16 | 10H | 48 | 30H | 80 | 50H | 112 | 70H | |||||||||
17 | 11H | 49 | 31H | 81 | 51H | 113 | 71H | |||||||||
18 | 12H | 50 | 32H | 82 | 52H | 114 | 72H | |||||||||
19 | 13H | 51 | 33H | 83 | 53H | 115 | 73H | |||||||||
20 | 14H | 52 | 34H | 84 | 54H | 116 | 74H | |||||||||
21 | 15H | 53 | 35H | 85 | 55H | 117 | 75H | |||||||||
22 | 16H | 54 | 36H | 86 | 56H | 118 | 76H | |||||||||
23 | 17H | 55 | 37H | 87 | 57H | 119 | 77H | |||||||||
24 | 18H | 56 | 38H | 88 | 58H | 120 | 78H | |||||||||
25 | 19H | 57 | 39H | 89 | 59H | 121 | 79H | |||||||||
26 | 1AH | 58 | 3AH | 90 | 5AH | 122 | 7AH | |||||||||
27 | 1BH | 59 | 3BH | 91 | 5BH | 123 | 7BH | |||||||||
28 | 1CH | 60 | 3CH | 92 | 5CH | 124 | 7CH | |||||||||
29 | 1DH | 61 | 3DH | 93 | 5DH | 125 | 7DH | |||||||||
30 | 1EH | 62 | 3EH | 94 | 5EH | 126 | 7EH | |||||||||
31 | 1FH | 63 | 3FH | 95 | 5FH | 127 | 7FH | |||||||||
*Decimal expressions used for MIDI channel, bank select, and program change are 1 greater than the decimal value shown in the above table.
*Hexadecimal values in
<Example1> What is the decimal equivalent of 5AH? From the above table, 5AH = 90.
<Example2> What is the decimal expression of the hexadecimal
expression in two
18 x 128 + 52 = 2356
■Examples of MIDI messages
<Example1> 92H 33H 5F
9n is the
2H = 2, 3EH = 62, and 5FH = 95. Thus, this is a
<Example2> CEH 49H
CnH is the Program Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number.
EH = 14, and 49H = 73. Thus, this is a Program Change message of MIDI CH= 15, program number 74 (in the GS sound map, Flute).
<Example3> EAH 00H 28H
EnH is the Pitch Bend Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number.
The second byte (00H=0) is the lower byte of the pitch bend value, and the third byte (28H=40) is the upper byte. Since the pitch bend value is a signed value with 40H 00H (= 64 x 128 + 0 = 8192) corresponding to 0, the pitch bend value in this case is:
28H 00H - 40H 00H = 40 x 128 + 0 - (64 x 128 + 0) = 5120 - 8182 -
If the Pitch Bend Sensitivity is set to two semitones, a pitch change of
■Exclusive message examples and checksum calculation
Roland exclusive messages (RQ1, DT1) contain a checksum following the data (after F7), which can be used to check whether the message was received correctly. The checksum value is derived from the address and data (or size) of the transmitted exclusive message.
MIDI Implementation
●Calculating the checksum (‘H’ is appended to hexadecimal numbers)
The checksum is a value that produces a lower 7 bits of zero when the address, size, and checksum itself are summed. If the exclusive message to be transmitted has an address of aaH bbH ccH and the data is ddH eeH, the actual calculation would be as follows:
aa + bb + cc + dd + ee = sum
sum / 128 = quotient ÅEremainder 128 - remainder = checksum
<Example> Assigning Modulation as the control change that controls the transition effect time for the Tx/Rx Setting
From the “Parameter address map,” the Tx/Rx Setting transition effect time has a start address of 01H 10H 00H, and the Modulation control change has a parameter value 01H. Thus,
F0H 41H 10H 00H 5BH 12H 01H 10H 00H 01H ??H 7FH
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
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(1) | Exclusive status | (2) | ID number (Roland) |
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(3) | Device ID (17) | (4) | Model ID |
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(5) Command ID (DT1) | (6) Address |
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(7) Data |
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(9) EOX |
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Next, we calculate the checksum.
01H + 10H + 00H + 01H = 1 + 16 + 0 + 1 = 18 (sum)
18 (sum) / 128 = 0 (quotient) ÅE18 (remainder) Checksum = 128 - 18 (remainder) = 110 = 6EH
Thus, the message to be transmitted is F0H 41H 10H 00H 5BH 12H 01H 10H 00H 01H 6EH 7FH
■Settings Transmitted/Received Using MIDI
●MIDI Tx Channel
This sets the MIDI transmitting channel of
With the factory settings this is assigned to 1.
Values are
●MIDI Rx Channel
This sets the MIDI receiving channel of
With the factory settings this is assigned to 1.
Values are
●Note Mode
This sets whether the unit switch the input channel or not on receipt of Note On message. With the factory settings this is assigned to OFF.
Values are
●Transition Time
This sets the duration of transition effects in Presentation mode.
With the factory settings this is assigned to CC#7 (Volume).
The values are
●A ch effect 1
This specifies effect 1 on/off and the parameter for channel A in Normal mode or the base channel in Presentation mode.
With the factory settings this is unassigned.
Values are 0,
●A ch effect 2
This specifies effect 2 on/off and the parameter for channel A in Normal mode or the base channel in Presentation mode.
With the factory settings this is unassigned.
Values are 0,
●A ch effect 3
This specifies effect 3 on/off and the parameter for channel A in Normal mode or the base channel in Presentation mode.
With the factory settings this is unassigned.
Values are 0,
95