Heat Controller HTV, HTH, HTD manual Ground-Loop Heat Pump Applications, Antifreeze

Installation, Operation & Maintenance HTV/HTD/HTH SERIES Heat Controller, Inc.

Ground-Loop Heat Pump Applications

most areas to prevent freezing. All air and debris must be removed from the earth loop piping before operation. Flush the loop with a high volume of water at a minimum velocity of 2 fps (0.6 m/s) in all piping. The steps below must be followed for proper flushing.

1.Fill loop with water from a garden hose through the flush cart before using the flush cart pump to insure an even fill.

2.Once full, the flushing process can begin. Do not allow the water level in the flush cart tank to drop below the pump inlet line to avoid air being pumped back out to the earth loop.

3.Try to maintain a fluid level in the tank above the return tee so that air cannot be continuously mixed back into the fluid. Surges of 50 psi (345 kPa) can be used to help purge air pockets by simply shutting off the return valve going into the flush cart reservoir. This “dead heads” the pump to 50 psi (345 kPa). To purge, dead head the pump until maximum pumping pressure is reached. Open the return valve and a pressure surge will be sent through the loop to help purge air pockets from the piping system.

4.Notice the drop in fluid level in the flush cart tank when the return valve is shut off. If air is adequately purged from the system, the level will drop only 1-2 inches (2.5 - 5 cm) in a 10” (25 cm) diameter PVC flush tank (about a half gallon [2.3 liters]), since liquids are incompressible. If the level drops more than this, flushing should continue since air is still being compressed in the loop fluid. Perform the “dead head” procedure a number of times. Note: This fluid level drop is your only indication of air in the loop.

Antifreeze may be added before, during or after the flushing procedure. However, depending upon which time is chosen, antifreeze could be wasted when emptying the flush cart tank. See antifreeze section for more details.

Loop static pressure will fluctuate with the seasons. Pressures will be higher in the winter months than during the cooling season. This fluctuation is normal and should be considered when charging the system initially. Run the unit in either heating or cooling for a number of minutes to condition the loop to a homogenous temperature. This is a good time for tool cleanup, piping insulation, etc. Then, perform final flush and pressurize the loop to a static pressure of 50-75 psi [345-517 kPa] (winter) or 35-40 psi [241-276 kPa] (summer). After pressurization, be sure to loosen the plug at the end of the Grundfos loop pump motor(s) to allow trapped air to be discharged and to insure the motor housing has been flooded. This is not required for Taco circulators. Insure that the Flow Controller provides adequate flow through the unit by checking pressure drop across the heat exchanger and compare to the pressure drop tables at the back of the manual.

Antifreeze

In areas where minimum entering loop temperatures drop below 40°F [5°C] or where piping will be routed through areas subject to freezing, antifreeze is required. Alcohols and glycols are commonly used as antifreeze; however your local sales manager should be consulted for the antifreeze best suited to your area.

Low temperature protection should be maintained to 15°F [9°C] below the lowest expected entering loop temperature. For example, if 30°F [-1°C] is the minimum expected entering loop temperature, the leaving loop temperature would be 25 to 22°F [-4 to -6°C] and low temperature protection should be at 15°F [-10°C]. Calculation is as follows:

30°F - 15°F = 15°F [-1°C - 9°C = -10°C].

All alcohols should be premixed and pumped from a reservoir outside of the building when possible or introduced under the water level to prevent fumes. Calculate the total volume of fluid in the piping system. Then use the percentage by volume shown in Table 2 for the amount of antifreeze needed. Antifreeze concentration should be checked from a well mixed sample using a hydrometer to measure specific gravity.

Low Water Temperature Cutout Setting - CXM Control When antifreeze is selected, the FP1 jumper (JW3) should be clipped to select the low temperature (antifreeze 10°F [-12.2°C]) set point and avoid nuisance faults (see “Low Water Temperature Cutout Selection” in this manual). Note: Low water temperature operation requires extended range equipment.

Table 1: Approximate Fluid Volume (gal.) per 100' of Pipe

Fluid Volume (gal [liters] per 100’ [30 meters) Pipe)

Pipe	Size	Volume (gal) [liters]
	1”	4.1 [15.3]
Copper	1.25”	6.4 [23.8]
	2.5”	9.2 [34.3]
Rubber Hose	1”	3.9 [14.6]
	3/4” IPS SDR11	2.8 [10.4]
	1” iPS SDR11	4.5 [16.7]
	1.25” IPS SDR11	8.0 [29.8]
Polyethylene	1.5” IPS SDR11	10.9	[40.7]
	2” IPS SDR11	18.0	[67.0]
	1.25” IPS SCH40	8.3 [30.9]
	1.5” IPS SCH40	10.9	[40.7]
	2” IPS SCH40	17.0	[63.4]
Unit Heat Exchanger	Typical	1.0	[3.8]
Flush Cart Tank	10” Dia x 3ft tall	10 [37.9]
	[254mm x 91.4cm tall]

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