Manuals / Sybase / Computer Equipment / Server

Sybase 12.4.2 manual Contents Referential integrity is unenforced 284, 285, 299, 309, 311

Models: 12.4.2

1 536

Page 10

Contents
	Referential integrity is unenforced	284
	Integrity rules in the system tables	285
CHAPTER 8	Transactions and Versioning	287
	Overview of transactions and versioning	287
	Introduction to transactions	287
	Introduction to concurrency	290
	Introduction to versioning	291
	Versioning prevents inconsistencies	299
	How locking works	299
	Locks for DML operations	299
	Locks for DDL operations	300
	Primary keys and locking	302
	Isolation levels	302
	Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback	303
	Checkpoints	304
	Savepoints within transactions	305
	Rolling back transactions	307
	System recovery	307
	How transaction information aids recovery	308
	Performance implications	309
	Overlapping versions and deletions	310
	Cursors in transactions	311
	Cursors and versioning	312
	Cursor sensitivity	312
	Cursor scrolling	312
	Hold cursors	313
	Positioned operations	313
	Cursor command syntax and examples	313
	Controlling message logging for cursors	313
CHAPTER 9	International Languages and Character Sets	315
	Introduction to international languages and character sets	315
	Adaptive Server IQ international features	315
	Using the default collation	316
	Character set questions and answers	316
	Understanding character sets in software	317
	Pieces in the character set puzzle	317
	Language issues in client/server computing	318
	Code pages in Windows and Windows NT	319
	Multibyte character sets	321
	Sorting characters using collations	322
	International aspects of case sensitivity	322

Page 10

Image 10

Contents

Administration and Performance Guide Adaptive Server IQ Document ID Contents Contents 103 100101 104 135 Contents Deleting views 131 Views in the system tables132 138 Vii Viii 273 Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253255 277 299 Contents Referential integrity is unenforced 284285 309 352 323339 Managing User IDs and Permissions Xii Xiii 459 448454 467 479 473476 481 Xvi Audience How to use this bookXvii Related documents Guide to using this book To learn how to Read this chapterRelated documents Documentation for Adaptive Server IQ About This Book Xix Related documents Overview of IQ system administration Introduction to Adaptive Server IQ System administration tasks System administration tasks Administrative tasks Overview of Adaptive Server IQ System AdministrationSecurity overview Types of users Tools for system administrationTools for system administration Granting permissions Database server Catalogs and IQ Temporary Store Adaptive Server Anywhere and Adaptive Server IQIQ Store Catalog Store Stored procedures Concurrent operations Adaptive Server IQ stored procedures Stored procedures Adaptive Server Enterprise system and catalog procedures Stored Procedures for the IQ Store Procedure name Purpose Adaptive Server Enterprise system procedures System procedure Description Catalog procedure Description Catalog stored proceduresAdaptive Server Enterprise catalog procedures Procedure name Purpose System tables and views System tables and viewsSystem table Description Sysdomain Syslogin System view Description Sysuserauth Types of SQL statements Commands and FunctionsCommands and Functions Functions Manipulate date and time data for example, TODAY, Datediff Message loggingFourth line of the file contains version information Utility database Utility database Compatibility with earlier versions Compatibility with earlier versions Starting the database server Server command lines Server command linesGeneral form for the server command line is as follows Starting the server on Unix Running Adaptive Server IQ To start the server on Unix using the startup utility Using the startup utilityStarting the server on Unix Typing the server startup command Starting the server from the NT Start menu Starting the server on Windows NTStarting the server on Windows NT Running the server outside the current session Using command-line switches Using command-line switchesRunning the server as a Windows NT service Running the Unix database server as a daemon Case sensitivity Using configuration files Elora 16M Tcpipport=2367 -gm Gp 4096 path\mydb.db Window Naming the server and databasesRequired if you do not supply a database Database started Sample database on that server Controlling performance from the command line Setting memory switches Use Default value of -iqgovernis 2 x the number of CPUs +10This switch as the number of megabytes of wired memory Concurrent user connections on a particular server Setting switches that affect timing Controlling permissions from the command line Other performance-related switches Setting a maximum Catalog page size Setting up a client/server environment Selecting communications protocols Limiting inactive connections Server from Dbisql Starting a server in forced recovery modeStarting a server from Dbisql Connections, and Catalog page size Capture server activity in a log file Monitoring server activityStarting multiple servers or clients on the same machine Log file name has this format Monitoring server activity Stopping the database server Stopping the database server PID Following example stops a server from Dbisql Who can stop the server?Shutting down operating system sessions Will be stopped even if there are connections to it Starting and stopping databases Starting and stopping databases Command that executes when you perform these steps is From a command line, type the following commandStarting the asiqdemo database Starting and stopping Sybase Central Starting and stopping Sybase Central Connecting a plug-in Connecting to a plug-in Stopping Sybase Central Introduction to connectionsIntroduction to connections How connections are established If you want Consider reading Following form Connection parameters specify connectionsConnection parameters are passed as connection strings This is equivalent to the following connection string Simple connection examples If you need to start the sample database, enter Connecting to a database from DbisqlSimple connection examples To connect from a Unix system To connect from a Windows NT system Password Connecting to other databases from DbisqlEnter the user ID Start Dbisql by typing at a system command prompt Connecting to an embedded databaseTo connect to a database from Dbisql on Unix Extra cache needed for Java To connect to an embedded database from Dbsql in Windows NT Connecting using a data source To connect using a data source Connecting to a server on a network Using default connection parameters You may connect to the wrong server Connecting from Adaptive Server IQ utilitiesNamed server, using the default database Database Working with Odbc data sources DSNs and FILEDSNs Working with Odbc data sources Creating and editing Odbc data sources To create an Odbc User Data Source Creating and editing Odbc data sourcesYou could also use the host network address. For example To test an Odbc Data Source Configuring Odbc data sources Odbc tab Prevent Driver Not Capable errors Database tab Login tabSelecting this Network tab Advanced tab Name of the file Enter any additional switches hereCreating a File Data Source Which the debugging information is to be saved Using Odbc data sources on Unix Using Odbc data sources on Unix Connection parameters Short Parameter Form Argument Description Connection parameters Or NO, OFF, 0, or False if false Not supported in Odbc connectionsParameters Connection parameters and their values are case insensitive Connection parameter priorities Specify database files using DBFSpecify database names using DBN Use the Start parameter to specify cache size How Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Steps in establishing a connection How Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Locating the interface libraryUnix dblib6 with an operating system-specific extension AutoStop Ignored if the database is already loaded Assembling a list of connection parametersConnection file Parameter Is already running Locating a server Ways by supplying network communication parameters How Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Locating the database Server name caching for faster connections Connecting from other databases Interactive SQL connections Using an integrated login Using an integrated login Enabling the integrated login feature Using integrated loginsTo use an integrated login To map an integrated login from Sybase Central Creating an integrated loginTo map an integrate login using a SQL statement Following Dbisql statement Connecting from a client applicationCan connect to a database if all the following are true Security concerns unrestricted database access Setting temporary public options for added security Network aspects of integrated logins Creating a default integrated login user What to do if you can’t start Adaptive Server IQ Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connectionsEnsure that your files are valid Ensure that network communication software is running Debugging network communications startup problemsTroubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connections Check environment variables What to do if you can’t connect to a database Resolving problems with your Dbisql window on Unix Stopping a database server in an emergency Unix Running Adaptive Server IQ Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connections Building Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases Designing your database Building Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases Using Sybase Central to work with database objectsTools for working with database objects 100 Working with Database Objects Step-by-step overview of database setupUsing Dbisql to work with database objects 101 Scheduling data definition tasks To set up an IQ database102 Extending data definition privileges 103 Allocating space for databases Selecting a device type104 Estimating space and dbspaces required 105 Working with databases Working with databases106 Creating a database 107 108 109 110 Choosing an IQ page size 111 Choosing a Catalog page size Specifying the size of your database112 IQ Store size is 8MB and the Temporary Store is 4MB Choosing a block size for your databaseEnabling Java in the database 113 Adding dbspaces 114 115 To create a dbspace in Sybase Central Dropping dbspaces 116 ======================================================= 117 Creating tables Working with tablesDropping a database Working with tables 119 Types of tables 120 Automatic index creation for IQ tables Table placementType of table Permitted placement Default placement 121 See the following table for implications of IQ Unique Optimizing storage and query performanceData type of the column and its width 122 Altering tables 123 124 Dropping tablesTo drop a table in Sybase Central 125 Creating primary and foreign keysTo create a primary key in Sybase Central 126 127 Working with viewsTable information in the system tables To create an unenforced foreign key in Sybase Central Definition in the database system tables Creating viewsWorking with views 128 129 Using viewsTo create a view in Sybase Central An existing view definition Modifying viewsPermissions on views Alter View statement maintains the permissions on the view Views in the system tables Deleting views131 Working with indexes Working with indexesIntroduction to indexes 132 Indexes in the system tables Creating indexes133 Removing indexes 134 Indexing Overview of indexesAdaptive Server IQ index types 135 Overview of indexes 136 Adaptive Server IQ Indexes Benefits over traditional indexes137 Creating Adaptive Server IQ indexes Creating Adaptive Server IQ indexesCreate Index statement Region column of the salesorder table 139 Creating an index with Sybase CentralCreating indexes concurrently To create an index with Sybase Central Choosing an index type Choosing an index type140 Types of queries Number of unique values in the index141 Query type/index 142Type of Query Usage Recommended Index Type Data types in the index Only the default index supports the following data typesIndexing criteria disk space usage 143 Adaptive Server IQ index types Adaptive Server IQ index typesCombining index types 144 Projections on few rows Default column indexLowFast LF index type Recommended use Comparison with other indexes HighGroup HG index typeAdvantages and disadvantages of LowFast Additional indexes 147 Advantages and disadvantages of HighGroupAutomatic creation of HighGroup index HG advantages/disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Advantages and disadvantages of HighNonGroup HighNonGroup HNG index type148 HighGroup index is also appropriate for an HNG column Optimizing performance for ad hoc joinsComparison to other indexes 149 150 Selecting an indexCriteria to identify Index to select Join indexes improve query performance Using join indexesAdding column indexes after inserting data 151 Relationships in join indexes When a join becomes ad hocHow join indexes are used for queries Join hierarchy overview Columns in the join index 153 One-to-many relationship Join hierarchy in query resolution154 155 Custid Lname Multiple table joins and performance 156 Steps in creating a join index 157 Privileges needed to create a join index Synchronizing join indexes158 Performance hints for synchronization Defining join relationships between tables159 Examples of join relationships in table definitions Using foreign references160 Specifying relationships when creating a join index Specifying the join type when creating a join index161 Issuing the Create Join Index statement Parameters of this command are162 163 164 Creating a join index in Sybase CentralTypes of join hierarchies To add a join index in Sybase Central Star joins Linear joins165 Another table You can create this table using the following commands166 Modifying tables included in a join index 167 Inserting or deleting from tables in a join index 168 Estimating the size of a join index Table versioning controls access to join indexes169 Estimating the size of a join index 170 Databases Import and export overviewImport and export methods 171 172 Input and output data formatsImport and export overview File Format Description Specifying an output format for Interactive SQL Scheduling database updatesPermissions for modifying data Moving Data In and Out of Databases Exporting data from a database Using output redirectionExporting data from a database 174 Null value output Bulk loading data using the Load Table statement175 Format ’ascii’ ’binary’ Delimited by string Bulk loading data using the Load Table statement176 Quotes on OFF Escapes on OFF Escape Character character 177 Binary with Null Byte Prefix 1 2 4 ’delimiter-string’ 178 179 180 Preview on OFF ROW Delimited by ’delimiter-string’ 181Block Factor number Block Size number Start ROW ID number Endian platforms like DEC ALPHA, and Windows NT On default is NATIVE. You can also specifySpecifies the byte ordering during reads. This Here is a Windows NT example Options work together Table. The default is 0 for no limitSpecifies the maximum number of rows to insert into 183 184 With the Limit option, and takes precedence over it Following Windows NT example sets the column delimiter forCarriage return \x0d 185 186 This message displays memory usage information Interpreting notification messagesMemory message 187 Main buffer cache activity message Main IQ Store blocks messagesIQ Temporary Store blocks message 188 These lines display information about the Temp buffer cache Temporary buffer cache messageControlling message logging See the description for the Main buffer cache message above Inserting specified values row by row Using the Insert statementUsing the Insert statement 190 Following example adds 1995-06-09 into the lshipdate column Inserting selected rows from the databaseComplete description of Adaptive Server IQ data types Into the lorderkey column in the lineitem table Inserting selected rows from the database Inserting from a different database192 193 Issue a Commit to commit the insertLineitem table in the current database To insert data directly from Adaptive Server Enterprise 194 Inserting into tables of a join index Importing data interactively195 Inserting into primary and foreign key columns Inserting into primary and foreign key columns196 Partial-width insertions 197 Partial-width insertions Partial-width insertion rules198 Instead of the correct number QueryAdditional columns 199 Start ROW ID option in the second Load Table statement 200 Index 201 Converting data on insertion Converting data on insertion202 203 204 Inserting data from pre-Version 12 Adaptive Server IQLoad conversion options Conversion options for loading from flat files Data conversions in IQ 205 206 IQ conversions for comparison operations 207 IQ conversions for arithmetic operations Using the Ascii conversion option Column width issues208 209 Specifying the Date Format Date OptionSubstitution of Null or blank characters 210 211 Datetime conversion option Setting Year specified as Years assumed212 Specifying the format for Datetime conversions 213 Formatting times 21410 Datetime format options Working With Nulls Where Blanks indicates that blanks convert to Nulls215 Other factors affecting the display of data Other factors affecting the display of data216 Unsupported Adaptive Server Enterprise data types Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise data types217 Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise data types Adaptive Server Enterprise data type equivalents218 13 Character data types 219Adaptive Server Adaptive Server IQ Enterprise Datatype Adaptive Server Enterprise Datatype IQ Datatype 220 Handling conversion errors on data import15 DATE/TIME data types Optimizing for the number of distinct values Tuning bulk loading of dataImproving load performance during database definition Creating indexes Tuning bulk loading of data Setting server startup optionsAdjusting your environment at load time Adding dbspaces Reducing Main IQ Store space use in incremental loads 223 Changing data using Update Changing data using Update224 Deleting data 225 Importing data by replication Importing data by replication226 227 228 Statements, are also available in batches Overview of proceduresAdaptive Server IQ 229 Benefits of procedures Benefits of proceduresIntroduction to procedures 230 Using Procedures and Batches Creating procedures231 Introduction to procedures Calling proceduresDropping procedures 232 Returning procedure results in parameters Permissions to execute procedures233 234 Returning procedure results in result setsEmployee ID Salary Creating user-defined functions Introduction to user-defined functions235 236 Calling user-defined functionsIntroduction to user-defined functions Fullname empfname, emplname Following statement revokes permission to use the function Dropping user-defined functionsPermissions to execute user-defined functions 237 Introduction to batches Introduction to batches238 239 Control statementsDbisql and batches 240 Using compound statementsControl statements Control statement Syntax Declarations in compound statements 241 Atomic compound statements 242 SQL statements allowed in procedures Structure of procedures243 Structure of procedures Declaring parameters for procedures244 Or as follows Passing parameters to proceduresPassing parameters to functions 245 Returning results from procedures Returning results from proceduresReturning a value using the Return statement 246 Returning results as procedure parameters 247 CustomerID parameter is declared as an in parameter. This Declared in the procedure argument listShow the number of orders placed by the customer with ID Orders variable that is returned to the calling environment Returning result sets from procedures 249 Procedure Returning multiple result sets from proceduresReturning variable result sets from procedures 250 Using cursors in procedures 251 Cursor positioning Using cursors in proceduresCursor management overview 252 Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253 254 Errors and warnings in procedures 255 Errors and warnings in procedures Default error handling in procedures256 257 Error handling with on Exception Resume 258 259 On Exception Resume Begin Default handling of warnings in procedures 260 Using exception handlers in procedures 261 262 Nested compound statements and exception handlers 263 Following statement executes the InnerProc procedure Using the Execute Immediate statement in procedures264 Check if you need to change the command delimiter Transactions and savepoints in proceduresSome tips for writing procedures 265 Specifying dates and times in procedures Remember to delimit statements within your procedureUse fully-qualified names for tables in procedures Some tips for writing procedures Statements allowed in batches Verifying procedure input arguments267 Using Select statements in batches Calling external libraries from procedures268 Creating procedures and functions with external calls 269 Following form for Microsoft Visual C++ External function declarations270 How parameters are passed to the external function 271 Special considerations when passing character types 272 How data can become invalid Data integrity overview273 Data integrity overview Integrity constraints belong in the database274 How database contents get changed Data integrity tools SQL statements for implementing integrity constraints 276 Using Unique constraints on columns or tables Using table and column constraints277 Using table and column constraints Using IQ Unique constraint on columnsUsing Check conditions on columns 278 Option Column Check conditions from user-defined data types279 Modifying and deleting Check conditions Using Check conditions on tablesWorking with column constraints in Sybase Central 280 Declaring entity and referential integrity 281 If a client application breaches entity integrity Enforcing entity integrity282 Declaring referential integrity Primary keys enforce entity integrity283 Referential integrity is unenforced How you define foreign keys284 Integrity rules in the system tables 285 Integrity rules in the system tables 286 Introduction to transactions Performance and other aspects of database administrationOverview of transactions and versioning Transactions are logical units of work Completing transactions Using transactionsStarting transactions Overview of transactions and versioning Transactions and Versioning Options in DbisqlCommitting a transaction writes data to disk 289 How concurrency works in IQ Introduction to concurrencySubdividing transactions 290 Introduction to versioning Concurrency for backupsWhy concurrency benefits you Concurrency and IQ Multiplex One writer and multiple readers at the table level Table-level versioning292 293 Only one writer at a time Multiple writers and readers in a database 294 Transactions use committed data 295 Timing of commits on read transactions affects versions 296 Hold cursors span transactions 297 Versioning of temporary tables How Adaptive Server IQ keeps track of versions298 Locks for DML operations Versioning prevents inconsistenciesHow locking works 299 How locking works Locks for DDL operations300 301 Isolation levels Isolation levelsPrimary keys and locking 302 Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback 303 Checkpoints Checkpoints aid in recoveryWhen checkpoints occur Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback Releasing savepoints Savepoints within transactions305 Naming and nesting savepoints Rolling back to a savepointAutomatic and user-defined savepoints Following scenario What causes a rollback System recoveryRolling back transactions Effect of rollback How transaction information aids recovery 308 Performance implications 309 Performance implications Overlapping versions and deletions310 Cursors in transactions 311 Cursor scrolling Cursors and versioningCursor sensitivity Cursors in transactions Positioned operations Cursor command syntax and examplesHold cursors Controlling message logging for cursors 314 Introduction to international languages and character sets Adaptive Server IQ international featuresInstallation to handle international language issues 315 Introduction to international languages and character sets Using the default collationCharacter set questions and answers 316 International Languages and Character Sets Understanding character sets in softwarePieces in the character set puzzle 317 318 Language issues in client/server computingDatabase server software messages Applications can cause Code pages in Windows and Windows NT 319 Ansi and OEM code pages in Windows and Windows NT 320 Multibyte character sets 321 First-byte collation orderings for multibyte character sets Sorting characters using collationsInternational aspects of case sensitivity 322 Case insensitivity of identifiers Understanding localesIntroduction to locales 323 Understanding locales Understanding the locale language324 325 Understanding the locale character setAlternative Language label Label ISO639 language code 326 Equivalent Iana labels and a descriptionCharacter set Label Iana label Description 327 Understanding the locale collation label Setting the Sqllocale environment variableUnderstanding collations Displaying collations 329 Supplied collationsFollowing collations are supplied with Adaptive Server IQ Collation Label Type Description 330 Ansi or OEM? 331 332 333 334 335 Character translation for database messages Using multibyte collationsUnderstanding character set translation Understanding character set translation 337 To use character translation for database messages Avoiding character-set translation Connection strings and character sets338 339 Collation internalsLanguage Character set Collation internals Comment linesTitle line 340 Following are some sample lines for a collation Specification DescriptionCollation sequence section 341 Following is part of the Shift-JIS collation file Encodings sectionThat will be sorted together 342 Properties section 343 To configure your character set environment Finding the default collationConfiguring your character set environment International language and character set tasks 345 You can determine locale information using system functionsDetermining locale information To determine the locale of a database server Your current machine Setting localesCreating a database with a named collation 346 List the supplied collation sequences 347 To enable character-set translation on a database server Starting a database server using character set translationUsing Odbc code page translation Or on Unix Set the Dbisql option CHAROEMTranslation to a value of OFF Character set translation for Sybase Central and DbisqlCreating a custom collation 349 350 351 Compatibility issuesCreating a database with a custom collation To create a database with a custom collation Performance issues Performance issues352 Manage user IDs An overview of database permissions353 An overview of database permissions DBA authority overview354 Table and views permissions overview Resource authority overviewOwnership permissions overview Managing User IDs and Permissions Group permissions overview Managing individual user IDs and permissions356 Creating new users Changing a passwordWith the following command 357 Granting DBA and resource authority 358 Granting permissions on tables and views 359 360 Granting users the right to grant permissionsContext of groups in Permissions of groups To grant user permission on tables in Sybase Central To grant user permissions on procedures in Sybase Central Granting permissions on procedures361 Revoking user permissions 362 Creating groups To create a group with a name and passwordManaging groups 363 364 Granting group membership to usersManaging groups To create a group in Sybase Central Referring to tables owned by groups Permissions of groups365 Groups without passwords 366 Special groups Database object names and prefixes367 Database object names and prefixes 368 Following command will now work Using views and procedures for extra security369 Using views and procedures for extra security Using views for tailored security370 Grant permission for the Sales Manager to examine this view Using procedures for tailored security371 How user permissions are assessed How user permissions are assessedManaging the resources connections use Be modified is strictly defined Temporary Store 373 Limits the number of prepared Users and permissions in the system tablesUsers and permissions in the system tables 374 Views Default Contents Default Contents375 376 Backup protects your data 377 Backing up your database Types of backupsData in backups Backing up your database Backup and Data Recovery Transaction log in backup, restore, and recovery379 Tape backup requirements Distribution of backup dataDisk backup requirements Selecting archive devices Rewinding tapes Preparing for backupObtaining DBA privileges 381 You can run Backup in two ways Retaining old disk backupsTwo ways to run Backup Estimating Media Capacity To back up an IQ database, use the following syntax Concurrency and backupsBackup statement 383 Specifying archive devices Specifying the type of backupSpecifying operator presence 384 385 386 387 Waiting for Tape Devices Backup ExamplesOther backup options 388 Recovery attempts Recovery from errors during backupChecking for backup space 389 Do not specify the Stacker or Size parameters After you complete a backupPerforming backups with non-Sybase products 390 Shutting down the database Performing system-level backups391 Backing up the right files Restoring from a system-level backupPerforming system-level backups 392 393 Validating your databaseFor this size database It takes about this long 394 Interpreting resultsValidating your database Orphaned block statistic Meaning Concurrency issues for spiqcheckdb 395 Restoring your databases Before you restoreRestoring your databases 396 Restore accommodates dbspace changes 397 Specifying files for an incremental restore Restoring disk backup filesRestoring tape backup files Keeping the database unchanged between restores To restore a database, use the following syntax Restore statementRestoring from a compatible backup 399 Moving database files 400 401 402 Displaying header information Adjusting data sources and configuration filesRestoring in the correct order 403 Set must be restored first, and must be in the first device Set, and the restore order, are as follows404 Switch Description Renaming the transaction log after you restoreDblog command-line utility 405 Transaction log utility options Validating the database after you restoreRestore requires exclusive write access Maintaining a transaction log or mirror Displaying header information 407 Using Symbolic Links Unix Only Recovery from errors during restore408 Unattended backup 409 Getting information about backups and restores Getting information about backups and restoresLocating the backup log 410 Content of the backup log 411 Recording dbspace names Maintaining the backup logViewing the backup log in Sybase Central 412 Determining your data backup and recovery strategy 413 Determining your data backup and recovery strategy Scheduling routine backupsDetermining the type of backup 414 Increasing the number of archive devices Designating Backup and Restore ResponsibilitiesImproving performance for backup and restore 415 Eliminating data verification Spooling backup dataIncreasing memory used during backup Balancing system load Controlling the size of the Catalog Store 417 418 Introduction to performance terms DBA can tune performance by adjusting resource usageYour hardware and software configuration Designing for performance Overview of memory use Overview of memory usePaging increases available memory 420 Managing System Resources Utilities to monitor swappingServer memory 421 Determining the sizes of the buffer caches Managing buffer caches422 Adaptive Server IQ memory overhead Operating system and other applications423 Raw partitions versus file systems Multi-user database access424 Memory requirements for loads 425 Adaptive Server IQ main and temp buffer cachesBuffer caches and physical memory Other considerations Example of setting buffer cache sizes426 Memory available for buffer caches Example Methods of adjusting buffer cache sizes Setting buffer cache sizes427 428 Setting buffer cache size database optionsTo change the buffer cache sizes permanently Normally you change the buffer cache sizes by setting Setting buffer cache size server switchesSetting the page size Specifying page size Block size 430 Saving memory Decrease buffer cache settingsAdjust blocking factor for loads Data compression Optimizing for large numbers of users IQ command line option changesActively using the database Use the following guideline to determine Block Factor System parameters Command and set rlimfdmax=4096 in /etc/systemIQ Temp space 433 Platform-specific memory options 434 Options that can provide more memory Recommendations for small memory configurationsPhysical size of memory on the system 435 436 Controlling file system buffering You must then restart the server with the following commandManaging large buffer caches on HP 437 Other ways to get more memory Options for Java-enabled databases438 Process threading model 439 Process threading model Insufficient threads errorIQ options for managing thread usage 440 Raw I/O on Unix operating systems Balancing I/O441 Setting up disk striping on Windows NT Using disk stripingSetting up disk striping on Unix Balancing I/O Recommendations for disk striping Internal striping443 Disk striping hints Disk striping option444 Transaction log file Using multiple dbspacesTemporary data with the Create Dbspace command Across multiple disks Message log Strategic file locations446 Working space for inserting, deleting, and synchronizing 447 Restricting concurrent queries Options for tuning resource useOptions for tuning resource use 448 Forcing cursors to be non-scrolling Limiting a query’s memory useLimiting queries by rows returned 449 Lowering a connection’s priority Limiting the number of cursorsLimiting the number of statements Prefetching cache pages Optimizing for typical usage Restricting database accessOther ways to improve resource use Disk caching Picking the right index type Using RAM diskIndexing tips Indexing tips Allowing enough disk space for deletions Using join indexes453 Denormalizing for performance Managing database size and structureManaging the size of your database Managing database size and structure Performance benefits of denormalization Denormalization has risksDisadvantages of denormalization 455 Tips for structuring queries Improving your queriesDeciding to denormalize Improving your queries Query evaluation options Planning queries457 Setting query optimization options 458 Improving large data transfers Network performance459 Network performance Isolate heavy network users460 Put small amounts of data in small packets 461 Put large amounts of data in large packets 462 Filter as much data as possible at the server level Process at the server level463 464 Viewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment Getting information using stored proceduresOther chapters of this guide for more tuning hints Set to control resource use, see , Managing System Viewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment 466 Starting the buffer cache monitor Monitoring and Tuning PerformanceMonitoring the buffer caches 467 Monitoring the buffer caches 468 469 470 471 472 Stopping the buffer cache monitorExamining and saving monitor results Into dummytablename Stop Monitor Buffer cache Examples of monitor results473 474 Results for the memory manager are -contentionresults for the main cache are-contentionresults for the temp cache are 475 Avoiding buffer manager thrashing Avoiding buffer manager thrashing476 Here is an example Monitoring paging on Windows NT systemsMonitoring paging on Unix systems 477 478 System utilities to monitor CPU use 479 System utilities to monitor CPU use 480 Restrictions for creating and running these applications Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQData server for client applications 481 Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQ 482 Adaptive Server IQ as a Data Server Configuring IQ Servers with DseditInterfaces file 483 Starting Dsedit Using the Dsedit utilityOpening a Directory Services session 484 Interfaces file sql.ini Adding a server entryAdding or changing the server address Select a server entry in the Server box Network Settings, in the Control Panel 486 Renaming a server entry Verifying the server address487 Deleting server entries Sybase applications and Adaptive Server IQOpen Client applications and Adaptive Server IQ 488 Starting the database server as an Open Server Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open ServerSystem requirements 489 Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open Server Configuring your database for use with Open Client490 491 Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connectionsOption Set to To change the option settings for TDS connections Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connections492 To connect to the livecredit server, use this syntax Servers with multiple databases493 494 Index 495 Index 496 497 WINLATIN1 498 Datetime 499 Odbc Unix 500 501 DDL 502 Pipenotconnected 503 504 See Also Dbisql 505 506 507 Null 508 TCP/IP 509 See Also stored 510 Rawdetect 511 512 513 514 515 516

Contents

Referential integrity is unenforced

284

285

CHAPTER 8

287

299

309

Overlapping versions and deletions

310

311

CHAPTER 9

315