500 | Sybase 12.4.2 manual

Index

about	73							DatabaseSwitches connection parameter
DatabaseName connection parameter								about	73
about	73							DataSourceName connection parameter
databases								about	73
Adaptive Server Anywhere						6		DATE
Adaptive Server IQ data					6			conversion option			204
benefits of denormalizing						455		load conversion option				210
block size		113						DATE data type
character set			336					specifying format for conversion 210
checking consistency					393			date data types
choosing a location				110				matching Adaptive Server Enterprise and Adaptive
connecting to			50, 77					Server IQ data			219
creating		106						DATE format
custom collations				351				converting two-digit dates					212
default characteristics					108			dates
denormalizing for performance							454	procedures 266
designing		99						DATETIME
displaying status information							9	conversion option			204
displaying validation results						9		load conversion option				212
dropping		118						DATETIME data type			213
estimating space requirements							9	format for conversion				213
initializing		107						DBA (database administrator)
listing size		9						defined	354
management tasks				2				responsibilities		2
managing		454						role of	4
managing with Interactive SQL							101	DBA authority
moving	108							about	354
moving files			400					granting	358
multiple on server				493				not inheritable		363
naming at startup				32				DBASE format		172
overview of setup				101				DBCOLLAT utility 351
owner role		4						custom collations			349
page size		111						DBF connection parameter
permission to start				46				about	73
permissions			4, 36, 353					embedded databases			57
preallocating space				104				DBG connection parameter
privileges needed to create						103		about	73
relative pathnames				109				DBISQL
security overview				3				command line parameters					55
size 111								committing transactions					289
stopping		47						inserting data interactively					195
temporary data			6					introduction		101
unloading		46						logon window		56
utility	18							See Also Interactive SQL					101
validating		9						specifying output format					173
working with objects 99								DB-Library

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Sybase 12.4.2 manual 500

Contents

Administration and Performance Guide Adaptive Server IQ Document ID Contents Contents 100 101103 104 Contents Deleting views 131 Views in the system tables 132135 138 Vii Viii Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253 255273 277 Contents Referential integrity is unenforced 284 285299 309 323 339352 Managing User IDs and Permissions Xii Xiii 448 454459 467 473 476479 481 Xvi Audience How to use this bookXvii Guide to using this book To learn how to Read this chapter Related documentsRelated documents Documentation for Adaptive Server IQ About This Book Xix Related documents Overview of IQ system administration Introduction to Adaptive Server IQ System administration tasks System administration tasks Administrative tasks Overview of Adaptive Server IQ System AdministrationSecurity overview Tools for system administration Tools for system administrationTypes of users Granting permissions Database server Catalogs and IQ Adaptive Server Anywhere and Adaptive Server IQ IQ StoreTemporary Store Catalog Store Stored procedures Concurrent operations Adaptive Server IQ stored procedures Stored procedures Adaptive Server Enterprise system and catalog procedures Stored Procedures for the IQ Store Procedure name Purpose Adaptive Server Enterprise system procedures System procedure Description Catalog stored procedures Adaptive Server Enterprise catalog proceduresCatalog procedure Description Procedure name Purpose System tables and views System tables and viewsSystem table Description Sysdomain Syslogin System view Description Sysuserauth Commands and Functions Commands and FunctionsTypes of SQL statements Functions Manipulate date and time data for example, TODAY, Datediff Message loggingFourth line of the file contains version information Utility database Utility database Compatibility with earlier versions Compatibility with earlier versions Starting the database server Server command lines Server command linesGeneral form for the server command line is as follows Starting the server on Unix Running Adaptive Server IQ To start the server on Unix using the startup utility Using the startup utilityStarting the server on Unix Typing the server startup command Starting the server from the NT Start menu Starting the server on Windows NTStarting the server on Windows NT Running the server outside the current session Using command-line switches Running the server as a Windows NT serviceUsing command-line switches Running the Unix database server as a daemon Case sensitivity Using configuration files Elora 16M Tcpipport=2367 -gm Gp 4096 path\mydb.db Naming the server and databases Required if you do not supply a databaseWindow Database started Sample database on that server Controlling performance from the command line Setting memory switches Default value of -iqgovernis 2 x the number of CPUs +10 This switch as the number of megabytes of wired memoryUse Concurrent user connections on a particular server Setting switches that affect timing Controlling permissions from the command line Other performance-related switches Setting a maximum Catalog page size Setting up a client/server environment Selecting communications protocols Limiting inactive connections Starting a server in forced recovery mode Starting a server from DbisqlServer from Dbisql Connections, and Catalog page size Monitoring server activity Starting multiple servers or clients on the same machineCapture server activity in a log file Log file name has this format Monitoring server activity Stopping the database server Stopping the database server PID Who can stop the server? Shutting down operating system sessionsFollowing example stops a server from Dbisql Will be stopped even if there are connections to it Starting and stopping databases Starting and stopping databases Command that executes when you perform these steps is From a command line, type the following commandStarting the asiqdemo database Starting and stopping Sybase Central Starting and stopping Sybase Central Connecting a plug-in Connecting to a plug-in Stopping Sybase Central Introduction to connectionsIntroduction to connections How connections are established If you want Consider reading Connection parameters specify connections Connection parameters are passed as connection stringsFollowing form This is equivalent to the following connection string Simple connection examples Connecting to a database from Dbisql Simple connection examplesIf you need to start the sample database, enter To connect from a Unix system To connect from a Windows NT system Password Connecting to other databases from DbisqlEnter the user ID Start Dbisql by typing at a system command prompt Connecting to an embedded databaseTo connect to a database from Dbisql on Unix Extra cache needed for Java To connect to an embedded database from Dbsql in Windows NT Connecting using a data source To connect using a data source Connecting to a server on a network Using default connection parameters Connecting from Adaptive Server IQ utilities Named server, using the default databaseYou may connect to the wrong server Database Working with Odbc data sources DSNs and FILEDSNs Working with Odbc data sources Creating and editing Odbc data sources Creating and editing Odbc data sources You could also use the host network address. For exampleTo create an Odbc User Data Source To test an Odbc Data Source Configuring Odbc data sources Odbc tab Prevent Driver Not Capable errors Database tab Login tabSelecting this Network tab Advanced tab Enter any additional switches here Creating a File Data SourceName of the file Which the debugging information is to be saved Using Odbc data sources on Unix Using Odbc data sources on Unix Connection parameters Short Parameter Form Argument Description Connection parameters Not supported in Odbc connections ParametersOr NO, OFF, 0, or False if false Connection parameters and their values are case insensitive Specify database files using DBF Specify database names using DBNConnection parameter priorities Use the Start parameter to specify cache size How Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Steps in establishing a connection How Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Locating the interface libraryUnix dblib6 with an operating system-specific extension Assembling a list of connection parameters Connection fileAutoStop Ignored if the database is already loaded Parameter Is already running Locating a server Ways by supplying network communication parameters How Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Locating the database Server name caching for faster connections Connecting from other databases Interactive SQL connections Using an integrated login Using an integrated login Enabling the integrated login feature Using integrated loginsTo use an integrated login To map an integrated login from Sybase Central Creating an integrated loginTo map an integrate login using a SQL statement Following Dbisql statement Connecting from a client applicationCan connect to a database if all the following are true Security concerns unrestricted database access Setting temporary public options for added security Network aspects of integrated logins Creating a default integrated login user What to do if you can’t start Adaptive Server IQ Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connectionsEnsure that your files are valid Debugging network communications startup problems Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connectionsEnsure that network communication software is running Check environment variables What to do if you can’t connect to a database Resolving problems with your Dbisql window on Unix Stopping a database server in an emergency Unix Running Adaptive Server IQ Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connections Building Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases Designing your database Using Sybase Central to work with database objects Tools for working with database objectsBuilding Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases 100 Step-by-step overview of database setup Using Dbisql to work with database objectsWorking with Database Objects 101 Scheduling data definition tasks To set up an IQ database102 Extending data definition privileges 103 Allocating space for databases Selecting a device type104 Estimating space and dbspaces required 105 Working with databases Working with databases106 Creating a database 107 108 109 110 Choosing an IQ page size 111 Choosing a Catalog page size Specifying the size of your database112 Choosing a block size for your database Enabling Java in the databaseIQ Store size is 8MB and the Temporary Store is 4MB 113 Adding dbspaces 114 115 To create a dbspace in Sybase Central Dropping dbspaces 116 ======================================================= 117 Working with tables Dropping a databaseCreating tables Working with tables 119 Types of tables 120 Table placement Type of table Permitted placement Default placementAutomatic index creation for IQ tables 121 Optimizing storage and query performance Data type of the column and its widthSee the following table for implications of IQ Unique 122 Altering tables 123 124 Dropping tablesTo drop a table in Sybase Central 125 Creating primary and foreign keysTo create a primary key in Sybase Central 126 Working with views Table information in the system tables127 To create an unenforced foreign key in Sybase Central Creating views Working with viewsDefinition in the database system tables 128 129 Using viewsTo create a view in Sybase Central Modifying views Permissions on viewsAn existing view definition Alter View statement maintains the permissions on the view Views in the system tables Deleting views131 Working with indexes Introduction to indexesWorking with indexes 132 Indexes in the system tables Creating indexes133 Removing indexes 134 Overview of indexes Adaptive Server IQ index typesIndexing 135 Overview of indexes 136 Adaptive Server IQ Indexes Benefits over traditional indexes137 Creating Adaptive Server IQ indexes Create Index statementCreating Adaptive Server IQ indexes Region column of the salesorder table Creating an index with Sybase Central Creating indexes concurrently139 To create an index with Sybase Central Choosing an index type Choosing an index type140 Types of queries Number of unique values in the index141 Query type/index 142Type of Query Usage Recommended Index Type Only the default index supports the following data types Indexing criteria disk space usageData types in the index 143 Adaptive Server IQ index types Combining index typesAdaptive Server IQ index types 144 Default column index LowFast LF index typeProjections on few rows Recommended use HighGroup HG index type Advantages and disadvantages of LowFastComparison with other indexes Additional indexes Advantages and disadvantages of HighGroup Automatic creation of HighGroup index147 HG advantages/disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Advantages and disadvantages of HighNonGroup HighNonGroup HNG index type148 Optimizing performance for ad hoc joins Comparison to other indexesHighGroup index is also appropriate for an HNG column 149 150 Selecting an indexCriteria to identify Index to select Using join indexes Adding column indexes after inserting dataJoin indexes improve query performance 151 When a join becomes ad hoc How join indexes are used for queriesRelationships in join indexes Join hierarchy overview Columns in the join index 153 One-to-many relationship Join hierarchy in query resolution154 155 Custid Lname Multiple table joins and performance 156 Steps in creating a join index 157 Privileges needed to create a join index Synchronizing join indexes158 Performance hints for synchronization Defining join relationships between tables159 Examples of join relationships in table definitions Using foreign references160 Specifying relationships when creating a join index Specifying the join type when creating a join index161 Issuing the Create Join Index statement Parameters of this command are162 163 Creating a join index in Sybase Central Types of join hierarchies164 To add a join index in Sybase Central Star joins Linear joins165 Another table You can create this table using the following commands166 Modifying tables included in a join index 167 Inserting or deleting from tables in a join index 168 Estimating the size of a join index Table versioning controls access to join indexes169 Estimating the size of a join index 170 Import and export overview Import and export methodsDatabases 171 Input and output data formats Import and export overview172 File Format Description Scheduling database updates Permissions for modifying dataSpecifying an output format for Interactive SQL Moving Data In and Out of Databases Using output redirection Exporting data from a databaseExporting data from a database 174 Null value output Bulk loading data using the Load Table statement175 Bulk loading data using the Load Table statement 176Format ’ascii’ ’binary’ Delimited by string Quotes on OFF Escapes on OFF Escape Character character 177 Binary with Null Byte Prefix 1 2 4 ’delimiter-string’ 178 179 180 181 Block Factor number Block Size numberPreview on OFF ROW Delimited by ’delimiter-string’ Start ROW ID number On default is NATIVE. You can also specify Specifies the byte ordering during reads. ThisEndian platforms like DEC ALPHA, and Windows NT Here is a Windows NT example Table. The default is 0 for no limit Specifies the maximum number of rows to insert intoOptions work together 183 184 Following Windows NT example sets the column delimiter for Carriage return \x0dWith the Limit option, and takes precedence over it 185 186 Interpreting notification messages Memory messageThis message displays memory usage information 187 Main IQ Store blocks messages IQ Temporary Store blocks messageMain buffer cache activity message 188 Temporary buffer cache message Controlling message loggingThese lines display information about the Temp buffer cache See the description for the Main buffer cache message above Using the Insert statement Using the Insert statementInserting specified values row by row 190 Inserting selected rows from the database Complete description of Adaptive Server IQ data typesFollowing example adds 1995-06-09 into the lshipdate column Into the lorderkey column in the lineitem table Inserting selected rows from the database Inserting from a different database192 Issue a Commit to commit the insert Lineitem table in the current database193 To insert data directly from Adaptive Server Enterprise 194 Inserting into tables of a join index Importing data interactively195 Inserting into primary and foreign key columns Inserting into primary and foreign key columns196 Partial-width insertions 197 Partial-width insertions Partial-width insertion rules198 Query Additional columnsInstead of the correct number 199 Start ROW ID option in the second Load Table statement 200 Index 201 Converting data on insertion Converting data on insertion202 203 Inserting data from pre-Version 12 Adaptive Server IQ Load conversion options204 Conversion options for loading from flat files Data conversions in IQ 205 206 IQ conversions for comparison operations 207 IQ conversions for arithmetic operations Using the Ascii conversion option Column width issues208 209 Date Option Substitution of Null or blank charactersSpecifying the Date Format 210 211 Datetime conversion option Setting Year specified as Years assumed212 Specifying the format for Datetime conversions 213 Formatting times 21410 Datetime format options Working With Nulls Where Blanks indicates that blanks convert to Nulls215 Other factors affecting the display of data Other factors affecting the display of data216 Unsupported Adaptive Server Enterprise data types Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise data types217 Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise data types Adaptive Server Enterprise data type equivalents218 219 Adaptive Server Adaptive Server IQ Enterprise Datatype13 Character data types Adaptive Server Enterprise Datatype IQ Datatype 220 Handling conversion errors on data import15 DATE/TIME data types Tuning bulk loading of data Improving load performance during database definitionOptimizing for the number of distinct values Creating indexes Setting server startup options Adjusting your environment at load timeTuning bulk loading of data Adding dbspaces Reducing Main IQ Store space use in incremental loads 223 Changing data using Update Changing data using Update224 Deleting data 225 Importing data by replication Importing data by replication226 227 228 Overview of procedures Adaptive Server IQStatements, are also available in batches 229 Benefits of procedures Introduction to proceduresBenefits of procedures 230 Using Procedures and Batches Creating procedures231 Calling procedures Dropping proceduresIntroduction to procedures 232 Returning procedure results in parameters Permissions to execute procedures233 234 Returning procedure results in result setsEmployee ID Salary Creating user-defined functions Introduction to user-defined functions235 Calling user-defined functions Introduction to user-defined functions236 Fullname empfname, emplname Dropping user-defined functions Permissions to execute user-defined functionsFollowing statement revokes permission to use the function 237 Introduction to batches Introduction to batches238 239 Control statementsDbisql and batches Using compound statements Control statements240 Control statement Syntax Declarations in compound statements 241 Atomic compound statements 242 SQL statements allowed in procedures Structure of procedures243 Structure of procedures Declaring parameters for procedures244 Passing parameters to procedures Passing parameters to functionsOr as follows 245 Returning results from procedures Returning a value using the Return statementReturning results from procedures 246 Returning results as procedure parameters 247 Declared in the procedure argument list Show the number of orders placed by the customer with IDCustomerID parameter is declared as an in parameter. This Orders variable that is returned to the calling environment Returning result sets from procedures 249 Returning multiple result sets from procedures Returning variable result sets from proceduresProcedure 250 Using cursors in procedures 251 Using cursors in procedures Cursor management overviewCursor positioning 252 Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253 254 Errors and warnings in procedures 255 Errors and warnings in procedures Default error handling in procedures256 257 Error handling with on Exception Resume 258 259 On Exception Resume Begin Default handling of warnings in procedures 260 Using exception handlers in procedures 261 262 Nested compound statements and exception handlers 263 Following statement executes the InnerProc procedure Using the Execute Immediate statement in procedures264 Transactions and savepoints in procedures Some tips for writing proceduresCheck if you need to change the command delimiter 265 Remember to delimit statements within your procedure Use fully-qualified names for tables in proceduresSpecifying dates and times in procedures Some tips for writing procedures Statements allowed in batches Verifying procedure input arguments267 Using Select statements in batches Calling external libraries from procedures268 Creating procedures and functions with external calls 269 Following form for Microsoft Visual C++ External function declarations270 How parameters are passed to the external function 271 Special considerations when passing character types 272 How data can become invalid Data integrity overview273 Data integrity overview Integrity constraints belong in the database274 How database contents get changed Data integrity tools SQL statements for implementing integrity constraints 276 Using Unique constraints on columns or tables Using table and column constraints277 Using IQ Unique constraint on columns Using Check conditions on columnsUsing table and column constraints 278 Option Column Check conditions from user-defined data types279 Using Check conditions on tables Working with column constraints in Sybase CentralModifying and deleting Check conditions 280 Declaring entity and referential integrity 281 If a client application breaches entity integrity Enforcing entity integrity282 Declaring referential integrity Primary keys enforce entity integrity283 Referential integrity is unenforced How you define foreign keys284 Integrity rules in the system tables 285 Integrity rules in the system tables 286 Performance and other aspects of database administration Overview of transactions and versioningIntroduction to transactions Transactions are logical units of work Using transactions Starting transactionsCompleting transactions Overview of transactions and versioning Options in Dbisql Committing a transaction writes data to diskTransactions and Versioning 289 Introduction to concurrency Subdividing transactionsHow concurrency works in IQ 290 Concurrency for backups Why concurrency benefits youIntroduction to versioning Concurrency and IQ Multiplex One writer and multiple readers at the table level Table-level versioning292 293 Only one writer at a time Multiple writers and readers in a database 294 Transactions use committed data 295 Timing of commits on read transactions affects versions 296 Hold cursors span transactions 297 Versioning of temporary tables How Adaptive Server IQ keeps track of versions298 Versioning prevents inconsistencies How locking worksLocks for DML operations 299 How locking works Locks for DDL operations300 301 Isolation levels Primary keys and lockingIsolation levels 302 Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback 303 Checkpoints aid in recovery When checkpoints occurCheckpoints Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback Releasing savepoints Savepoints within transactions305 Rolling back to a savepoint Automatic and user-defined savepointsNaming and nesting savepoints Following scenario System recovery Rolling back transactionsWhat causes a rollback Effect of rollback How transaction information aids recovery 308 Performance implications 309 Performance implications Overlapping versions and deletions310 Cursors in transactions 311 Cursors and versioning Cursor sensitivityCursor scrolling Cursors in transactions Cursor command syntax and examples Hold cursorsPositioned operations Controlling message logging for cursors 314 Adaptive Server IQ international features Installation to handle international language issuesIntroduction to international languages and character sets 315 Using the default collation Character set questions and answersIntroduction to international languages and character sets 316 Understanding character sets in software Pieces in the character set puzzleInternational Languages and Character Sets 317 318 Language issues in client/server computingDatabase server software messages Applications can cause Code pages in Windows and Windows NT 319 Ansi and OEM code pages in Windows and Windows NT 320 Multibyte character sets 321 Sorting characters using collations International aspects of case sensitivityFirst-byte collation orderings for multibyte character sets 322 Understanding locales Introduction to localesCase insensitivity of identifiers 323 Understanding locales Understanding the locale language324 325 Understanding the locale character setAlternative Language label Label ISO639 language code 326 Equivalent Iana labels and a descriptionCharacter set Label Iana label Description 327 Setting the Sqllocale environment variable Understanding collationsUnderstanding the locale collation label Displaying collations Supplied collations Following collations are supplied with Adaptive Server IQ329 Collation Label Type Description 330 Ansi or OEM? 331 332 333 334 335 Using multibyte collations Understanding character set translationCharacter translation for database messages Understanding character set translation 337 To use character translation for database messages Avoiding character-set translation Connection strings and character sets338 339 Collation internalsLanguage Character set Comment lines Title lineCollation internals 340 Specification Description Collation sequence sectionFollowing are some sample lines for a collation 341 Encodings section That will be sorted togetherFollowing is part of the Shift-JIS collation file 342 Properties section 343 Finding the default collation Configuring your character set environmentTo configure your character set environment International language and character set tasks You can determine locale information using system functions Determining locale information345 To determine the locale of a database server Setting locales Creating a database with a named collationYour current machine 346 List the supplied collation sequences 347 Starting a database server using character set translation Using Odbc code page translationTo enable character-set translation on a database server Or on Unix Character set translation for Sybase Central and Dbisql Creating a custom collationSet the Dbisql option CHAROEMTranslation to a value of OFF 349 350 Compatibility issues Creating a database with a custom collation351 To create a database with a custom collation Performance issues Performance issues352 Manage user IDs An overview of database permissions353 An overview of database permissions DBA authority overview354 Resource authority overview Ownership permissions overviewTable and views permissions overview Managing User IDs and Permissions Group permissions overview Managing individual user IDs and permissions356 Changing a password With the following commandCreating new users 357 Granting DBA and resource authority 358 Granting permissions on tables and views 359 Granting users the right to grant permissions Context of groups in Permissions of groups360 To grant user permission on tables in Sybase Central To grant user permissions on procedures in Sybase Central Granting permissions on procedures361 Revoking user permissions 362 To create a group with a name and password Managing groupsCreating groups 363 Granting group membership to users Managing groups364 To create a group in Sybase Central Referring to tables owned by groups Permissions of groups365 Groups without passwords 366 Special groups Database object names and prefixes367 Database object names and prefixes 368 Following command will now work Using views and procedures for extra security369 Using views and procedures for extra security Using views for tailored security370 Grant permission for the Sales Manager to examine this view Using procedures for tailored security371 How user permissions are assessed Managing the resources connections useHow user permissions are assessed Be modified is strictly defined Temporary Store 373 Users and permissions in the system tables Users and permissions in the system tablesLimits the number of prepared 374 Views Default Contents Default Contents375 376 Backup protects your data 377 Types of backups Data in backupsBacking up your database Backing up your database Backup and Data Recovery Transaction log in backup, restore, and recovery379 Distribution of backup data Disk backup requirementsTape backup requirements Selecting archive devices Preparing for backup Obtaining DBA privilegesRewinding tapes 381 Retaining old disk backups Two ways to run BackupYou can run Backup in two ways Estimating Media Capacity Concurrency and backups Backup statementTo back up an IQ database, use the following syntax 383 Specifying the type of backup Specifying operator presenceSpecifying archive devices 384 385 386 387 Backup Examples Other backup optionsWaiting for Tape Devices 388 Recovery from errors during backup Checking for backup spaceRecovery attempts 389 After you complete a backup Performing backups with non-Sybase productsDo not specify the Stacker or Size parameters 390 Shutting down the database Performing system-level backups391 Restoring from a system-level backup Performing system-level backupsBacking up the right files 392 393 Validating your databaseFor this size database It takes about this long Interpreting results Validating your database394 Orphaned block statistic Meaning Concurrency issues for spiqcheckdb 395 Before you restore Restoring your databasesRestoring your databases 396 Restore accommodates dbspace changes 397 Restoring disk backup files Restoring tape backup filesSpecifying files for an incremental restore Keeping the database unchanged between restores Restore statement Restoring from a compatible backupTo restore a database, use the following syntax 399 Moving database files 400 401 402 Adjusting data sources and configuration files Restoring in the correct orderDisplaying header information 403 Set must be restored first, and must be in the first device Set, and the restore order, are as follows404 Renaming the transaction log after you restore Dblog command-line utilitySwitch Description 405 Validating the database after you restore Restore requires exclusive write accessTransaction log utility options Maintaining a transaction log or mirror Displaying header information 407 Using Symbolic Links Unix Only Recovery from errors during restore408 Unattended backup 409 Getting information about backups and restores Locating the backup logGetting information about backups and restores 410 Content of the backup log 411 Maintaining the backup log Viewing the backup log in Sybase CentralRecording dbspace names 412 Determining your data backup and recovery strategy 413 Scheduling routine backups Determining the type of backupDetermining your data backup and recovery strategy 414 Designating Backup and Restore Responsibilities Improving performance for backup and restoreIncreasing the number of archive devices 415 Spooling backup data Increasing memory used during backupEliminating data verification Balancing system load Controlling the size of the Catalog Store 417 418 DBA can tune performance by adjusting resource usage Your hardware and software configurationIntroduction to performance terms Designing for performance Overview of memory use Paging increases available memoryOverview of memory use 420 Utilities to monitor swapping Server memoryManaging System Resources 421 Determining the sizes of the buffer caches Managing buffer caches422 Adaptive Server IQ memory overhead Operating system and other applications423 Multi-user database access 424Raw partitions versus file systems Memory requirements for loads 425 Adaptive Server IQ main and temp buffer cachesBuffer caches and physical memory Example of setting buffer cache sizes 426Other considerations Memory available for buffer caches Example Methods of adjusting buffer cache sizes Setting buffer cache sizes427 428 Setting buffer cache size database optionsTo change the buffer cache sizes permanently Setting buffer cache size server switches Setting the page sizeNormally you change the buffer cache sizes by setting Specifying page size Block size 430 Decrease buffer cache settings Adjust blocking factor for loadsSaving memory Data compression IQ command line option changes Actively using the databaseOptimizing for large numbers of users Use the following guideline to determine Block Factor Command and set rlimfdmax=4096 in /etc/system IQ Temp spaceSystem parameters 433 Platform-specific memory options 434 Recommendations for small memory configurations Physical size of memory on the systemOptions that can provide more memory 435 436 You must then restart the server with the following command Managing large buffer caches on HPControlling file system buffering 437 Other ways to get more memory Options for Java-enabled databases438 Process threading model 439 Insufficient threads error IQ options for managing thread usageProcess threading model 440 Raw I/O on Unix operating systems Balancing I/O441 Using disk striping Setting up disk striping on UnixSetting up disk striping on Windows NT Balancing I/O Recommendations for disk striping Internal striping443 Disk striping hints Disk striping option444 Using multiple dbspaces Temporary data with the Create Dbspace commandTransaction log file Across multiple disks Message log Strategic file locations446 Working space for inserting, deleting, and synchronizing 447 Options for tuning resource use Options for tuning resource useRestricting concurrent queries 448 Limiting a query’s memory use Limiting queries by rows returnedForcing cursors to be non-scrolling 449 Limiting the number of cursors Limiting the number of statementsLowering a connection’s priority Prefetching cache pages Restricting database access Other ways to improve resource useOptimizing for typical usage Disk caching Using RAM disk Indexing tipsPicking the right index type Indexing tips Allowing enough disk space for deletions Using join indexes453 Managing database size and structure Managing the size of your databaseDenormalizing for performance Managing database size and structure Denormalization has risks Disadvantages of denormalizationPerformance benefits of denormalization 455 Improving your queries Deciding to denormalizeTips for structuring queries Improving your queries Query evaluation options Planning queries457 Setting query optimization options 458 Improving large data transfers Network performance459 Network performance Isolate heavy network users460 Put small amounts of data in small packets 461 Put large amounts of data in large packets 462 Filter as much data as possible at the server level Process at the server level463 464 Getting information using stored procedures Other chapters of this guide for more tuning hintsViewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment Set to control resource use, see , Managing System Viewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment 466 Monitoring and Tuning Performance Monitoring the buffer cachesStarting the buffer cache monitor 467 Monitoring the buffer caches 468 469 470 471 Stopping the buffer cache monitor Examining and saving monitor results472 Into dummytablename Stop Monitor Buffer cache Examples of monitor results473 474 -contentionresults for the main cache are -contentionresults for the temp cache areResults for the memory manager are 475 Avoiding buffer manager thrashing Avoiding buffer manager thrashing476 Monitoring paging on Windows NT systems Monitoring paging on Unix systemsHere is an example 477 478 System utilities to monitor CPU use 479 System utilities to monitor CPU use 480 Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQ Data server for client applicationsRestrictions for creating and running these applications 481 Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQ 482 Configuring IQ Servers with Dsedit Interfaces fileAdaptive Server IQ as a Data Server 483 Using the Dsedit utility Opening a Directory Services sessionStarting Dsedit 484 Adding a server entry Adding or changing the server addressInterfaces file sql.ini Select a server entry in the Server box Network Settings, in the Control Panel 486 Renaming a server entry Verifying the server address487 Sybase applications and Adaptive Server IQ Open Client applications and Adaptive Server IQDeleting server entries 488 Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open Server System requirementsStarting the database server as an Open Server 489 Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open Server Configuring your database for use with Open Client490 491 Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connectionsOption Set to To change the option settings for TDS connections Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connections492 To connect to the livecredit server, use this syntax Servers with multiple databases493 494 Index 495 Index 496 497 WINLATIN1 498 Datetime 499 Odbc Unix 500 501 DDL 502 Pipenotconnected 503 504 See Also Dbisql 505 506 507 Null 508 TCP/IP 509 See Also stored 510 Rawdetect 511 512 513 514 515 516