Manuals / Sybase / Computer Equipment / Server

Sybase 12.4.2 manual 330

Models: 12.4.2

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819SVE	ANSI	Code Page 819, Swedish/Finnish

819TRK	ANSI	Code Page 819, Turkish

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850ELL	OEM	Code Page 850, Greek

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850LATIN1	OEM	Code Page 850, Latin 1

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850SVE	OEM	Code Page 850, Swedish/Finnish

850TRK	OEM	Code Page 850, Turkish

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852CYR	OEM	Code Page 852, Cyrillic

852POL	OEM	Code Page 852, Polish

855CYR	OEM	Code Page 855, Cyrillic

856HEB	OEM	Code Page 856, Hebrew

857TRK	OEM	Code Page 857, Turkish

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861ISL	OEM	Code Page 861, Icelandic

862HEB	OEM	Code Page 862, Hebrew

863LATIN1	OEM	Code Page 863, Latin 1, Western

865NOR	OEM	Code Page 865, Norwegian

866RUS	OEM	Code Page 866, Russian

869ELL	OEM	Code Page 869, Greek

920TRK	ANSI	Code Page 920, Turkish, ISO-8859-9

932JPN	Multibyte	Code Page 932, Japanese Shift-JIS
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936ZHO	Multibyte	Code Page 936, Simplified Chinese, GB
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949KOR	Multibyte	Code Page 949, Korean KS C 5601-1987
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950TWN	Multibyte	Code Page 950, Traditional Chinese, Big 5
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Contents

Administration and Performance Guide Adaptive Server IQDocument ID Contents Contents 103 100101 104135 Contents Deleting views 131 Views in the system tables132 138Vii Viii 273 Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253255 277299 Contents Referential integrity is unenforced 284285 309352 323339 Managing User IDs and PermissionsXii Xiii 459 448454 467479 473476 481Xvi Xvii How to use this bookAudience Related documents Guide to using this book To learn how to Read this chapterRelated documents Documentation for Adaptive Server IQAbout This Book XixRelated documents Overview of IQ system administration Introduction to Adaptive Server IQSystem administration tasks System administration tasksSecurity overview Overview of Adaptive Server IQ System AdministrationAdministrative tasks Types of users Tools for system administrationTools for system administration Granting permissionsDatabase server Catalogs and IQTemporary Store Adaptive Server Anywhere and Adaptive Server IQIQ Store Catalog StoreStored procedures Concurrent operationsAdaptive Server IQ stored procedures Stored proceduresAdaptive Server Enterprise system and catalog procedures Stored Procedures for the IQ Store Procedure name PurposeAdaptive Server Enterprise system procedures System procedure DescriptionCatalog procedure Description Catalog stored proceduresAdaptive Server Enterprise catalog procedures Procedure name PurposeSystem table Description System tables and viewsSystem tables and views Sysdomain Syslogin System view Description SysuserauthTypes of SQL statements Commands and FunctionsCommands and Functions FunctionsFourth line of the file contains version information Message loggingManipulate date and time data for example, TODAY, Datediff Utility database Utility databaseCompatibility with earlier versions Compatibility with earlier versions Starting the database server General form for the server command line is as follows Server command linesServer command lines Starting the server on Unix Running Adaptive Server IQStarting the server on Unix Using the startup utilityTo start the server on Unix using the startup utility Typing the server startup command Starting the server on Windows NT Starting the server on Windows NTStarting the server from the NT Start menu Running the server outside the current session Using command-line switches Using command-line switchesRunning the server as a Windows NT service Running the Unix database server as a daemonCase sensitivity Using configuration files Elora 16M Tcpipport=2367 -gm Gp 4096 path\mydb.db Window Naming the server and databasesRequired if you do not supply a database Database startedSample database on that server Controlling performance from the command line Setting memory switchesUse Default value of -iqgovernis 2 x the number of CPUs +10This switch as the number of megabytes of wired memory Concurrent user connections on a particular serverSetting switches that affect timing Controlling permissions from the command line Other performance-related switchesSetting a maximum Catalog page size Setting up a client/server environment Selecting communications protocolsLimiting inactive connections Server from Dbisql Starting a server in forced recovery modeStarting a server from Dbisql Connections, and Catalog page sizeCapture server activity in a log file Monitoring server activityStarting multiple servers or clients on the same machine Log file name has this formatMonitoring server activity Stopping the database server Stopping the database server PIDFollowing example stops a server from Dbisql Who can stop the server?Shutting down operating system sessions Will be stopped even if there are connections to itStarting and stopping databases Starting and stopping databasesStarting the asiqdemo database From a command line, type the following commandCommand that executes when you perform these steps is Starting and stopping Sybase Central Starting and stopping Sybase CentralConnecting a plug-in Connecting to a plug-inIntroduction to connections Introduction to connectionsStopping Sybase Central How connections are established If you want Consider readingFollowing form Connection parameters specify connectionsConnection parameters are passed as connection strings This is equivalent to the following connection stringSimple connection examples If you need to start the sample database, enter Connecting to a database from DbisqlSimple connection examples To connect from a Unix systemTo connect from a Windows NT system Enter the user ID Connecting to other databases from DbisqlPassword To connect to a database from Dbisql on Unix Connecting to an embedded databaseStart Dbisql by typing at a system command prompt Extra cache needed for Java To connect to an embedded database from Dbsql in Windows NTConnecting using a data source To connect using a data sourceConnecting to a server on a network Using default connection parameters You may connect to the wrong server Connecting from Adaptive Server IQ utilitiesNamed server, using the default database DatabaseWorking with Odbc data sources DSNs and FILEDSNs Working with Odbc data sourcesCreating and editing Odbc data sources To create an Odbc User Data Source Creating and editing Odbc data sourcesYou could also use the host network address. For example To test an Odbc Data SourceConfiguring Odbc data sources Odbc tabPrevent Driver Not Capable errors Selecting this Login tabDatabase tab Network tab Advanced tabName of the file Enter any additional switches hereCreating a File Data Source Which the debugging information is to be savedUsing Odbc data sources on Unix Using Odbc data sources on UnixConnection parameters Short Parameter Form Argument DescriptionConnection parameters Or NO, OFF, 0, or False if false Not supported in Odbc connectionsParameters Connection parameters and their values are case insensitiveConnection parameter priorities Specify database files using DBFSpecify database names using DBN Use the Start parameter to specify cache sizeHow Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Steps in establishing a connectionUnix dblib6 with an operating system-specific extension Locating the interface libraryHow Adaptive Server IQ makes connections AutoStop Ignored if the database is already loaded Assembling a list of connection parametersConnection file ParameterIs already running Locating a server Ways by supplying network communication parametersHow Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Locating the database Server name caching for faster connections Connecting from other databases Interactive SQL connectionsUsing an integrated login Using an integrated loginTo use an integrated login Using integrated loginsEnabling the integrated login feature To map an integrate login using a SQL statement Creating an integrated loginTo map an integrated login from Sybase Central Can connect to a database if all the following are true Connecting from a client applicationFollowing Dbisql statement Security concerns unrestricted database access Setting temporary public options for added security Network aspects of integrated logins Creating a default integrated login userEnsure that your files are valid Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connectionsWhat to do if you can’t start Adaptive Server IQ Ensure that network communication software is running Debugging network communications startup problemsTroubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connections Check environment variablesWhat to do if you can’t connect to a database Resolving problems with your Dbisql window on Unix Stopping a database server in an emergency UnixRunning Adaptive Server IQ Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connections Building Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases Designing your databaseBuilding Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases Using Sybase Central to work with database objectsTools for working with database objects 100Working with Database Objects Step-by-step overview of database setupUsing Dbisql to work with database objects 101102 To set up an IQ databaseScheduling data definition tasks Extending data definition privileges 103104 Selecting a device typeAllocating space for databases Estimating space and dbspaces required 105106 Working with databasesWorking with databases Creating a database 107108 109 110 Choosing an IQ page size 111112 Specifying the size of your databaseChoosing a Catalog page size IQ Store size is 8MB and the Temporary Store is 4MB Choosing a block size for your databaseEnabling Java in the database 113Adding dbspaces 114115 To create a dbspace in Sybase CentralDropping dbspaces 116======================================================= 117Creating tables Working with tablesDropping a database Working with tables119 Types of tables 120Automatic index creation for IQ tables Table placementType of table Permitted placement Default placement 121See the following table for implications of IQ Unique Optimizing storage and query performanceData type of the column and its width 122Altering tables 123To drop a table in Sybase Central Dropping tables124 To create a primary key in Sybase Central Creating primary and foreign keys125 126 127 Working with viewsTable information in the system tables To create an unenforced foreign key in Sybase CentralDefinition in the database system tables Creating viewsWorking with views 128To create a view in Sybase Central Using views129 An existing view definition Modifying viewsPermissions on views Alter View statement maintains the permissions on the view131 Deleting viewsViews in the system tables Working with indexes Working with indexesIntroduction to indexes 132133 Creating indexesIndexes in the system tables Removing indexes 134Indexing Overview of indexesAdaptive Server IQ index types 135Overview of indexes 136137 Benefits over traditional indexesAdaptive Server IQ Indexes Creating Adaptive Server IQ indexes Creating Adaptive Server IQ indexesCreate Index statement Region column of the salesorder table139 Creating an index with Sybase CentralCreating indexes concurrently To create an index with Sybase Central140 Choosing an index typeChoosing an index type 141 Number of unique values in the indexTypes of queries Type of Query Usage Recommended Index Type 142Query type/index Data types in the index Only the default index supports the following data typesIndexing criteria disk space usage 143Adaptive Server IQ index types Adaptive Server IQ index typesCombining index types 144Projections on few rows Default column indexLowFast LF index type Recommended useComparison with other indexes HighGroup HG index typeAdvantages and disadvantages of LowFast Additional indexes147 Advantages and disadvantages of HighGroupAutomatic creation of HighGroup index HG advantages/disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages148 HighNonGroup HNG index typeAdvantages and disadvantages of HighNonGroup HighGroup index is also appropriate for an HNG column Optimizing performance for ad hoc joinsComparison to other indexes 149Criteria to identify Index to select Selecting an index150 Join indexes improve query performance Using join indexesAdding column indexes after inserting data 151Relationships in join indexes When a join becomes ad hocHow join indexes are used for queries Join hierarchy overviewColumns in the join index 153154 Join hierarchy in query resolutionOne-to-many relationship 155 Custid LnameMultiple table joins and performance 156Steps in creating a join index 157158 Synchronizing join indexesPrivileges needed to create a join index 159 Defining join relationships between tablesPerformance hints for synchronization 160 Using foreign referencesExamples of join relationships in table definitions 161 Specifying the join type when creating a join indexSpecifying relationships when creating a join index 162 Parameters of this command areIssuing the Create Join Index statement 163 164 Creating a join index in Sybase CentralTypes of join hierarchies To add a join index in Sybase Central165 Linear joinsStar joins 166 You can create this table using the following commandsAnother table Modifying tables included in a join index 167Inserting or deleting from tables in a join index 168169 Table versioning controls access to join indexesEstimating the size of a join index Estimating the size of a join index 170Databases Import and export overviewImport and export methods 171172 Input and output data formatsImport and export overview File Format DescriptionSpecifying an output format for Interactive SQL Scheduling database updatesPermissions for modifying data Moving Data In and Out of DatabasesExporting data from a database Using output redirectionExporting data from a database 174175 Bulk loading data using the Load Table statementNull value output Format ’ascii’ ’binary’ Delimited by string Bulk loading data using the Load Table statement176 Quotes on OFF Escapes on OFF Escape Character character177 Binary with Null Byte Prefix 1 2 4 ’delimiter-string’178 179 180 Preview on OFF ROW Delimited by ’delimiter-string’ 181Block Factor number Block Size number Start ROW ID numberEndian platforms like DEC ALPHA, and Windows NT On default is NATIVE. You can also specifySpecifies the byte ordering during reads. This Here is a Windows NT exampleOptions work together Table. The default is 0 for no limitSpecifies the maximum number of rows to insert into 183184 With the Limit option, and takes precedence over it Following Windows NT example sets the column delimiter forCarriage return \x0d 185186 This message displays memory usage information Interpreting notification messagesMemory message 187Main buffer cache activity message Main IQ Store blocks messagesIQ Temporary Store blocks message 188These lines display information about the Temp buffer cache Temporary buffer cache messageControlling message logging See the description for the Main buffer cache message aboveInserting specified values row by row Using the Insert statementUsing the Insert statement 190Following example adds 1995-06-09 into the lshipdate column Inserting selected rows from the databaseComplete description of Adaptive Server IQ data types Into the lorderkey column in the lineitem table192 Inserting from a different databaseInserting selected rows from the database 193 Issue a Commit to commit the insertLineitem table in the current database To insert data directly from Adaptive Server Enterprise194 195 Importing data interactivelyInserting into tables of a join index 196 Inserting into primary and foreign key columnsInserting into primary and foreign key columns Partial-width insertions 197198 Partial-width insertion rulesPartial-width insertions Instead of the correct number QueryAdditional columns 199Start ROW ID option in the second Load Table statement 200Index 201202 Converting data on insertionConverting data on insertion 203 204 Inserting data from pre-Version 12 Adaptive Server IQLoad conversion options Conversion options for loading from flat filesData conversions in IQ 205206 IQ conversions for comparison operations207 IQ conversions for arithmetic operations208 Column width issuesUsing the Ascii conversion option 209 Specifying the Date Format Date OptionSubstitution of Null or blank characters 210211 212 Setting Year specified as Years assumedDatetime conversion option Specifying the format for Datetime conversions 21310 Datetime format options 214Formatting times 215 Where Blanks indicates that blanks convert to NullsWorking With Nulls 216 Other factors affecting the display of dataOther factors affecting the display of data 217 Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise data typesUnsupported Adaptive Server Enterprise data types 218 Adaptive Server Enterprise data type equivalentsMatching Adaptive Server Enterprise data types 13 Character data types 219Adaptive Server Adaptive Server IQ Enterprise Datatype Adaptive Server Enterprise Datatype IQ Datatype15 DATE/TIME data types Handling conversion errors on data import220 Optimizing for the number of distinct values Tuning bulk loading of dataImproving load performance during database definition Creating indexesTuning bulk loading of data Setting server startup optionsAdjusting your environment at load time Adding dbspacesReducing Main IQ Store space use in incremental loads 223224 Changing data using UpdateChanging data using Update Deleting data 225226 Importing data by replicationImporting data by replication 227 228 Statements, are also available in batches Overview of proceduresAdaptive Server IQ 229Benefits of procedures Benefits of proceduresIntroduction to procedures 230231 Creating proceduresUsing Procedures and Batches Introduction to procedures Calling proceduresDropping procedures 232233 Permissions to execute proceduresReturning procedure results in parameters Employee ID Salary Returning procedure results in result sets234 235 Introduction to user-defined functionsCreating user-defined functions 236 Calling user-defined functionsIntroduction to user-defined functions Fullname empfname, emplnameFollowing statement revokes permission to use the function Dropping user-defined functionsPermissions to execute user-defined functions 237238 Introduction to batchesIntroduction to batches Dbisql and batches Control statements239 240 Using compound statementsControl statements Control statement SyntaxDeclarations in compound statements 241Atomic compound statements 242243 Structure of proceduresSQL statements allowed in procedures 244 Declaring parameters for proceduresStructure of procedures Or as follows Passing parameters to proceduresPassing parameters to functions 245Returning results from procedures Returning results from proceduresReturning a value using the Return statement 246Returning results as procedure parameters 247CustomerID parameter is declared as an in parameter. This Declared in the procedure argument listShow the number of orders placed by the customer with ID Orders variable that is returned to the calling environmentReturning result sets from procedures 249Procedure Returning multiple result sets from proceduresReturning variable result sets from procedures 250Using cursors in procedures 251Cursor positioning Using cursors in proceduresCursor management overview 252Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253254 Errors and warnings in procedures 255256 Default error handling in proceduresErrors and warnings in procedures 257 Error handling with on Exception Resume 258259 On Exception Resume BeginDefault handling of warnings in procedures 260Using exception handlers in procedures 261262 Nested compound statements and exception handlers 263264 Using the Execute Immediate statement in proceduresFollowing statement executes the InnerProc procedure Check if you need to change the command delimiter Transactions and savepoints in proceduresSome tips for writing procedures 265Specifying dates and times in procedures Remember to delimit statements within your procedureUse fully-qualified names for tables in procedures Some tips for writing procedures267 Verifying procedure input argumentsStatements allowed in batches 268 Calling external libraries from proceduresUsing Select statements in batches Creating procedures and functions with external calls 269270 External function declarationsFollowing form for Microsoft Visual C++ How parameters are passed to the external function 271Special considerations when passing character types 272273 Data integrity overviewHow data can become invalid 274 Integrity constraints belong in the databaseData integrity overview How database contents get changed Data integrity toolsSQL statements for implementing integrity constraints 276277 Using table and column constraintsUsing Unique constraints on columns or tables Using table and column constraints Using IQ Unique constraint on columnsUsing Check conditions on columns 278279 Column Check conditions from user-defined data typesOption Modifying and deleting Check conditions Using Check conditions on tablesWorking with column constraints in Sybase Central 280Declaring entity and referential integrity 281282 Enforcing entity integrityIf a client application breaches entity integrity 283 Primary keys enforce entity integrityDeclaring referential integrity 284 How you define foreign keysReferential integrity is unenforced Integrity rules in the system tables 285Integrity rules in the system tables 286Introduction to transactions Performance and other aspects of database administrationOverview of transactions and versioning Transactions are logical units of workCompleting transactions Using transactionsStarting transactions Overview of transactions and versioningTransactions and Versioning Options in DbisqlCommitting a transaction writes data to disk 289How concurrency works in IQ Introduction to concurrencySubdividing transactions 290Introduction to versioning Concurrency for backupsWhy concurrency benefits you Concurrency and IQ Multiplex292 Table-level versioningOne writer and multiple readers at the table level 293 Only one writer at a timeMultiple writers and readers in a database 294Transactions use committed data 295Timing of commits on read transactions affects versions 296Hold cursors span transactions 297298 How Adaptive Server IQ keeps track of versionsVersioning of temporary tables Locks for DML operations Versioning prevents inconsistenciesHow locking works 299300 Locks for DDL operationsHow locking works 301 Isolation levels Isolation levelsPrimary keys and locking 302Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback 303Checkpoints Checkpoints aid in recoveryWhen checkpoints occur Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback305 Savepoints within transactionsReleasing savepoints Naming and nesting savepoints Rolling back to a savepointAutomatic and user-defined savepoints Following scenarioWhat causes a rollback System recoveryRolling back transactions Effect of rollbackHow transaction information aids recovery 308Performance implications 309310 Overlapping versions and deletionsPerformance implications Cursors in transactions 311Cursor scrolling Cursors and versioningCursor sensitivity Cursors in transactionsPositioned operations Cursor command syntax and examplesHold cursors Controlling message logging for cursors314 Introduction to international languages and character sets Adaptive Server IQ international featuresInstallation to handle international language issues 315Introduction to international languages and character sets Using the default collationCharacter set questions and answers 316International Languages and Character Sets Understanding character sets in softwarePieces in the character set puzzle 317Database server software messages Applications can cause Language issues in client/server computing318 Code pages in Windows and Windows NT 319Ansi and OEM code pages in Windows and Windows NT 320Multibyte character sets 321First-byte collation orderings for multibyte character sets Sorting characters using collationsInternational aspects of case sensitivity 322Case insensitivity of identifiers Understanding localesIntroduction to locales 323324 Understanding the locale languageUnderstanding locales Alternative Language label Label ISO639 language code Understanding the locale character set325 Character set Label Iana label Description Equivalent Iana labels and a description326 327 Understanding the locale collation label Setting the Sqllocale environment variableUnderstanding collations Displaying collations329 Supplied collationsFollowing collations are supplied with Adaptive Server IQ Collation Label Type Description330 Ansi or OEM? 331332 333 334 335 Character translation for database messages Using multibyte collationsUnderstanding character set translation Understanding character set translation337 To use character translation for database messages338 Connection strings and character setsAvoiding character-set translation Language Character set Collation internals339 Collation internals Comment linesTitle line 340Following are some sample lines for a collation Specification DescriptionCollation sequence section 341Following is part of the Shift-JIS collation file Encodings sectionThat will be sorted together 342Properties section 343To configure your character set environment Finding the default collationConfiguring your character set environment International language and character set tasks345 You can determine locale information using system functionsDetermining locale information To determine the locale of a database serverYour current machine Setting localesCreating a database with a named collation 346List the supplied collation sequences 347To enable character-set translation on a database server Starting a database server using character set translationUsing Odbc code page translation Or on UnixSet the Dbisql option CHAROEMTranslation to a value of OFF Character set translation for Sybase Central and DbisqlCreating a custom collation 349350 351 Compatibility issuesCreating a database with a custom collation To create a database with a custom collation352 Performance issuesPerformance issues 353 An overview of database permissionsManage user IDs 354 DBA authority overviewAn overview of database permissions Table and views permissions overview Resource authority overviewOwnership permissions overview Managing User IDs and Permissions356 Managing individual user IDs and permissionsGroup permissions overview Creating new users Changing a passwordWith the following command 357Granting DBA and resource authority 358Granting permissions on tables and views 359360 Granting users the right to grant permissionsContext of groups in Permissions of groups To grant user permission on tables in Sybase Central361 Granting permissions on proceduresTo grant user permissions on procedures in Sybase Central Revoking user permissions 362Creating groups To create a group with a name and passwordManaging groups 363364 Granting group membership to usersManaging groups To create a group in Sybase Central365 Permissions of groupsReferring to tables owned by groups Groups without passwords 366367 Database object names and prefixesSpecial groups Database object names and prefixes 368369 Using views and procedures for extra securityFollowing command will now work 370 Using views for tailored securityUsing views and procedures for extra security 371 Using procedures for tailored securityGrant permission for the Sales Manager to examine this view How user permissions are assessed How user permissions are assessedManaging the resources connections use Be modified is strictly definedTemporary Store 373Limits the number of prepared Users and permissions in the system tablesUsers and permissions in the system tables 374375 Default ContentsViews Default Contents 376 Backup protects your data 377Backing up your database Types of backupsData in backups Backing up your database379 Transaction log in backup, restore, and recoveryBackup and Data Recovery Tape backup requirements Distribution of backup dataDisk backup requirements Selecting archive devicesRewinding tapes Preparing for backupObtaining DBA privileges 381You can run Backup in two ways Retaining old disk backupsTwo ways to run Backup Estimating Media CapacityTo back up an IQ database, use the following syntax Concurrency and backupsBackup statement 383Specifying archive devices Specifying the type of backupSpecifying operator presence 384385 386 387 Waiting for Tape Devices Backup ExamplesOther backup options 388Recovery attempts Recovery from errors during backupChecking for backup space 389Do not specify the Stacker or Size parameters After you complete a backupPerforming backups with non-Sybase products 390391 Performing system-level backupsShutting down the database Backing up the right files Restoring from a system-level backupPerforming system-level backups 392For this size database It takes about this long Validating your database393 394 Interpreting resultsValidating your database Orphaned block statistic MeaningConcurrency issues for spiqcheckdb 395Restoring your databases Before you restoreRestoring your databases 396Restore accommodates dbspace changes 397Specifying files for an incremental restore Restoring disk backup filesRestoring tape backup files Keeping the database unchanged between restoresTo restore a database, use the following syntax Restore statementRestoring from a compatible backup 399Moving database files 400401 402 Displaying header information Adjusting data sources and configuration filesRestoring in the correct order 403404 Set, and the restore order, are as followsSet must be restored first, and must be in the first device Switch Description Renaming the transaction log after you restoreDblog command-line utility 405Transaction log utility options Validating the database after you restoreRestore requires exclusive write access Maintaining a transaction log or mirrorDisplaying header information 407408 Recovery from errors during restoreUsing Symbolic Links Unix Only Unattended backup 409Getting information about backups and restores Getting information about backups and restoresLocating the backup log 410Content of the backup log 411Recording dbspace names Maintaining the backup logViewing the backup log in Sybase Central 412Determining your data backup and recovery strategy 413Determining your data backup and recovery strategy Scheduling routine backupsDetermining the type of backup 414Increasing the number of archive devices Designating Backup and Restore ResponsibilitiesImproving performance for backup and restore 415Eliminating data verification Spooling backup dataIncreasing memory used during backup Balancing system loadControlling the size of the Catalog Store 417418 Introduction to performance terms DBA can tune performance by adjusting resource usageYour hardware and software configuration Designing for performanceOverview of memory use Overview of memory usePaging increases available memory 420Managing System Resources Utilities to monitor swappingServer memory 421422 Managing buffer cachesDetermining the sizes of the buffer caches 423 Operating system and other applicationsAdaptive Server IQ memory overhead Raw partitions versus file systems Multi-user database access424 Memory requirements for loadsBuffer caches and physical memory Adaptive Server IQ main and temp buffer caches425 Other considerations Example of setting buffer cache sizes426 Memory available for buffer caches Example427 Setting buffer cache sizesMethods of adjusting buffer cache sizes To change the buffer cache sizes permanently Setting buffer cache size database options428 Normally you change the buffer cache sizes by setting Setting buffer cache size server switchesSetting the page size Specifying page sizeBlock size 430Saving memory Decrease buffer cache settingsAdjust blocking factor for loads Data compressionOptimizing for large numbers of users IQ command line option changesActively using the database Use the following guideline to determine Block FactorSystem parameters Command and set rlimfdmax=4096 in /etc/systemIQ Temp space 433Platform-specific memory options 434Options that can provide more memory Recommendations for small memory configurationsPhysical size of memory on the system 435436 Controlling file system buffering You must then restart the server with the following commandManaging large buffer caches on HP 437438 Options for Java-enabled databasesOther ways to get more memory Process threading model 439Process threading model Insufficient threads errorIQ options for managing thread usage 440441 Balancing I/ORaw I/O on Unix operating systems Setting up disk striping on Windows NT Using disk stripingSetting up disk striping on Unix Balancing I/O443 Internal stripingRecommendations for disk striping 444 Disk striping optionDisk striping hints Transaction log file Using multiple dbspacesTemporary data with the Create Dbspace command Across multiple disks446 Strategic file locationsMessage log Working space for inserting, deleting, and synchronizing 447Restricting concurrent queries Options for tuning resource useOptions for tuning resource use 448Forcing cursors to be non-scrolling Limiting a query’s memory useLimiting queries by rows returned 449Lowering a connection’s priority Limiting the number of cursorsLimiting the number of statements Prefetching cache pagesOptimizing for typical usage Restricting database accessOther ways to improve resource use Disk cachingPicking the right index type Using RAM diskIndexing tips Indexing tips453 Using join indexesAllowing enough disk space for deletions Denormalizing for performance Managing database size and structureManaging the size of your database Managing database size and structurePerformance benefits of denormalization Denormalization has risksDisadvantages of denormalization 455Tips for structuring queries Improving your queriesDeciding to denormalize Improving your queries457 Planning queriesQuery evaluation options Setting query optimization options 458459 Network performanceImproving large data transfers 460 Isolate heavy network usersNetwork performance Put small amounts of data in small packets 461Put large amounts of data in large packets 462463 Process at the server levelFilter as much data as possible at the server level 464 Viewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment Getting information using stored proceduresOther chapters of this guide for more tuning hints Set to control resource use, see , Managing SystemViewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment 466Starting the buffer cache monitor Monitoring and Tuning PerformanceMonitoring the buffer caches 467Monitoring the buffer caches 468469 470 471 472 Stopping the buffer cache monitorExamining and saving monitor results Into dummytablename Stop Monitor473 Examples of monitor resultsBuffer cache 474 Results for the memory manager are -contentionresults for the main cache are-contentionresults for the temp cache are 475476 Avoiding buffer manager thrashingAvoiding buffer manager thrashing Here is an example Monitoring paging on Windows NT systemsMonitoring paging on Unix systems 477478 System utilities to monitor CPU use 479System utilities to monitor CPU use 480Restrictions for creating and running these applications Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQData server for client applications 481Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQ 482Adaptive Server IQ as a Data Server Configuring IQ Servers with DseditInterfaces file 483Starting Dsedit Using the Dsedit utilityOpening a Directory Services session 484Interfaces file sql.ini Adding a server entryAdding or changing the server address Select a server entry in the Server boxNetwork Settings, in the Control Panel 486487 Verifying the server addressRenaming a server entry Deleting server entries Sybase applications and Adaptive Server IQOpen Client applications and Adaptive Server IQ 488Starting the database server as an Open Server Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open ServerSystem requirements 489490 Configuring your database for use with Open ClientSetting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open Server Option Set to Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connections491 492 Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connectionsTo change the option settings for TDS connections 493 Servers with multiple databasesTo connect to the livecredit server, use this syntax 494 Index 495Index 496497 WINLATIN1498 Datetime499 Odbc Unix500 501 DDL502 Pipenotconnected503 504 See Also Dbisql505 506 507 Null508 TCP/IP509 See Also stored510 Rawdetect511 512 513 514 515 516