Xii | Sybase 12.4.2 specification

Contents
	Managing individual user IDs and permissions	356
	Creating new users	357
	Changing a password	357
	Granting DBA and resource authority	358
	Granting permissions on tables and views	359
	Granting users the right to grant permissions	360
	Granting permissions on procedures	361
	Revoking user permissions	362
	Managing groups	363
	Creating groups	363
	Granting group membership to users	364
	Permissions of groups	365
	Referring to tables owned by groups	365
	Groups without passwords	366
	Special groups	367
	Database object names and prefixes	367
	Using views and procedures for extra security	369
	Using views for tailored security	370
	Using procedures for tailored security	371
	How user permissions are assessed	372
	Managing the resources connections use	372
	Users and permissions in the system tables	374
CHAPTER 11	Backup and Data Recovery	377
	Backup protects your data	377
	Backing up your database	378
	Types of backups	378
	Selecting archive devices	380
	Preparing for backup	381
	Concurrency and backups	383
	The BACKUP statement	383
	Backup Examples	388
	Recovery from errors during backup	389
	After you complete a backup	390
	Performing backups with non-Sybase products	390
	Performing system-level backups	391
	Shutting down the database	391
	Backing up the right files	392
	Restoring from a system-level backup	392
	Validating your database	393
	Interpreting results	394
	Concurrency issues for sp_iqcheckdb	395
	Restoring your databases	396
	Before you restore	396

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Sybase 12.4.2 manual Xii

Contents

Administration and Performance Guide Adaptive Server IQ Document ID Contents Contents 100 101103 104 Contents Deleting views 131 Views in the system tables 132135 138 Vii Viii Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253 255273 277 Contents Referential integrity is unenforced 284 285299 309 323 339352 Managing User IDs and Permissions Xii Xiii 448 454459 467 473 476479 481 Xvi How to use this book AudienceXvii Guide to using this book To learn how to Read this chapter Related documentsRelated documents Documentation for Adaptive Server IQ About This Book Xix Related documents Overview of IQ system administration Introduction to Adaptive Server IQ System administration tasks System administration tasks Overview of Adaptive Server IQ System Administration Administrative tasksSecurity overview Tools for system administration Tools for system administrationTypes of users Granting permissions Database server Catalogs and IQ Adaptive Server Anywhere and Adaptive Server IQ IQ StoreTemporary Store Catalog Store Stored procedures Concurrent operations Adaptive Server IQ stored procedures Stored procedures Adaptive Server Enterprise system and catalog procedures Stored Procedures for the IQ Store Procedure name Purpose Adaptive Server Enterprise system procedures System procedure Description Catalog stored procedures Adaptive Server Enterprise catalog proceduresCatalog procedure Description Procedure name Purpose System tables and views System tables and viewsSystem table Description Sysdomain Syslogin System view Description Sysuserauth Commands and Functions Commands and FunctionsTypes of SQL statements Functions Message logging Manipulate date and time data for example, TODAY, DatediffFourth line of the file contains version information Utility database Utility database Compatibility with earlier versions Compatibility with earlier versions Starting the database server Server command lines Server command linesGeneral form for the server command line is as follows Starting the server on Unix Running Adaptive Server IQ Using the startup utility To start the server on Unix using the startup utilityStarting the server on Unix Typing the server startup command Starting the server on Windows NT Starting the server from the NT Start menuStarting the server on Windows NT Running the server outside the current session Using command-line switches Running the server as a Windows NT serviceUsing command-line switches Running the Unix database server as a daemon Case sensitivity Using configuration files Elora 16M Tcpipport=2367 -gm Gp 4096 path\mydb.db Naming the server and databases Required if you do not supply a databaseWindow Database started Sample database on that server Controlling performance from the command line Setting memory switches Default value of -iqgovernis 2 x the number of CPUs +10 This switch as the number of megabytes of wired memoryUse Concurrent user connections on a particular server Setting switches that affect timing Controlling permissions from the command line Other performance-related switches Setting a maximum Catalog page size Setting up a client/server environment Selecting communications protocols Limiting inactive connections Starting a server in forced recovery mode Starting a server from DbisqlServer from Dbisql Connections, and Catalog page size Monitoring server activity Starting multiple servers or clients on the same machineCapture server activity in a log file Log file name has this format Monitoring server activity Stopping the database server Stopping the database server PID Who can stop the server? Shutting down operating system sessionsFollowing example stops a server from Dbisql Will be stopped even if there are connections to it Starting and stopping databases Starting and stopping databases From a command line, type the following command Command that executes when you perform these steps isStarting the asiqdemo database Starting and stopping Sybase Central Starting and stopping Sybase Central Connecting a plug-in Connecting to a plug-in Introduction to connections Stopping Sybase CentralIntroduction to connections How connections are established If you want Consider reading Connection parameters specify connections Connection parameters are passed as connection stringsFollowing form This is equivalent to the following connection string Simple connection examples Connecting to a database from Dbisql Simple connection examplesIf you need to start the sample database, enter To connect from a Unix system To connect from a Windows NT system Connecting to other databases from Dbisql PasswordEnter the user ID Connecting to an embedded database Start Dbisql by typing at a system command promptTo connect to a database from Dbisql on Unix Extra cache needed for Java To connect to an embedded database from Dbsql in Windows NT Connecting using a data source To connect using a data source Connecting to a server on a network Using default connection parameters Connecting from Adaptive Server IQ utilities Named server, using the default databaseYou may connect to the wrong server Database Working with Odbc data sources DSNs and FILEDSNs Working with Odbc data sources Creating and editing Odbc data sources Creating and editing Odbc data sources You could also use the host network address. For exampleTo create an Odbc User Data Source To test an Odbc Data Source Configuring Odbc data sources Odbc tab Prevent Driver Not Capable errors Login tab Database tabSelecting this Network tab Advanced tab Enter any additional switches here Creating a File Data SourceName of the file Which the debugging information is to be saved Using Odbc data sources on Unix Using Odbc data sources on Unix Connection parameters Short Parameter Form Argument Description Connection parameters Not supported in Odbc connections ParametersOr NO, OFF, 0, or False if false Connection parameters and their values are case insensitive Specify database files using DBF Specify database names using DBNConnection parameter priorities Use the Start parameter to specify cache size How Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Steps in establishing a connection Locating the interface library How Adaptive Server IQ makes connectionsUnix dblib6 with an operating system-specific extension Assembling a list of connection parameters Connection fileAutoStop Ignored if the database is already loaded Parameter Is already running Locating a server Ways by supplying network communication parameters How Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Locating the database Server name caching for faster connections Connecting from other databases Interactive SQL connections Using an integrated login Using an integrated login Using integrated logins Enabling the integrated login featureTo use an integrated login Creating an integrated login To map an integrated login from Sybase CentralTo map an integrate login using a SQL statement Connecting from a client application Following Dbisql statementCan connect to a database if all the following are true Security concerns unrestricted database access Setting temporary public options for added security Network aspects of integrated logins Creating a default integrated login user Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connections What to do if you can’t start Adaptive Server IQEnsure that your files are valid Debugging network communications startup problems Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connectionsEnsure that network communication software is running Check environment variables What to do if you can’t connect to a database Resolving problems with your Dbisql window on Unix Stopping a database server in an emergency Unix Running Adaptive Server IQ Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connections Building Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases Designing your database Using Sybase Central to work with database objects Tools for working with database objectsBuilding Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases 100 Step-by-step overview of database setup Using Dbisql to work with database objectsWorking with Database Objects 101 To set up an IQ database Scheduling data definition tasks102 Extending data definition privileges 103 Selecting a device type Allocating space for databases104 Estimating space and dbspaces required 105 Working with databases Working with databases106 Creating a database 107 108 109 110 Choosing an IQ page size 111 Specifying the size of your database Choosing a Catalog page size112 Choosing a block size for your database Enabling Java in the databaseIQ Store size is 8MB and the Temporary Store is 4MB 113 Adding dbspaces 114 115 To create a dbspace in Sybase Central Dropping dbspaces 116 ======================================================= 117 Working with tables Dropping a databaseCreating tables Working with tables 119 Types of tables 120 Table placement Type of table Permitted placement Default placementAutomatic index creation for IQ tables 121 Optimizing storage and query performance Data type of the column and its widthSee the following table for implications of IQ Unique 122 Altering tables 123 Dropping tables 124To drop a table in Sybase Central Creating primary and foreign keys 125To create a primary key in Sybase Central 126 Working with views Table information in the system tables127 To create an unenforced foreign key in Sybase Central Creating views Working with viewsDefinition in the database system tables 128 Using views 129To create a view in Sybase Central Modifying views Permissions on viewsAn existing view definition Alter View statement maintains the permissions on the view Deleting views Views in the system tables131 Working with indexes Introduction to indexesWorking with indexes 132 Creating indexes Indexes in the system tables133 Removing indexes 134 Overview of indexes Adaptive Server IQ index typesIndexing 135 Overview of indexes 136 Benefits over traditional indexes Adaptive Server IQ Indexes137 Creating Adaptive Server IQ indexes Create Index statementCreating Adaptive Server IQ indexes Region column of the salesorder table Creating an index with Sybase Central Creating indexes concurrently139 To create an index with Sybase Central Choosing an index type Choosing an index type140 Number of unique values in the index Types of queries141 142 Query type/indexType of Query Usage Recommended Index Type Only the default index supports the following data types Indexing criteria disk space usageData types in the index 143 Adaptive Server IQ index types Combining index typesAdaptive Server IQ index types 144 Default column index LowFast LF index typeProjections on few rows Recommended use HighGroup HG index type Advantages and disadvantages of LowFastComparison with other indexes Additional indexes Advantages and disadvantages of HighGroup Automatic creation of HighGroup index147 HG advantages/disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages HighNonGroup HNG index type Advantages and disadvantages of HighNonGroup148 Optimizing performance for ad hoc joins Comparison to other indexesHighGroup index is also appropriate for an HNG column 149 Selecting an index 150Criteria to identify Index to select Using join indexes Adding column indexes after inserting dataJoin indexes improve query performance 151 When a join becomes ad hoc How join indexes are used for queriesRelationships in join indexes Join hierarchy overview Columns in the join index 153 Join hierarchy in query resolution One-to-many relationship154 155 Custid Lname Multiple table joins and performance 156 Steps in creating a join index 157 Synchronizing join indexes Privileges needed to create a join index158 Defining join relationships between tables Performance hints for synchronization159 Using foreign references Examples of join relationships in table definitions160 Specifying the join type when creating a join index Specifying relationships when creating a join index161 Parameters of this command are Issuing the Create Join Index statement162 163 Creating a join index in Sybase Central Types of join hierarchies164 To add a join index in Sybase Central Linear joins Star joins165 You can create this table using the following commands Another table166 Modifying tables included in a join index 167 Inserting or deleting from tables in a join index 168 Table versioning controls access to join indexes Estimating the size of a join index169 Estimating the size of a join index 170 Import and export overview Import and export methodsDatabases 171 Input and output data formats Import and export overview172 File Format Description Scheduling database updates Permissions for modifying dataSpecifying an output format for Interactive SQL Moving Data In and Out of Databases Using output redirection Exporting data from a databaseExporting data from a database 174 Bulk loading data using the Load Table statement Null value output175 Bulk loading data using the Load Table statement 176Format ’ascii’ ’binary’ Delimited by string Quotes on OFF Escapes on OFF Escape Character character 177 Binary with Null Byte Prefix 1 2 4 ’delimiter-string’ 178 179 180 181 Block Factor number Block Size numberPreview on OFF ROW Delimited by ’delimiter-string’ Start ROW ID number On default is NATIVE. You can also specify Specifies the byte ordering during reads. ThisEndian platforms like DEC ALPHA, and Windows NT Here is a Windows NT example Table. The default is 0 for no limit Specifies the maximum number of rows to insert intoOptions work together 183 184 Following Windows NT example sets the column delimiter for Carriage return \x0dWith the Limit option, and takes precedence over it 185 186 Interpreting notification messages Memory messageThis message displays memory usage information 187 Main IQ Store blocks messages IQ Temporary Store blocks messageMain buffer cache activity message 188 Temporary buffer cache message Controlling message loggingThese lines display information about the Temp buffer cache See the description for the Main buffer cache message above Using the Insert statement Using the Insert statementInserting specified values row by row 190 Inserting selected rows from the database Complete description of Adaptive Server IQ data typesFollowing example adds 1995-06-09 into the lshipdate column Into the lorderkey column in the lineitem table Inserting from a different database Inserting selected rows from the database192 Issue a Commit to commit the insert Lineitem table in the current database193 To insert data directly from Adaptive Server Enterprise 194 Importing data interactively Inserting into tables of a join index195 Inserting into primary and foreign key columns Inserting into primary and foreign key columns196 Partial-width insertions 197 Partial-width insertion rules Partial-width insertions198 Query Additional columnsInstead of the correct number 199 Start ROW ID option in the second Load Table statement 200 Index 201 Converting data on insertion Converting data on insertion202 203 Inserting data from pre-Version 12 Adaptive Server IQ Load conversion options204 Conversion options for loading from flat files Data conversions in IQ 205 206 IQ conversions for comparison operations 207 IQ conversions for arithmetic operations Column width issues Using the Ascii conversion option208 209 Date Option Substitution of Null or blank charactersSpecifying the Date Format 210 211 Setting Year specified as Years assumed Datetime conversion option212 Specifying the format for Datetime conversions 213 214 Formatting times10 Datetime format options Where Blanks indicates that blanks convert to Nulls Working With Nulls215 Other factors affecting the display of data Other factors affecting the display of data216 Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise data types Unsupported Adaptive Server Enterprise data types217 Adaptive Server Enterprise data type equivalents Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise data types218 219 Adaptive Server Adaptive Server IQ Enterprise Datatype13 Character data types Adaptive Server Enterprise Datatype IQ Datatype Handling conversion errors on data import 22015 DATE/TIME data types Tuning bulk loading of data Improving load performance during database definitionOptimizing for the number of distinct values Creating indexes Setting server startup options Adjusting your environment at load timeTuning bulk loading of data Adding dbspaces Reducing Main IQ Store space use in incremental loads 223 Changing data using Update Changing data using Update224 Deleting data 225 Importing data by replication Importing data by replication226 227 228 Overview of procedures Adaptive Server IQStatements, are also available in batches 229 Benefits of procedures Introduction to proceduresBenefits of procedures 230 Creating procedures Using Procedures and Batches231 Calling procedures Dropping proceduresIntroduction to procedures 232 Permissions to execute procedures Returning procedure results in parameters233 Returning procedure results in result sets 234Employee ID Salary Introduction to user-defined functions Creating user-defined functions235 Calling user-defined functions Introduction to user-defined functions236 Fullname empfname, emplname Dropping user-defined functions Permissions to execute user-defined functionsFollowing statement revokes permission to use the function 237 Introduction to batches Introduction to batches238 Control statements 239Dbisql and batches Using compound statements Control statements240 Control statement Syntax Declarations in compound statements 241 Atomic compound statements 242 Structure of procedures SQL statements allowed in procedures243 Declaring parameters for procedures Structure of procedures244 Passing parameters to procedures Passing parameters to functionsOr as follows 245 Returning results from procedures Returning a value using the Return statementReturning results from procedures 246 Returning results as procedure parameters 247 Declared in the procedure argument list Show the number of orders placed by the customer with IDCustomerID parameter is declared as an in parameter. This Orders variable that is returned to the calling environment Returning result sets from procedures 249 Returning multiple result sets from procedures Returning variable result sets from proceduresProcedure 250 Using cursors in procedures 251 Using cursors in procedures Cursor management overviewCursor positioning 252 Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253 254 Errors and warnings in procedures 255 Default error handling in procedures Errors and warnings in procedures256 257 Error handling with on Exception Resume 258 259 On Exception Resume Begin Default handling of warnings in procedures 260 Using exception handlers in procedures 261 262 Nested compound statements and exception handlers 263 Using the Execute Immediate statement in procedures Following statement executes the InnerProc procedure264 Transactions and savepoints in procedures Some tips for writing proceduresCheck if you need to change the command delimiter 265 Remember to delimit statements within your procedure Use fully-qualified names for tables in proceduresSpecifying dates and times in procedures Some tips for writing procedures Verifying procedure input arguments Statements allowed in batches267 Calling external libraries from procedures Using Select statements in batches268 Creating procedures and functions with external calls 269 External function declarations Following form for Microsoft Visual C++270 How parameters are passed to the external function 271 Special considerations when passing character types 272 Data integrity overview How data can become invalid273 Integrity constraints belong in the database Data integrity overview274 How database contents get changed Data integrity tools SQL statements for implementing integrity constraints 276 Using table and column constraints Using Unique constraints on columns or tables277 Using IQ Unique constraint on columns Using Check conditions on columnsUsing table and column constraints 278 Column Check conditions from user-defined data types Option279 Using Check conditions on tables Working with column constraints in Sybase CentralModifying and deleting Check conditions 280 Declaring entity and referential integrity 281 Enforcing entity integrity If a client application breaches entity integrity282 Primary keys enforce entity integrity Declaring referential integrity283 How you define foreign keys Referential integrity is unenforced284 Integrity rules in the system tables 285 Integrity rules in the system tables 286 Performance and other aspects of database administration Overview of transactions and versioningIntroduction to transactions Transactions are logical units of work Using transactions Starting transactionsCompleting transactions Overview of transactions and versioning Options in Dbisql Committing a transaction writes data to diskTransactions and Versioning 289 Introduction to concurrency Subdividing transactionsHow concurrency works in IQ 290 Concurrency for backups Why concurrency benefits youIntroduction to versioning Concurrency and IQ Multiplex Table-level versioning One writer and multiple readers at the table level292 293 Only one writer at a time Multiple writers and readers in a database 294 Transactions use committed data 295 Timing of commits on read transactions affects versions 296 Hold cursors span transactions 297 How Adaptive Server IQ keeps track of versions Versioning of temporary tables298 Versioning prevents inconsistencies How locking worksLocks for DML operations 299 Locks for DDL operations How locking works300 301 Isolation levels Primary keys and lockingIsolation levels 302 Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback 303 Checkpoints aid in recovery When checkpoints occurCheckpoints Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback Savepoints within transactions Releasing savepoints305 Rolling back to a savepoint Automatic and user-defined savepointsNaming and nesting savepoints Following scenario System recovery Rolling back transactionsWhat causes a rollback Effect of rollback How transaction information aids recovery 308 Performance implications 309 Overlapping versions and deletions Performance implications310 Cursors in transactions 311 Cursors and versioning Cursor sensitivityCursor scrolling Cursors in transactions Cursor command syntax and examples Hold cursorsPositioned operations Controlling message logging for cursors 314 Adaptive Server IQ international features Installation to handle international language issuesIntroduction to international languages and character sets 315 Using the default collation Character set questions and answersIntroduction to international languages and character sets 316 Understanding character sets in software Pieces in the character set puzzleInternational Languages and Character Sets 317 Language issues in client/server computing 318Database server software messages Applications can cause Code pages in Windows and Windows NT 319 Ansi and OEM code pages in Windows and Windows NT 320 Multibyte character sets 321 Sorting characters using collations International aspects of case sensitivityFirst-byte collation orderings for multibyte character sets 322 Understanding locales Introduction to localesCase insensitivity of identifiers 323 Understanding the locale language Understanding locales324 Understanding the locale character set 325Alternative Language label Label ISO639 language code Equivalent Iana labels and a description 326Character set Label Iana label Description 327 Setting the Sqllocale environment variable Understanding collationsUnderstanding the locale collation label Displaying collations Supplied collations Following collations are supplied with Adaptive Server IQ329 Collation Label Type Description 330 Ansi or OEM? 331 332 333 334 335 Using multibyte collations Understanding character set translationCharacter translation for database messages Understanding character set translation 337 To use character translation for database messages Connection strings and character sets Avoiding character-set translation338 Collation internals 339Language Character set Comment lines Title lineCollation internals 340 Specification Description Collation sequence sectionFollowing are some sample lines for a collation 341 Encodings section That will be sorted togetherFollowing is part of the Shift-JIS collation file 342 Properties section 343 Finding the default collation Configuring your character set environmentTo configure your character set environment International language and character set tasks You can determine locale information using system functions Determining locale information345 To determine the locale of a database server Setting locales Creating a database with a named collationYour current machine 346 List the supplied collation sequences 347 Starting a database server using character set translation Using Odbc code page translationTo enable character-set translation on a database server Or on Unix Character set translation for Sybase Central and Dbisql Creating a custom collationSet the Dbisql option CHAROEMTranslation to a value of OFF 349 350 Compatibility issues Creating a database with a custom collation351 To create a database with a custom collation Performance issues Performance issues352 An overview of database permissions Manage user IDs353 DBA authority overview An overview of database permissions354 Resource authority overview Ownership permissions overviewTable and views permissions overview Managing User IDs and Permissions Managing individual user IDs and permissions Group permissions overview356 Changing a password With the following commandCreating new users 357 Granting DBA and resource authority 358 Granting permissions on tables and views 359 Granting users the right to grant permissions Context of groups in Permissions of groups360 To grant user permission on tables in Sybase Central Granting permissions on procedures To grant user permissions on procedures in Sybase Central361 Revoking user permissions 362 To create a group with a name and password Managing groupsCreating groups 363 Granting group membership to users Managing groups364 To create a group in Sybase Central Permissions of groups Referring to tables owned by groups365 Groups without passwords 366 Database object names and prefixes Special groups367 Database object names and prefixes 368 Using views and procedures for extra security Following command will now work369 Using views for tailored security Using views and procedures for extra security370 Using procedures for tailored security Grant permission for the Sales Manager to examine this view371 How user permissions are assessed Managing the resources connections useHow user permissions are assessed Be modified is strictly defined Temporary Store 373 Users and permissions in the system tables Users and permissions in the system tablesLimits the number of prepared 374 Default Contents Views Default Contents375 376 Backup protects your data 377 Types of backups Data in backupsBacking up your database Backing up your database Transaction log in backup, restore, and recovery Backup and Data Recovery379 Distribution of backup data Disk backup requirementsTape backup requirements Selecting archive devices Preparing for backup Obtaining DBA privilegesRewinding tapes 381 Retaining old disk backups Two ways to run BackupYou can run Backup in two ways Estimating Media Capacity Concurrency and backups Backup statementTo back up an IQ database, use the following syntax 383 Specifying the type of backup Specifying operator presenceSpecifying archive devices 384 385 386 387 Backup Examples Other backup optionsWaiting for Tape Devices 388 Recovery from errors during backup Checking for backup spaceRecovery attempts 389 After you complete a backup Performing backups with non-Sybase productsDo not specify the Stacker or Size parameters 390 Performing system-level backups Shutting down the database391 Restoring from a system-level backup Performing system-level backupsBacking up the right files 392 Validating your database 393For this size database It takes about this long Interpreting results Validating your database394 Orphaned block statistic Meaning Concurrency issues for spiqcheckdb 395 Before you restore Restoring your databasesRestoring your databases 396 Restore accommodates dbspace changes 397 Restoring disk backup files Restoring tape backup filesSpecifying files for an incremental restore Keeping the database unchanged between restores Restore statement Restoring from a compatible backupTo restore a database, use the following syntax 399 Moving database files 400 401 402 Adjusting data sources and configuration files Restoring in the correct orderDisplaying header information 403 Set, and the restore order, are as follows Set must be restored first, and must be in the first device404 Renaming the transaction log after you restore Dblog command-line utilitySwitch Description 405 Validating the database after you restore Restore requires exclusive write accessTransaction log utility options Maintaining a transaction log or mirror Displaying header information 407 Recovery from errors during restore Using Symbolic Links Unix Only408 Unattended backup 409 Getting information about backups and restores Locating the backup logGetting information about backups and restores 410 Content of the backup log 411 Maintaining the backup log Viewing the backup log in Sybase CentralRecording dbspace names 412 Determining your data backup and recovery strategy 413 Scheduling routine backups Determining the type of backupDetermining your data backup and recovery strategy 414 Designating Backup and Restore Responsibilities Improving performance for backup and restoreIncreasing the number of archive devices 415 Spooling backup data Increasing memory used during backupEliminating data verification Balancing system load Controlling the size of the Catalog Store 417 418 DBA can tune performance by adjusting resource usage Your hardware and software configurationIntroduction to performance terms Designing for performance Overview of memory use Paging increases available memoryOverview of memory use 420 Utilities to monitor swapping Server memoryManaging System Resources 421 Managing buffer caches Determining the sizes of the buffer caches422 Operating system and other applications Adaptive Server IQ memory overhead423 Multi-user database access 424Raw partitions versus file systems Memory requirements for loads Adaptive Server IQ main and temp buffer caches 425Buffer caches and physical memory Example of setting buffer cache sizes 426Other considerations Memory available for buffer caches Example Setting buffer cache sizes Methods of adjusting buffer cache sizes427 Setting buffer cache size database options 428To change the buffer cache sizes permanently Setting buffer cache size server switches Setting the page sizeNormally you change the buffer cache sizes by setting Specifying page size Block size 430 Decrease buffer cache settings Adjust blocking factor for loadsSaving memory Data compression IQ command line option changes Actively using the databaseOptimizing for large numbers of users Use the following guideline to determine Block Factor Command and set rlimfdmax=4096 in /etc/system IQ Temp spaceSystem parameters 433 Platform-specific memory options 434 Recommendations for small memory configurations Physical size of memory on the systemOptions that can provide more memory 435 436 You must then restart the server with the following command Managing large buffer caches on HPControlling file system buffering 437 Options for Java-enabled databases Other ways to get more memory438 Process threading model 439 Insufficient threads error IQ options for managing thread usageProcess threading model 440 Balancing I/O Raw I/O on Unix operating systems441 Using disk striping Setting up disk striping on UnixSetting up disk striping on Windows NT Balancing I/O Internal striping Recommendations for disk striping443 Disk striping option Disk striping hints444 Using multiple dbspaces Temporary data with the Create Dbspace commandTransaction log file Across multiple disks Strategic file locations Message log446 Working space for inserting, deleting, and synchronizing 447 Options for tuning resource use Options for tuning resource useRestricting concurrent queries 448 Limiting a query’s memory use Limiting queries by rows returnedForcing cursors to be non-scrolling 449 Limiting the number of cursors Limiting the number of statementsLowering a connection’s priority Prefetching cache pages Restricting database access Other ways to improve resource useOptimizing for typical usage Disk caching Using RAM disk Indexing tipsPicking the right index type Indexing tips Using join indexes Allowing enough disk space for deletions453 Managing database size and structure Managing the size of your databaseDenormalizing for performance Managing database size and structure Denormalization has risks Disadvantages of denormalizationPerformance benefits of denormalization 455 Improving your queries Deciding to denormalizeTips for structuring queries Improving your queries Planning queries Query evaluation options457 Setting query optimization options 458 Network performance Improving large data transfers459 Isolate heavy network users Network performance460 Put small amounts of data in small packets 461 Put large amounts of data in large packets 462 Process at the server level Filter as much data as possible at the server level463 464 Getting information using stored procedures Other chapters of this guide for more tuning hintsViewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment Set to control resource use, see , Managing System Viewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment 466 Monitoring and Tuning Performance Monitoring the buffer cachesStarting the buffer cache monitor 467 Monitoring the buffer caches 468 469 470 471 Stopping the buffer cache monitor Examining and saving monitor results472 Into dummytablename Stop Monitor Examples of monitor results Buffer cache473 474 -contentionresults for the main cache are -contentionresults for the temp cache areResults for the memory manager are 475 Avoiding buffer manager thrashing Avoiding buffer manager thrashing476 Monitoring paging on Windows NT systems Monitoring paging on Unix systemsHere is an example 477 478 System utilities to monitor CPU use 479 System utilities to monitor CPU use 480 Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQ Data server for client applicationsRestrictions for creating and running these applications 481 Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQ 482 Configuring IQ Servers with Dsedit Interfaces fileAdaptive Server IQ as a Data Server 483 Using the Dsedit utility Opening a Directory Services sessionStarting Dsedit 484 Adding a server entry Adding or changing the server addressInterfaces file sql.ini Select a server entry in the Server box Network Settings, in the Control Panel 486 Verifying the server address Renaming a server entry487 Sybase applications and Adaptive Server IQ Open Client applications and Adaptive Server IQDeleting server entries 488 Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open Server System requirementsStarting the database server as an Open Server 489 Configuring your database for use with Open Client Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open Server490 Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connections 491Option Set to Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connections To change the option settings for TDS connections492 Servers with multiple databases To connect to the livecredit server, use this syntax493 494 Index 495 Index 496 497 WINLATIN1 498 Datetime 499 Odbc Unix 500 501 DDL 502 Pipenotconnected 503 504 See Also Dbisql 505 506 507 Null 508 TCP/IP 509 See Also stored 510 Rawdetect 511 512 513 514 515 516