Manuals / Sybase / Computer Equipment / Server

Sybase 12.4.2 manual 506

Models: 12.4.2

1 536

Page 526

Index

local temporary tables				paging	420
about	120			reducing requirements					431
locale				requirements for loads					424
character sets			336	restricting use by queries					449
language		324		See Also buffer caches					427
locales				unwired		436
about	323			wired	435
setting	346			memory message
localhost				load notification messages 187
machine name			485	message log		17
locking				Adaptive Server IQ				446
tables	299			MESSAGE statement
LOG connection parameter				procedures		257
about	73			messages
Logfile connection parameter				dropping		10
about	73			language resource library					318
LOGIN_MODE database option				memory notification				187
integrated logins 87				recorded in message log					17
logins				redirecting to files				175
integrated		86, 87		retrieving stored strings					10
LOOP statement				metadata
in procedures			253	in Catalog Store			6
syntax	239			Microsoft Access
Lotus format		172		ODBC configuration for					67
Low_Fast index				Microsoft Visual Basic
See LF index				ODBC configuration for					67
lower code page				migration	19
about	319			money data types			219
LTO connection parameter				multibyte character sets
about	73			about	321
				using	336
				multibyte characters
M				encodings		342
M				properties		343

main database				multiple databases
buffer cache size	427			DSEDIT entries 485
MAIN_CACHE_MEMORY_MB option			427	multiple record fetching
MAX_CARTESIAN_RESULT option			459	ODBC configuration		70
MAX_CURSOR_COUNT option		450		multiplex databases
MAX_STATEMENT_COUNT option 450				backups	378
memory				multiprocessor machines
connection limit	372			switch	33
creating unwired memory pool		35		multithreading
creating wired memory pool		34		performance impact		439
for Catalog Store cache 35
overhead 423

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Contents

Administration and Performance Guide Adaptive Server IQDocument ID Contents Contents 103 100101 104135 Contents Deleting views 131 Views in the system tables132 138Vii Viii 273 Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253255 277299 Contents Referential integrity is unenforced 284285 309352 323339 Managing User IDs and PermissionsXii Xiii 459 448454 467479 473476 481Xvi Audience How to use this bookXvii Related documents Guide to using this book To learn how to Read this chapterRelated documents Documentation for Adaptive Server IQAbout This Book XixRelated documents Overview of IQ system administration Introduction to Adaptive Server IQSystem administration tasks System administration tasksAdministrative tasks Overview of Adaptive Server IQ System AdministrationSecurity overview Types of users Tools for system administrationTools for system administration Granting permissionsDatabase server Catalogs and IQTemporary Store Adaptive Server Anywhere and Adaptive Server IQIQ Store Catalog StoreStored procedures Concurrent operationsAdaptive Server IQ stored procedures Stored proceduresAdaptive Server Enterprise system and catalog procedures Stored Procedures for the IQ Store Procedure name PurposeAdaptive Server Enterprise system procedures System procedure DescriptionCatalog procedure Description Catalog stored proceduresAdaptive Server Enterprise catalog procedures Procedure name PurposeSystem tables and views System tables and viewsSystem table Description Sysdomain Syslogin System view Description SysuserauthTypes of SQL statements Commands and FunctionsCommands and Functions FunctionsManipulate date and time data for example, TODAY, Datediff Message loggingFourth line of the file contains version information Utility database Utility databaseCompatibility with earlier versions Compatibility with earlier versions Starting the database server Server command lines Server command linesGeneral form for the server command line is as follows Starting the server on Unix Running Adaptive Server IQTo start the server on Unix using the startup utility Using the startup utilityStarting the server on Unix Typing the server startup command Starting the server from the NT Start menu Starting the server on Windows NTStarting the server on Windows NT Running the server outside the current session Using command-line switches Using command-line switchesRunning the server as a Windows NT service Running the Unix database server as a daemonCase sensitivity Using configuration files Elora 16M Tcpipport=2367 -gm Gp 4096 path\mydb.db Window Naming the server and databasesRequired if you do not supply a database Database startedSample database on that server Controlling performance from the command line Setting memory switchesUse Default value of -iqgovernis 2 x the number of CPUs +10This switch as the number of megabytes of wired memory Concurrent user connections on a particular serverSetting switches that affect timing Controlling permissions from the command line Other performance-related switchesSetting a maximum Catalog page size Setting up a client/server environment Selecting communications protocolsLimiting inactive connections Server from Dbisql Starting a server in forced recovery modeStarting a server from Dbisql Connections, and Catalog page sizeCapture server activity in a log file Monitoring server activityStarting multiple servers or clients on the same machine Log file name has this formatMonitoring server activity Stopping the database server Stopping the database server PIDFollowing example stops a server from Dbisql Who can stop the server?Shutting down operating system sessions Will be stopped even if there are connections to itStarting and stopping databases Starting and stopping databasesCommand that executes when you perform these steps is From a command line, type the following commandStarting the asiqdemo database Starting and stopping Sybase Central Starting and stopping Sybase CentralConnecting a plug-in Connecting to a plug-inStopping Sybase Central Introduction to connectionsIntroduction to connections How connections are established If you want Consider readingFollowing form Connection parameters specify connectionsConnection parameters are passed as connection strings This is equivalent to the following connection stringSimple connection examples If you need to start the sample database, enter Connecting to a database from DbisqlSimple connection examples To connect from a Unix systemTo connect from a Windows NT system Password Connecting to other databases from DbisqlEnter the user ID Start Dbisql by typing at a system command prompt Connecting to an embedded databaseTo connect to a database from Dbisql on Unix Extra cache needed for Java To connect to an embedded database from Dbsql in Windows NTConnecting using a data source To connect using a data sourceConnecting to a server on a network Using default connection parameters You may connect to the wrong server Connecting from Adaptive Server IQ utilitiesNamed server, using the default database DatabaseWorking with Odbc data sources DSNs and FILEDSNs Working with Odbc data sourcesCreating and editing Odbc data sources To create an Odbc User Data Source Creating and editing Odbc data sourcesYou could also use the host network address. For example To test an Odbc Data SourceConfiguring Odbc data sources Odbc tabPrevent Driver Not Capable errors Database tab Login tabSelecting this Network tab Advanced tabName of the file Enter any additional switches hereCreating a File Data Source Which the debugging information is to be savedUsing Odbc data sources on Unix Using Odbc data sources on UnixConnection parameters Short Parameter Form Argument DescriptionConnection parameters Or NO, OFF, 0, or False if false Not supported in Odbc connectionsParameters Connection parameters and their values are case insensitiveConnection parameter priorities Specify database files using DBFSpecify database names using DBN Use the Start parameter to specify cache sizeHow Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Steps in establishing a connectionHow Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Locating the interface libraryUnix dblib6 with an operating system-specific extension AutoStop Ignored if the database is already loaded Assembling a list of connection parametersConnection file ParameterIs already running Locating a server Ways by supplying network communication parametersHow Adaptive Server IQ makes connections Locating the database Server name caching for faster connections Connecting from other databases Interactive SQL connectionsUsing an integrated login Using an integrated loginEnabling the integrated login feature Using integrated loginsTo use an integrated login To map an integrated login from Sybase Central Creating an integrated loginTo map an integrate login using a SQL statement Following Dbisql statement Connecting from a client applicationCan connect to a database if all the following are true Security concerns unrestricted database access Setting temporary public options for added security Network aspects of integrated logins Creating a default integrated login userWhat to do if you can’t start Adaptive Server IQ Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connectionsEnsure that your files are valid Ensure that network communication software is running Debugging network communications startup problemsTroubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connections Check environment variablesWhat to do if you can’t connect to a database Resolving problems with your Dbisql window on Unix Stopping a database server in an emergency UnixRunning Adaptive Server IQ Troubleshooting startup, shutdown, and connections Building Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases Designing your databaseBuilding Your Adaptive Server IQ Databases Using Sybase Central to work with database objectsTools for working with database objects 100Working with Database Objects Step-by-step overview of database setupUsing Dbisql to work with database objects 101Scheduling data definition tasks To set up an IQ database102 Extending data definition privileges 103Allocating space for databases Selecting a device type104 Estimating space and dbspaces required 105Working with databases Working with databases106 Creating a database 107108 109 110 Choosing an IQ page size 111Choosing a Catalog page size Specifying the size of your database112 IQ Store size is 8MB and the Temporary Store is 4MB Choosing a block size for your databaseEnabling Java in the database 113Adding dbspaces 114115 To create a dbspace in Sybase CentralDropping dbspaces 116======================================================= 117Creating tables Working with tablesDropping a database Working with tables119 Types of tables 120Automatic index creation for IQ tables Table placementType of table Permitted placement Default placement 121See the following table for implications of IQ Unique Optimizing storage and query performanceData type of the column and its width 122Altering tables 123124 Dropping tablesTo drop a table in Sybase Central 125 Creating primary and foreign keysTo create a primary key in Sybase Central 126 127 Working with viewsTable information in the system tables To create an unenforced foreign key in Sybase CentralDefinition in the database system tables Creating viewsWorking with views 128129 Using viewsTo create a view in Sybase Central An existing view definition Modifying viewsPermissions on views Alter View statement maintains the permissions on the viewViews in the system tables Deleting views131 Working with indexes Working with indexesIntroduction to indexes 132Indexes in the system tables Creating indexes133 Removing indexes 134Indexing Overview of indexesAdaptive Server IQ index types 135Overview of indexes 136Adaptive Server IQ Indexes Benefits over traditional indexes137 Creating Adaptive Server IQ indexes Creating Adaptive Server IQ indexesCreate Index statement Region column of the salesorder table139 Creating an index with Sybase CentralCreating indexes concurrently To create an index with Sybase CentralChoosing an index type Choosing an index type140 Types of queries Number of unique values in the index141 Query type/index 142Type of Query Usage Recommended Index Type Data types in the index Only the default index supports the following data typesIndexing criteria disk space usage 143Adaptive Server IQ index types Adaptive Server IQ index typesCombining index types 144Projections on few rows Default column indexLowFast LF index type Recommended useComparison with other indexes HighGroup HG index typeAdvantages and disadvantages of LowFast Additional indexes147 Advantages and disadvantages of HighGroupAutomatic creation of HighGroup index HG advantages/disadvantages Advantages DisadvantagesAdvantages and disadvantages of HighNonGroup HighNonGroup HNG index type148 HighGroup index is also appropriate for an HNG column Optimizing performance for ad hoc joinsComparison to other indexes 149150 Selecting an indexCriteria to identify Index to select Join indexes improve query performance Using join indexesAdding column indexes after inserting data 151Relationships in join indexes When a join becomes ad hocHow join indexes are used for queries Join hierarchy overviewColumns in the join index 153One-to-many relationship Join hierarchy in query resolution154 155 Custid LnameMultiple table joins and performance 156Steps in creating a join index 157Privileges needed to create a join index Synchronizing join indexes158 Performance hints for synchronization Defining join relationships between tables159 Examples of join relationships in table definitions Using foreign references160 Specifying relationships when creating a join index Specifying the join type when creating a join index161 Issuing the Create Join Index statement Parameters of this command are162 163 164 Creating a join index in Sybase CentralTypes of join hierarchies To add a join index in Sybase CentralStar joins Linear joins165 Another table You can create this table using the following commands166 Modifying tables included in a join index 167Inserting or deleting from tables in a join index 168Estimating the size of a join index Table versioning controls access to join indexes169 Estimating the size of a join index 170Databases Import and export overviewImport and export methods 171172 Input and output data formatsImport and export overview File Format DescriptionSpecifying an output format for Interactive SQL Scheduling database updatesPermissions for modifying data Moving Data In and Out of DatabasesExporting data from a database Using output redirectionExporting data from a database 174Null value output Bulk loading data using the Load Table statement175 Format ’ascii’ ’binary’ Delimited by string Bulk loading data using the Load Table statement176 Quotes on OFF Escapes on OFF Escape Character character177 Binary with Null Byte Prefix 1 2 4 ’delimiter-string’178 179 180 Preview on OFF ROW Delimited by ’delimiter-string’ 181Block Factor number Block Size number Start ROW ID numberEndian platforms like DEC ALPHA, and Windows NT On default is NATIVE. You can also specifySpecifies the byte ordering during reads. This Here is a Windows NT exampleOptions work together Table. The default is 0 for no limitSpecifies the maximum number of rows to insert into 183184 With the Limit option, and takes precedence over it Following Windows NT example sets the column delimiter forCarriage return \x0d 185186 This message displays memory usage information Interpreting notification messagesMemory message 187Main buffer cache activity message Main IQ Store blocks messagesIQ Temporary Store blocks message 188These lines display information about the Temp buffer cache Temporary buffer cache messageControlling message logging See the description for the Main buffer cache message aboveInserting specified values row by row Using the Insert statementUsing the Insert statement 190Following example adds 1995-06-09 into the lshipdate column Inserting selected rows from the databaseComplete description of Adaptive Server IQ data types Into the lorderkey column in the lineitem tableInserting selected rows from the database Inserting from a different database192 193 Issue a Commit to commit the insertLineitem table in the current database To insert data directly from Adaptive Server Enterprise194 Inserting into tables of a join index Importing data interactively195 Inserting into primary and foreign key columns Inserting into primary and foreign key columns196 Partial-width insertions 197Partial-width insertions Partial-width insertion rules198 Instead of the correct number QueryAdditional columns 199Start ROW ID option in the second Load Table statement 200Index 201Converting data on insertion Converting data on insertion202 203 204 Inserting data from pre-Version 12 Adaptive Server IQLoad conversion options Conversion options for loading from flat filesData conversions in IQ 205206 IQ conversions for comparison operations207 IQ conversions for arithmetic operationsUsing the Ascii conversion option Column width issues208 209 Specifying the Date Format Date OptionSubstitution of Null or blank characters 210211 Datetime conversion option Setting Year specified as Years assumed212 Specifying the format for Datetime conversions 213Formatting times 21410 Datetime format options Working With Nulls Where Blanks indicates that blanks convert to Nulls215 Other factors affecting the display of data Other factors affecting the display of data216 Unsupported Adaptive Server Enterprise data types Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise data types217 Matching Adaptive Server Enterprise data types Adaptive Server Enterprise data type equivalents218 13 Character data types 219Adaptive Server Adaptive Server IQ Enterprise Datatype Adaptive Server Enterprise Datatype IQ Datatype220 Handling conversion errors on data import15 DATE/TIME data types Optimizing for the number of distinct values Tuning bulk loading of dataImproving load performance during database definition Creating indexesTuning bulk loading of data Setting server startup optionsAdjusting your environment at load time Adding dbspacesReducing Main IQ Store space use in incremental loads 223Changing data using Update Changing data using Update224 Deleting data 225Importing data by replication Importing data by replication226 227 228 Statements, are also available in batches Overview of proceduresAdaptive Server IQ 229Benefits of procedures Benefits of proceduresIntroduction to procedures 230Using Procedures and Batches Creating procedures231 Introduction to procedures Calling proceduresDropping procedures 232Returning procedure results in parameters Permissions to execute procedures233 234 Returning procedure results in result setsEmployee ID Salary Creating user-defined functions Introduction to user-defined functions235 236 Calling user-defined functionsIntroduction to user-defined functions Fullname empfname, emplnameFollowing statement revokes permission to use the function Dropping user-defined functionsPermissions to execute user-defined functions 237Introduction to batches Introduction to batches238 239 Control statementsDbisql and batches 240 Using compound statementsControl statements Control statement SyntaxDeclarations in compound statements 241Atomic compound statements 242SQL statements allowed in procedures Structure of procedures243 Structure of procedures Declaring parameters for procedures244 Or as follows Passing parameters to proceduresPassing parameters to functions 245Returning results from procedures Returning results from proceduresReturning a value using the Return statement 246Returning results as procedure parameters 247CustomerID parameter is declared as an in parameter. This Declared in the procedure argument listShow the number of orders placed by the customer with ID Orders variable that is returned to the calling environmentReturning result sets from procedures 249Procedure Returning multiple result sets from proceduresReturning variable result sets from procedures 250Using cursors in procedures 251Cursor positioning Using cursors in proceduresCursor management overview 252Using cursors on Select statements in procedures 253254 Errors and warnings in procedures 255Errors and warnings in procedures Default error handling in procedures256 257 Error handling with on Exception Resume 258259 On Exception Resume BeginDefault handling of warnings in procedures 260Using exception handlers in procedures 261262 Nested compound statements and exception handlers 263Following statement executes the InnerProc procedure Using the Execute Immediate statement in procedures264 Check if you need to change the command delimiter Transactions and savepoints in proceduresSome tips for writing procedures 265Specifying dates and times in procedures Remember to delimit statements within your procedureUse fully-qualified names for tables in procedures Some tips for writing proceduresStatements allowed in batches Verifying procedure input arguments267 Using Select statements in batches Calling external libraries from procedures268 Creating procedures and functions with external calls 269Following form for Microsoft Visual C++ External function declarations270 How parameters are passed to the external function 271Special considerations when passing character types 272How data can become invalid Data integrity overview273 Data integrity overview Integrity constraints belong in the database274 How database contents get changed Data integrity toolsSQL statements for implementing integrity constraints 276Using Unique constraints on columns or tables Using table and column constraints277 Using table and column constraints Using IQ Unique constraint on columnsUsing Check conditions on columns 278Option Column Check conditions from user-defined data types279 Modifying and deleting Check conditions Using Check conditions on tablesWorking with column constraints in Sybase Central 280Declaring entity and referential integrity 281If a client application breaches entity integrity Enforcing entity integrity282 Declaring referential integrity Primary keys enforce entity integrity283 Referential integrity is unenforced How you define foreign keys284 Integrity rules in the system tables 285Integrity rules in the system tables 286Introduction to transactions Performance and other aspects of database administrationOverview of transactions and versioning Transactions are logical units of workCompleting transactions Using transactionsStarting transactions Overview of transactions and versioningTransactions and Versioning Options in DbisqlCommitting a transaction writes data to disk 289How concurrency works in IQ Introduction to concurrencySubdividing transactions 290Introduction to versioning Concurrency for backupsWhy concurrency benefits you Concurrency and IQ MultiplexOne writer and multiple readers at the table level Table-level versioning292 293 Only one writer at a timeMultiple writers and readers in a database 294Transactions use committed data 295Timing of commits on read transactions affects versions 296Hold cursors span transactions 297Versioning of temporary tables How Adaptive Server IQ keeps track of versions298 Locks for DML operations Versioning prevents inconsistenciesHow locking works 299How locking works Locks for DDL operations300 301 Isolation levels Isolation levelsPrimary keys and locking 302Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollback 303Checkpoints Checkpoints aid in recoveryWhen checkpoints occur Checkpoints, savepoints, and transaction rollbackReleasing savepoints Savepoints within transactions305 Naming and nesting savepoints Rolling back to a savepointAutomatic and user-defined savepoints Following scenarioWhat causes a rollback System recoveryRolling back transactions Effect of rollbackHow transaction information aids recovery 308Performance implications 309Performance implications Overlapping versions and deletions310 Cursors in transactions 311Cursor scrolling Cursors and versioningCursor sensitivity Cursors in transactionsPositioned operations Cursor command syntax and examplesHold cursors Controlling message logging for cursors314 Introduction to international languages and character sets Adaptive Server IQ international featuresInstallation to handle international language issues 315Introduction to international languages and character sets Using the default collationCharacter set questions and answers 316International Languages and Character Sets Understanding character sets in softwarePieces in the character set puzzle 317318 Language issues in client/server computingDatabase server software messages Applications can cause Code pages in Windows and Windows NT 319Ansi and OEM code pages in Windows and Windows NT 320Multibyte character sets 321First-byte collation orderings for multibyte character sets Sorting characters using collationsInternational aspects of case sensitivity 322Case insensitivity of identifiers Understanding localesIntroduction to locales 323Understanding locales Understanding the locale language324 325 Understanding the locale character setAlternative Language label Label ISO639 language code 326 Equivalent Iana labels and a descriptionCharacter set Label Iana label Description 327 Understanding the locale collation label Setting the Sqllocale environment variableUnderstanding collations Displaying collations329 Supplied collationsFollowing collations are supplied with Adaptive Server IQ Collation Label Type Description330 Ansi or OEM? 331332 333 334 335 Character translation for database messages Using multibyte collationsUnderstanding character set translation Understanding character set translation337 To use character translation for database messagesAvoiding character-set translation Connection strings and character sets338 339 Collation internalsLanguage Character set Collation internals Comment linesTitle line 340Following are some sample lines for a collation Specification DescriptionCollation sequence section 341Following is part of the Shift-JIS collation file Encodings sectionThat will be sorted together 342Properties section 343To configure your character set environment Finding the default collationConfiguring your character set environment International language and character set tasks345 You can determine locale information using system functionsDetermining locale information To determine the locale of a database serverYour current machine Setting localesCreating a database with a named collation 346List the supplied collation sequences 347To enable character-set translation on a database server Starting a database server using character set translationUsing Odbc code page translation Or on UnixSet the Dbisql option CHAROEMTranslation to a value of OFF Character set translation for Sybase Central and DbisqlCreating a custom collation 349350 351 Compatibility issuesCreating a database with a custom collation To create a database with a custom collationPerformance issues Performance issues352 Manage user IDs An overview of database permissions353 An overview of database permissions DBA authority overview354 Table and views permissions overview Resource authority overviewOwnership permissions overview Managing User IDs and PermissionsGroup permissions overview Managing individual user IDs and permissions356 Creating new users Changing a passwordWith the following command 357Granting DBA and resource authority 358Granting permissions on tables and views 359360 Granting users the right to grant permissionsContext of groups in Permissions of groups To grant user permission on tables in Sybase CentralTo grant user permissions on procedures in Sybase Central Granting permissions on procedures361 Revoking user permissions 362Creating groups To create a group with a name and passwordManaging groups 363364 Granting group membership to usersManaging groups To create a group in Sybase CentralReferring to tables owned by groups Permissions of groups365 Groups without passwords 366Special groups Database object names and prefixes367 Database object names and prefixes 368Following command will now work Using views and procedures for extra security369 Using views and procedures for extra security Using views for tailored security370 Grant permission for the Sales Manager to examine this view Using procedures for tailored security371 How user permissions are assessed How user permissions are assessedManaging the resources connections use Be modified is strictly definedTemporary Store 373Limits the number of prepared Users and permissions in the system tablesUsers and permissions in the system tables 374Views Default Contents Default Contents375 376 Backup protects your data 377Backing up your database Types of backupsData in backups Backing up your databaseBackup and Data Recovery Transaction log in backup, restore, and recovery379 Tape backup requirements Distribution of backup dataDisk backup requirements Selecting archive devicesRewinding tapes Preparing for backupObtaining DBA privileges 381You can run Backup in two ways Retaining old disk backupsTwo ways to run Backup Estimating Media CapacityTo back up an IQ database, use the following syntax Concurrency and backupsBackup statement 383Specifying archive devices Specifying the type of backupSpecifying operator presence 384385 386 387 Waiting for Tape Devices Backup ExamplesOther backup options 388Recovery attempts Recovery from errors during backupChecking for backup space 389Do not specify the Stacker or Size parameters After you complete a backupPerforming backups with non-Sybase products 390Shutting down the database Performing system-level backups391 Backing up the right files Restoring from a system-level backupPerforming system-level backups 392393 Validating your databaseFor this size database It takes about this long 394 Interpreting resultsValidating your database Orphaned block statistic MeaningConcurrency issues for spiqcheckdb 395Restoring your databases Before you restoreRestoring your databases 396Restore accommodates dbspace changes 397Specifying files for an incremental restore Restoring disk backup filesRestoring tape backup files Keeping the database unchanged between restoresTo restore a database, use the following syntax Restore statementRestoring from a compatible backup 399Moving database files 400401 402 Displaying header information Adjusting data sources and configuration filesRestoring in the correct order 403Set must be restored first, and must be in the first device Set, and the restore order, are as follows404 Switch Description Renaming the transaction log after you restoreDblog command-line utility 405Transaction log utility options Validating the database after you restoreRestore requires exclusive write access Maintaining a transaction log or mirrorDisplaying header information 407Using Symbolic Links Unix Only Recovery from errors during restore408 Unattended backup 409Getting information about backups and restores Getting information about backups and restoresLocating the backup log 410Content of the backup log 411Recording dbspace names Maintaining the backup logViewing the backup log in Sybase Central 412Determining your data backup and recovery strategy 413Determining your data backup and recovery strategy Scheduling routine backupsDetermining the type of backup 414Increasing the number of archive devices Designating Backup and Restore ResponsibilitiesImproving performance for backup and restore 415Eliminating data verification Spooling backup dataIncreasing memory used during backup Balancing system loadControlling the size of the Catalog Store 417418 Introduction to performance terms DBA can tune performance by adjusting resource usageYour hardware and software configuration Designing for performanceOverview of memory use Overview of memory usePaging increases available memory 420Managing System Resources Utilities to monitor swappingServer memory 421Determining the sizes of the buffer caches Managing buffer caches422 Adaptive Server IQ memory overhead Operating system and other applications423 Raw partitions versus file systems Multi-user database access424 Memory requirements for loads425 Adaptive Server IQ main and temp buffer cachesBuffer caches and physical memory Other considerations Example of setting buffer cache sizes426 Memory available for buffer caches ExampleMethods of adjusting buffer cache sizes Setting buffer cache sizes427 428 Setting buffer cache size database optionsTo change the buffer cache sizes permanently Normally you change the buffer cache sizes by setting Setting buffer cache size server switchesSetting the page size Specifying page sizeBlock size 430Saving memory Decrease buffer cache settingsAdjust blocking factor for loads Data compressionOptimizing for large numbers of users IQ command line option changesActively using the database Use the following guideline to determine Block FactorSystem parameters Command and set rlimfdmax=4096 in /etc/systemIQ Temp space 433Platform-specific memory options 434Options that can provide more memory Recommendations for small memory configurationsPhysical size of memory on the system 435436 Controlling file system buffering You must then restart the server with the following commandManaging large buffer caches on HP 437Other ways to get more memory Options for Java-enabled databases438 Process threading model 439Process threading model Insufficient threads errorIQ options for managing thread usage 440Raw I/O on Unix operating systems Balancing I/O441 Setting up disk striping on Windows NT Using disk stripingSetting up disk striping on Unix Balancing I/ORecommendations for disk striping Internal striping443 Disk striping hints Disk striping option444 Transaction log file Using multiple dbspacesTemporary data with the Create Dbspace command Across multiple disksMessage log Strategic file locations446 Working space for inserting, deleting, and synchronizing 447Restricting concurrent queries Options for tuning resource useOptions for tuning resource use 448Forcing cursors to be non-scrolling Limiting a query’s memory useLimiting queries by rows returned 449Lowering a connection’s priority Limiting the number of cursorsLimiting the number of statements Prefetching cache pagesOptimizing for typical usage Restricting database accessOther ways to improve resource use Disk cachingPicking the right index type Using RAM diskIndexing tips Indexing tipsAllowing enough disk space for deletions Using join indexes453 Denormalizing for performance Managing database size and structureManaging the size of your database Managing database size and structurePerformance benefits of denormalization Denormalization has risksDisadvantages of denormalization 455Tips for structuring queries Improving your queriesDeciding to denormalize Improving your queriesQuery evaluation options Planning queries457 Setting query optimization options 458Improving large data transfers Network performance459 Network performance Isolate heavy network users460 Put small amounts of data in small packets 461Put large amounts of data in large packets 462Filter as much data as possible at the server level Process at the server level463 464 Viewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment Getting information using stored proceduresOther chapters of this guide for more tuning hints Set to control resource use, see , Managing SystemViewing the Adaptive Server IQ environment 466Starting the buffer cache monitor Monitoring and Tuning PerformanceMonitoring the buffer caches 467Monitoring the buffer caches 468469 470 471 472 Stopping the buffer cache monitorExamining and saving monitor results Into dummytablename Stop MonitorBuffer cache Examples of monitor results473 474 Results for the memory manager are -contentionresults for the main cache are-contentionresults for the temp cache are 475Avoiding buffer manager thrashing Avoiding buffer manager thrashing476 Here is an example Monitoring paging on Windows NT systemsMonitoring paging on Unix systems 477478 System utilities to monitor CPU use 479System utilities to monitor CPU use 480Restrictions for creating and running these applications Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQData server for client applications 481Client/server interfaces to Adaptive Server IQ 482Adaptive Server IQ as a Data Server Configuring IQ Servers with DseditInterfaces file 483Starting Dsedit Using the Dsedit utilityOpening a Directory Services session 484Interfaces file sql.ini Adding a server entryAdding or changing the server address Select a server entry in the Server boxNetwork Settings, in the Control Panel 486Renaming a server entry Verifying the server address487 Deleting server entries Sybase applications and Adaptive Server IQOpen Client applications and Adaptive Server IQ 488Starting the database server as an Open Server Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open ServerSystem requirements 489Setting up Adaptive Server IQ as an Open Server Configuring your database for use with Open Client490 491 Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connectionsOption Set to To change the option settings for TDS connections Characteristics of Open Client and jConnect connections492 To connect to the livecredit server, use this syntax Servers with multiple databases493 494 Index 495Index 496497 WINLATIN1498 Datetime499 Odbc Unix500 501 DDL502 Pipenotconnected503 504 See Also Dbisql505 506 507 Null508 TCP/IP509 See Also stored510 Rawdetect511 512 513 514 515 516