ADTRAN 2 x E1 Tracer Description, Channel Selection, Forward Error Correction, Direct Sequence

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61280004L2-1C

Section 1 TRACER Description

Direct Sequence

A direct sequence transmitter spreads the signal by mixing the data with the output of a pseudorandom number generator which changes state at a rate higher than the data rate. This rate is called the “chipping” rate. The TRACER chipping rate is twelve times the data rate.

Coding

Many different pseudorandom sequences exist. The sequences are called pseudorandom because, although they appear noise-like, they are determinant and repeat after a specific number of chips. The longer a code is, the better correlation characteristics it possesses. These traits allow multiple spread spectrum systems to operate in the presence of one another with minimal interference if they are operating with different sequences. The TRACER allows the selection of one of ten different 120-bit long sequences.

Channel Selection

The FCC has allocated 83.5 MHz of spectrum in the 2.4 GHz band and 125 MHz in the 5.8 GHz band in which TRACER operates. A TRACER system fully uses the available bandwidth – transmitting in one half and receiving in the other. Figure 1-2illustrates the bandwidth division.

2400 MHz

2441 MHz

2483.5 MHz

 

or

 

5725 MHz

5787 MHz

5850 MHz

Figure 1-2. Bandwidth Division

The transmitter at one end of a link (TxA) will transmit in the lower half of the spectrum. Consequently, the receiver at the other end will receive in the lower half of the band and transmit in the upper half. Thus, a system will operate in one of two frequency plans -- transmit in the upper and receive in the lower or vice versa. These two plans are called Plan A and Plan B. One end of a path will be on Plan A and the other will be on Plan B. Shipment of a link will consist of an A and a B unless specified otherwise.

Forward Error Correction

With the addition of overhead data, error detection and correction capability can be added to a data stream. Error correction can be accomplished by allowing the receiver to request to retransmit of the erred block once detected. The TRACER, on the other hand, implements forward error correction (FEC) which adds enough overhead data for the receiver to detect and correct errors in the data stream. This capability comes at the cost of bandwidth. The addition of FEC decreases the required signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio by approximately 5.5 dB to achieve a given bit error rate (BER).

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TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual

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Contents Tracer 2 x E1 User’s Manual 61280004L2-1C Radio Frequency Interface Statement R N I N GRadio Frequency Interference Statement Table of Contents Operation Troubleshooting Specifications Warranty, Ordering and Return InformationGlossary Appendix aIllustrations Viii Tracer Description IntroductionApplications Spread SpectrumForward Error Correction Tracer DescriptionChannel Selection Direct SequenceTracer System Configuration E1 InterfacesBaseband Processor or BBP Block diagram of the BBP is shown in Figure VT100 RS-232 InterfaceAlarm Contacts If SignalPower Controls and IndicatorsFreq Name Function Non-volatile MemoryBuilt-In Tests Radio Frequency Converter or RFC10. Front and Rear of Rackmount RFC Housing Antenna Selection Antenna 100 mWInstallation UNPACK, InspectInstallation Grounding15 Pin RJ-48 E1 InterfacesLink Planning P O R T a N TAntenna Feedline Loss Antenna GainPath Loss Path AvailabilitySetting the Transmitter Power GHZ, 1 Watt Transmitter OptionSetting the RFC Frequency Plan on NON 1 Watt 2.4 GHZ Models 4 GHz DiplexerPlan a Plan B Setting the RFC Frequency Plan on 5.8 GHZ Models 8 GHz DiplexerConnecting the BBP and the RFC Applying PowerAutomatic BBP Frequency Plan Spreading CodeCO-LOCATING Multiple Systems Antenna AlignmentRF LOW Alarm Contacts Remote BertInstallation Password OperationVT100 User Interface RS-232 InterfaceOperation Main Menu SelectionsSystem Status Screen Main Menu Screen Tracer Main MenuE1 Status / Configuration / Loopback E1A Status ScreenLink Performance History Link Performance History ScreenE1A Statistics E1B StatisticsSectionTROUBLESHOOTING4 Troubleshooting Problem Descriptions and Recommended ActionsTroubleshooting Using the Front Panel Indicators GeneralTroubleshooting CV/CRC Light on E1A or E1B is Lit when CRC is enabledRecommended Actions LBK-A or LBK-B is Lit LOS/OOF Light on E1A or E1BNo Power Light ALM is LitTest Light is Lit or Blinking TST Light is Lit After Pressing Remote Test ButtonFail Light is Lit After Pressing Remote Test Button RF Low Light is OnTroubleshooting Using the VT100 User Interface LOS AlarmCV Alarm OOF Alarm CRC AlarmRMT Alarm UA1 Alarm Code Sync Status Carrier Sync Status or E1 Mux Sync Status Possible Cause RFC Link Up StatusES Values in E1A or E1B Performance History Menu SES Values in E1A or E1B Performance History Menu Troubleshooting Specifications Specifications PowerVT100 Terminal Interface Mechanical & EnvironmentalWARRANTY, Ordering and Return WarrantySales Repairs and ReturnsWarranty, Ordering and Return Information Glossary Acronyms Used in this ManualGlossary Appendix a Cable Connections Terminal Connection DB-25Personal Computer Connection DB-9 Modem Connection DB-25Appendix a Cable Connections