Kodak ISBN 0-87985-749-8 manual Kodak Wratten Neutral Density Filters No

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Neutral Density Filters

In black-and-white and color photography, filters such as the KODAK WRATTEN Neutral Density Filters No. 96 reduce the intensity of light reaching the film without affecting the tonal rendition in the original scene. In motion-picture work or other photography, neutral density filters allow use of a large aperture to obtain differ- ential focusing. You can use them when filming in bright sunlight or with very fast films. These filters control expo- sure when the smallest aperture is still too large. Also available are KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filters with combinations of neutral density and color conversion filters (for example, No. 85N3). These filters combine the light-conversion characteristics of KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter No. 85 with neutral densities.

KODAK WRATTEN Neutral Density Filters No. 96

Neutral

Percent

Filter

Exposure Increase

Density

Transmittance

Factor

in Stops*

0.1

80

11/4

1/3

0.2

63

11/2

2/3

0.3

50

2

1

0.4

40

21/2

11/3

0.5

32

3

12/3

0.6

25

4

2

0.7

20

5

22/3

0.8

16

6

22/3

0.9

13

8

3

1.0

10

10

31/3

2.0

1

100

62/3

3.0

0.1

1000

10

4.0

0.01

10,000

132/3

*These values are approximate. For critical work, check by accurate tests, especially if you use more than one filter.

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Contents Cinematographer’s Field Guide Cinematographer’s Field Guide Seventh Edition, November Contents Introduction Need Another H-2? Page Kodak Motion Picture Camera Films Color Temperature Page Kodak Motion Picture Camera Films MPF-5 50D 5245/7245 100T 5248/7248 Process ECN-2Vision 200T 5274/7274 200T 5293/7293 SFX 200T SFX Vision 250D 5246/7246 Illumination Incident Light Table for DaylightVision 320T 5277/7277 Handling Total darknessVision 500T 5279/7279 500T 5298 Vision 800T 5289/7289 Ektachrome 100D 5285 7240 16 mm, Super 8 Eastman Ektachrome Film Tungsten EI 125 7240 7239 35 mm/16 mm Eastman Ektachrome Film Daylight EI 160 7239 MPF-32 9/98 7250 MPF-34 9/98 7251 5231/7231 35 mm/16 mm Eastman PLUS-X Negative Film 5231/7231 5222/7222 35 mm/16 mm Eastman DOUBLE-X Negative Film Daylight- 250 25 Tungsten- 2005222/7222 7276 16 mm, Super 8 Eastman PLUS-X Reversal Film 7276 7278 16 mm, super 8 Eastman TRI-X Reversal Film Daylight- 200* 24 Tungsten- 1607278 Incident-Light Illumination in footcandles DaylightFilters for Black-and-White Films IntroductionTypes of Filters PLUS-X DOUBLE-X TRI-X Color Compensating Filters Conversion Filters for Color Films Kodak Light Balancing Filters Exposure To ObtainNeutral Density Filters Kodak Wratten Neutral Density Filters NoDaylight Page Tips and Techniques Aspect Ratios10 9/00 Ambient-Background Radiation effects on raw stock Protection from Physical DamageUnprocessed Film Before and After Exposure Processed Film StorageShooting for Television Getting Ready Ditty BagCamera Accessories ToolsCamera Operator’s Meter Case Final Thought About Laboratories Flashing Camera Films to Lower ContrastExposed Film -What Now? Page Mm and 65 mm End Use Winding DesignationsPerforation Types Quantities -Standard Packages Mm End UseOrdering RAW Stock Product and Technical Information United States of America International ArgentinaAustralia AustriaChile ColombiaCzech Republic DenmarkFinland FranceGermany GreeceIran IrelandIsrael ItalyLuxemborg MalaysiaMexico NetherlandsPeru PhilippinesPoland PortugalSpain SwedenSwitzerland TaiwanVenezuela United StatesUruguay CAT 141

ISBN 0-87985-749-8 specifications

Kodak, a name synonymous with photography, has undergone a tremendous evolution over its long history. The company is not just a pioneer in film and printing technologies but has also embraced the digital age with significant innovations.

One of the prominent features of Kodak’s evolution is its dedication to imaging science, which has remained at the core of its business strategy. Kodak has developed a wide range of film types, including color negative film, color positive film, and black-and-white film, which cater to different photography needs. Each film type comes with unique characteristics designed to optimize image quality, color reproduction, and contrast.

Kodak’s commitment to innovation is evident in its development of digital technologies. The company was an early adopter of digital imaging techniques, launching its first digital camera in the early 1990s. This transition to digital photography focused on making the process more accessible for consumers while maintaining the quality and detail that Kodak is known for. The use of image sensors, such as CCD and CMOS, has allowed Kodak to capture high-resolution images that are rich in detail and color fidelity.

One of the standout technologies associated with Kodak is its printing technology, particularly the dye-sublimation printers. This technique produces high-quality prints by transferring dye onto materials like paper or plastic. Kodak’s printers are known for their rapid print speeds and excellent color reproduction, making them popular for both personal and professional use.

Additionally, Kodak has also made significant strides in the realm of image editing software and applications, which complement its hardware offerings. Programs like Kodak EasyShare and Kodak Gallery have allowed users to edit, organize, and share their photos seamlessly, further enhancing the user experience.

Another important characteristic of Kodak is its steadfast commitment to sustainability. The company has initiated various programs aimed at reducing environmental impact by promoting recycling and energy-efficient practices in its manufacturing processes.

In summary, Kodak’s legacy is a blend of heritage and innovation. From traditional film to cutting-edge digital imaging and sustainable practices, Kodak continues to hold a prominent place in the world of photography. Its technologies and products are a testament to its ability to adapt to changing times while remaining grounded in its core values of quality and consumer accessibility.
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