Kodak ISBN 0-87985-749-8 manual Ambient-Background Radiation effects on raw stock

Page 61

Ambient-Background Radiation (effects on raw stock)

Ambient gamma radiation is composed of two sources: a low-energy component which arises from the decay of radionuclides and a high-energy component which is the product of the interaction of cosmic rays with the earth’s upper atmosphere. The radionuclides responsible for the low-energy photons exist in soil and rock and are carried into earth-derived building materials, such as concrete. Upon exposure to ambient-background radiation, photo- graphic negative materials can exhibit an increase in minimum density, a loss in contrast and speed in the dark areas, and an increase in granularity. The changes in film performance are determined by several factors, such as the film speed and length of time exposed to the radiation before the film is processed. A film with an exposure index of 500 can exhibit about three times the change in performance as a film with an index of 125. While this effect on film raw stock is not immediate, it is one reason why we suggest exposing and processing film as soon as possible after purchase. We recommend a period of no more than six months from the time of film purchase before processing, provided it has been kept under spec- ified conditions. Extended periods beyond six months may affect faster speed films as noted above, even if kept frozen. The only way to determine the specific effect of ambient-background radiation is with actual testing or measurements and placing a detector in the locations where the film was stored. The most obvious clue is the observance of increased granularity, especially in the light areas of the scene.

Protection from Physical Damage

Keep films away from heating pipes and direct sunlight, even if the room is air-conditioned. Maintain uniform room temperature throughout the storage area by means of adequate air circulation. If the building is not fireproof, install an automatic fire-extinguisher system. Design storage rooms for motion picture raw stock so that film is at least 6 in. (15 cm) off the floor.

15

Page 60 Page 62
Image 61
Page 60 Page 62
Contents Cinematographer’s Field Guide Cinematographer’s Field Guide Seventh Edition, November Contents Introduction Need Another H-2? Page Kodak Motion Picture Camera Films Color Temperature Page Kodak Motion Picture Camera Films MPF-5 50D 5245/7245 100T Process ECN-2 5248/7248Vision 200T 5274/7274 200T 5293/7293 SFX 200T SFX Vision 250D Illumination Incident Light Table for Daylight 5246/7246Vision 320T Handling Total darkness 5277/7277Vision 500T 5279/7279 500T 5298 Vision 800T 5289/7289 Ektachrome 100D 5285 7240 16 mm, Super 8 Eastman Ektachrome Film Tungsten EI 125 7240 7239 35 mm/16 mm Eastman Ektachrome Film Daylight EI 160 7239 MPF-32 9/98 7250 MPF-34 9/98 7251 5231/7231 35 mm/16 mm Eastman PLUS-X Negative Film 5231/7231 Daylight- 250 25 Tungsten- 200 5222/7222 35 mm/16 mm Eastman DOUBLE-X Negative Film5222/7222 7276 16 mm, Super 8 Eastman PLUS-X Reversal Film 7276 Daylight- 200* 24 Tungsten- 160 7278 16 mm, super 8 Eastman TRI-X Reversal Film7278 Daylight Incident-Light Illumination in footcandlesTypes of Filters IntroductionFilters for Black-and-White Films PLUS-X DOUBLE-X TRI-X Color Compensating Filters Conversion Filters for Color Films Exposure To Obtain Kodak Light Balancing FiltersKodak Wratten Neutral Density Filters No Neutral Density FiltersDaylight Page Aspect Ratios Tips and Techniques10 9/00 Protection from Physical Damage Ambient-Background Radiation effects on raw stockProcessed Film Storage Unprocessed Film Before and After ExposureShooting for Television Ditty Bag Getting ReadyTools Camera AccessoriesCamera Operator’s Meter Case Exposed Film -What Now? Flashing Camera Films to Lower ContrastFinal Thought About Laboratories Page Perforation Types Winding DesignationsMm and 65 mm End Use Mm End Use Quantities -Standard PackagesOrdering RAW Stock Product and Technical Information United States of America Argentina InternationalAustralia AustriaColombia ChileCzech Republic DenmarkFrance FinlandGermany GreeceIreland IranIsrael ItalyMalaysia LuxemborgMexico NetherlandsPhilippines PeruPoland PortugalSweden SpainSwitzerland TaiwanUruguay United StatesVenezuela CAT 141

ISBN 0-87985-749-8 specifications

Kodak, a name synonymous with photography, has undergone a tremendous evolution over its long history. The company is not just a pioneer in film and printing technologies but has also embraced the digital age with significant innovations.

One of the prominent features of Kodak’s evolution is its dedication to imaging science, which has remained at the core of its business strategy. Kodak has developed a wide range of film types, including color negative film, color positive film, and black-and-white film, which cater to different photography needs. Each film type comes with unique characteristics designed to optimize image quality, color reproduction, and contrast.

Kodak’s commitment to innovation is evident in its development of digital technologies. The company was an early adopter of digital imaging techniques, launching its first digital camera in the early 1990s. This transition to digital photography focused on making the process more accessible for consumers while maintaining the quality and detail that Kodak is known for. The use of image sensors, such as CCD and CMOS, has allowed Kodak to capture high-resolution images that are rich in detail and color fidelity.

One of the standout technologies associated with Kodak is its printing technology, particularly the dye-sublimation printers. This technique produces high-quality prints by transferring dye onto materials like paper or plastic. Kodak’s printers are known for their rapid print speeds and excellent color reproduction, making them popular for both personal and professional use.

Additionally, Kodak has also made significant strides in the realm of image editing software and applications, which complement its hardware offerings. Programs like Kodak EasyShare and Kodak Gallery have allowed users to edit, organize, and share their photos seamlessly, further enhancing the user experience.

Another important characteristic of Kodak is its steadfast commitment to sustainability. The company has initiated various programs aimed at reducing environmental impact by promoting recycling and energy-efficient practices in its manufacturing processes.

In summary, Kodak’s legacy is a blend of heritage and innovation. From traditional film to cutting-edge digital imaging and sustainable practices, Kodak continues to hold a prominent place in the world of photography. Its technologies and products are a testament to its ability to adapt to changing times while remaining grounded in its core values of quality and consumer accessibility.
Top Page Image Contents