theatrical presentation and to keep all pertinent action within this area. The cinematographer must make certain no scene rigging, microphone booms, cables or lights are included in the expanded area which will be transmitted on television at 1.33:1. Subsequent interpositives, dupli- cate negatives and prints contain sufficient frame height to provide normal telecine transmission. In the theater, the projectionist must use a 1.85:1 aperture plate and exer- cise some judgment in adjusting the projector framing.
Super 16 is a format that employs single-perforation 16 mm film stock and has two objectives. When Super 16 was introduced in the early 1970’s, it was to provide an image suitable for enlargement to a 35 mm print for wide- screen presentation. The second is for origination that will be displayed on wide-screen television (1.78:1 = 16 x 9). Super 16 and 3-perforation 35 mm are great fits for wide- screen television. The Super 16 camera aperture extends into the area used for a sound track on conventional 16 mm film providing more negative area to achieve a 1.66:1 aspect ratio, with some loss of image height when enlarged to wide-screen 35 mm film (1.85:1) and to 1.78:1 (16 x 9) for wide-screen television.
The Super 35, 4-perforation system utilizes the entire width of the film and is used primarily to extract an anamorphic print for theatrical release by optical reduc- tion printing. This system is quite versatile: from a Super 35 negative, 70 mm blow-up prints can be produced, as well as extractions for 16 x 9 (1.78:1).
The Super 35, 3-perforation system is used for extracting 16 x 9 (1.78:1) prints and for origination for wide-screen television.
The 65 mm, 5-perforation system has a camera aper- ture of 2.29:1. It is used primarily for special effects, but when used in feature films, is projected on the screen using 70 mm release prints having an aspect ratio of 2.20:1. In lieu of originating on 65 mm for theatrical presentation, productions shot on 35 mm film with an anamorphic lens or in the Super 35 system are optically enlarged onto 70 mm release prints.
Other formats employing 65 mm negatives include 8-perforation (Iwerks 870), 10-perforation and the Imax 15-perforation (horizontal) format.