Section 1

GENERATOR FUNDAMENTALS

A Simple AC Generator

Figure 1-4 shows a very simple AC Generator. The generator consists of a rotating magnetic field called a ROTOR and a stationary coil of wire called a STATOR. The ROTOR is a permanent magnet which consists of a SOUTH magnetic pole and a NORTH magnetic pole.

As the MOTOR turns, its magnetic field cuts across the stationary STATOR. A voltage is induced Into the STATOR windings. When the magnet's NORTH pole passes the STATOR, current flows in one direc- tion. Current flows in the opposite direction when the magnet's SOUTH pole passes the STATOR. This con- stant reversal of current flow results in an alternating current (AC) waveform that can be diagrammed as shown in Figure 1-5.

The ROTOR may be a 2-pole type having a single NORTH and a single SOUTH magnetic pole. Some ROTORS are 4-pole type with two SOUTH and two NORTH magnetic poles. The following apply:

1.The 2-pole ROTOR must be turned at 3600 rpm to produce an AC frequency of 60 Hertz, or at 3000 rpm to deliver an AC frequency of 50 Hertz.

2.The 4-pole ROTOR must operate at 1800 rpm to deliver a 60 Hertz AC frequency or at 1500 rpm to deliver a 50 Hertz AC frequency.

STATOR

ROTOR

MAGNETIC FIELD

Figure 1-4. – A Simple AC Generator

CURRENT VOLTAGE

(+)

0

180

360

(-)

ONE CYCLE

Figure 1-5. – Alternating Current Sine Wave

A More Sophisticated AC Generator

Figure 1-6 represents a more sophisticated generator. A regulated direct current is delivered into the ROTOR windings via carbon BRUSHES AND SLIP RINGS. This results in the creation of a regulated magnetic field around the ROTOR. As a result, a regulated volt- age is induced into the STATOR. Regulated current delivered to the ROTOR is called “EXCITATION” cur- rent.

OUTPUT

120 V

STATOR STATOR

 

 

 

 

 

 

240 V

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AC

120 V

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CURRENT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BRUSHES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DC

 

 

 

SLIP

 

 

 

 

 

 

RINGS

Figure 1-6. – A More Sophisticated Generator

See Figure 1-7 (next page). The revolving magnet- ic field (ROTOR) is driven by the engine at a con- stant speed. This constant speed is maintained by a mechanical engine governor. Units with a 2-pole rotor require an operating speed of 3600 rpm to deliver a 60 Hertz AC output.

Generator operation may be described briefly as fol- lows:

1.Some “residual” magnetism is normally present in the Rotor and is sufficient to induce approximately 7 to 12 volts AC Into

the STATOR's AC power windings.

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Guardian Technologies 4583, 4582 & 4987 Simple AC Generator, More Sophisticated AC Generator, STATORs AC power windings
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5308, 4583, 4451 & 4986, 4582 & 4987 specifications

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