Creating and Using Libraries

Creating Archive Libraries

Then combine the .o files by running ar with the r key, followed by the library name (say libunits.a), followed by the names of the object files to place in the library:

$ ar r libunits.a length.o volume.o mass.o ar: creating libunits.a

To verify that ar created the library correctly, view its contents:

$ ar t libunits.a

Use ar with the t key.

length.o

 

volume.o

All the .o modules are included; it worked.

mass.o

Now suppose you've written a program, called convert.c, that calls several of the routines in the libunits.a library. You could compile the main program and link it to libunits.a with the following cc command:

$ cc -Aa convert.c libunits.a

Note that the whole library name was given, and the -loption was not specified. This is because the library was in the current directory. If you move libunits.a to /usr/lib before compiling, the following command line will work instead:

$ cc -Aa convert.c -lunits

Linking with archive libraries is covered in detail in Chapter 3, “Linker Tasks,” on page 51.

Replacing, Adding, and Deleting an Object Module

Occasionally you may want to replace an object module in a library, add an object module to a library, or delete a module completely. For instance, suppose you add some new conversion routines to length.c (defined in the previous section) and want to include the new routines in the library libunits.a. You would then have to replace the length.o module in libunits.a.

Replacing or Adding an Object Module

To replace or add an object module, use the r key (the same key you use to create a library). For example, to replace the length.o object module in libunits.a:

$ ar r libunits.a length.o

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