Linker Tasks

Using Linker commands

Augmenting the Default Linker Search Path with -L

The -Loption to ld also allows you to add additional directories to the search path. If -Llibpath is specified, ld searches the libpath directory before the default places.

For example, suppose you have a locally developed version of libc, which resides in the directory /usr/local/lib. To make ld find this version of libc before the default libc, use the -Loption as follows:

$ ld /opt/langtools/lib/crt0.o prog.o -L /usr/local/lib -lc

Multiple -Loptions can be specified. For example, to search /usr/contrib/lib and /usr/local/lib before the default places:

$ ld /opt/langtools/lib/crt0.o prog.o -L /usr/contrib/lib \ -L /usr/local/lib -lc

If LPATH is set, then the -Loption specifies the directories to search before the directories specified in LPATH.

Changing the Default Shared Library Binding with -B

You might want to force immediate binding — that is, force all routines and data to be bound at startup time. With immediate binding, the overhead of binding occurs only at program startup, rather than across the program's execution. One possibly useful characteristic of immediate binding is that it causes any possible unresolved symbols to be detected at startup time, rather than during program execution. Another use of immediate binding is to get better interactive performance, if you don't mind program startup taking a little longer.

Example Using -B immediate

To force immediate binding, link an application with the -B immediate linker option. For example, to force immediate binding of all symbols in the main program and in all shared libraries linked with it, you could use this ld command:

$ ld -B immediate /opt/langtools/lib/crt0.o prog.o -lc -lm

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Chapter 3

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Kenwood HP 9000 Changing the Default Shared Library Binding with -B, Augmenting the Default Linker Search Path with -L

HP 9000 specifications

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