Creating and Using Libraries

Caution When Mixing Shared and Archive Libraries

Caution When Mixing Shared and Archive Libraries

Mixing shared and archive libraries in an application is not recommended and should be avoided. That is, an application should use only shared libraries or only archive libraries.

Mixing shared and archive libraries can lead to unsatisfied symbols, hidden definitions, and duplicate definitions and cause an application to abort or exhibit incorrect behavior at run time. The following examples illustrate some of these problems.

Example 1: Unsatisfied Symbols

This example (in 32-bit and 64-bit +compat mode) shows how mixing shared and archive libraries can cause a program to abort. Suppose you have a main program, main(), and three functions, f1(), f2(), and f3() each in a separate source file. main() calls f1() and f3() but not f2():

$ cc -c main.c f1.c f2.c $ cc -c +z f3.c

Compile to relocatable object code. Compile to position-independent code

Figure 5-7

Next suppose you put f3.o into the shared library lib3.sl and f1.o and f2.o into the archive library lib12.a:

$ ld

-b -o lib3.sl f3.o

Create a shared library.

$ ar

qvc lib12.a f1.o f2.o

Create an archive library.

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Kenwood HP 9000 manual Example 1 Unsatisfied Symbols, 164
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HP 9000 specifications

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