Specifying a Version Date

Creating and Using Libraries

Version Control with Shared Libraries

When adding modules to a library for a particular release of the library, it is best to give all modules the same version date. For example, if you complete file1.o on 04/93, file2.o on 05/93, and file3.o on 07/93, it would be best to give all the modules the same version date, say 07/93.

The reason for doing this is best illustrated with an example. Suppose in the previous example you gave each module a version date corresponding to the date it was completed: 04/93 for file1.o, 05/93 for file2.o, and 07/93 for file3.o. You then build the ﬁnal library on 07/93 and link an application a.out with the library. Now suppose that you introduce an incompatible change to function foo found in file1.o, set the version date to 05/93, and rebuild the library. If you run a.out with the new version of the library, a.out will get the new, incompatible version of foo because its version date is still earlier than the date the application was linked with the original library!

Chapter 5

157

Page 157

Image 157

Kenwood HP 9000 manual Specifying a Version Date

HP 9000 specifications

The Kenwood HP 9000 is a cutting-edge home appliance designed for culinary enthusiasts seeking to elevate their cooking experience. This powerful kitchen machine stands out for its multi-functionality, combining the roles of a food processor, blender, and mixer into one sleek unit.

One of the flagship features of the Kenwood HP 9000 is its robust motor, which delivers exceptional performance across various tasks. With a powerful motor that operates at multiple speeds, users can tackle everything from kneading dough to finely chopping vegetables with ease. The variable speed control allows for precision, ensuring that every ingredient is processed to perfection according to individual preferences.

The HP 9000 comes equipped with a variety of attachments that enhance its versatility. Among these are a stainless-steel mixing bowl, a dough hook, a whisk, and multiple cutting blades. This extensive array of accessories means that users can whip up delightful pastries, create homemade pasta, or prepare smoothies with minimal hassle. Each attachment is designed for easy attachment and removal, making the transition between tasks seamless and efficient.

Another key characteristic of the Kenwood HP 9000 is its advanced safety features. The design incorporates mechanisms that prevent the machine from operating unless all components are securely in place. This not only gives users peace of mind while cooking but also ensures longevity for the appliance, reducing the risk of wear and tear over time.

In terms of design, the HP 9000 is both modern and aesthetically pleasing. Its ergonomic shape and compact size make it easy to store and use in various kitchen settings, while the high-quality materials used in its construction guarantee durability and longevity. The user interface is intuitive, with clearly labeled buttons that facilitate operation, ensuring that even novice cooks can navigate the machine effortlessly.

Additionally, the Kenwood HP 9000 features innovative technologies, such as an integrated digital timer and a pulse function for added control during food preparation. These features enhance cooking precision, allowing users to achieve consistent results every time.

In summary, the Kenwood HP 9000 is an exceptional kitchen appliance that combines power, versatility, and safety. With its advanced features and user-friendly design, it is an ideal choice for anyone looking to simplify their cooking process while achieving professional-level results. Whether you're whipping up a quick meal or tackling an elaborate recipe, the HP 9000 is a reliable companion that will inspire culinary creativity.

Contents

B2355-90655 November HP 9000 Computers Legal Notices Page Page Contents Linker Tasks Contents Linker Tools Creating and Using Libraries Contents Shared Library Management Routines Ways to Improve Performance Position-Independent Code Using Mapﬁles Glossary Index Contents Printing History PrefacePage Introduce the Linker and Libraries Online User Guide Page Chapter For This Release For Previous Releases Whats New in Recent Releases PA-RISC 2.0 Compatibility PA-RISC Changes in Hardware CompatibilityPA-RISC Changes in Hardware Compatibility For More Information PA-RISC Architectures and Their System Models Chapter Bit Mode ELF Object File Format Bit Mode ELF Object File FormatOption Compiler Bit Mode Linker Options New Features for 64-bit Mode LinkingNew Features for 64-bit Mode Linking Option Action Symbol Deﬁnition Bit Mode Linker-deﬁned Symbols End of initialized data Bit Mode Link-time Differences Bit Mode Link-time Differences Option or Description Behavior Bit Mode Run Time Differences Bit Mode Run Time DifferencesLinker and Loader Bit Mode Behavior Functions +s and +b pathlist Directories interaction +b pathlist and -L Ldirectories recorded+b pathlist Changes in Future Releases Changes in Future Releases Accessing Help with the HP CDE Front Panel Accessing Help with ld +helpAccessing Help with the dthelpview Command Accessing Help with the charhelp Command See charhelp1 for details What Happens When You Compiling Programs on HP-UX An Example Compiling Programs on HP-UX An Example High-Level View of the Compiler Looking inside a Compiler Looking inside a CompilerLooking inside a Compiler Lm -lc Cc Entering Link editor What is an Object File? What is an Object File?Local Deﬁnitions Global Deﬁnitions Compiler-Linker Interaction Compiler-Linker Interaction Linking Programs on HP-UX Linking Programs on HP-UXMatching the External Reference to sumn Programs Entry Point Crt0.o Startup File Magic Numbers A.out File File Permissions Bit Mode Magic Number Linker OptionsTo set the magic Use this Number to Option Linking with Libraries Default LibrariesLibrary Naming Conventions Linking with Libraries Link Order Default Library Search Path Loading Programs exec Running the ProgramBinding Routines to a Program Running the Program Deferred Binding is the Default Linker Thread-Safe Features Linker Thread-Safe Features Linker Tasks Linker Tasks Changing the Default Library Search Path with -Wl, -L Using the Compiler to LinkExample Using -Wl, -L Using the Compiler to Link Example Using -Wl Passing Linker Options from the Compiler Command with -WlGetting Verbose Output with Wl,arg1 ,arg2… Linking with the crt0.o Startup File in 32-bit mode Suppressing the Link-Edit Phase with -cRenaming the Output File with -o Specifying Libraries with -l Using the Compiler to Link Changing the Default Library Search Path with -L and Lpath Using Linker commandsOverriding the Default Linker Search Path with Using Linker commands Augmenting the Default Linker Search Path with -L Changing the Default Shared Library Binding with -BExample Using -B immediate Restricted Shared Library Binding with -B restricted Nonfatal Shared Library Binding with -B nonfatal Example Using -B symbolic SymbolicImproving Shared Library Performance with Case 1 Building a Shared Library with -B symbolic Comparing -B symbolic with -h and +e Symbols inside a Shared Library Visible with -B symbolic Choosing Archive or Shared Libraries with -a Option Settings to -a Example Using -a Overview of Dynamic Linking Dynamic Linking with -A and -R Using Linker commands Read the text and data into the allocated space An Example Program $ make dynprog file1.o file2.o Makeﬁle Used to Create Dynamic Link Files Dynprog.c Example Dynamic Link and Load Program Source for ﬁle1.c and ﬁle2.c Include Directives for dynload.c Source for allocloadspace Function Using Linker commands Using Linker commands File Source for dynload Function Size of text, data, and bss Done reading from module file Assembly Language Source for ﬂushcache Function Example Using +e Exporting Symbols with +e+e symbol $ nm -p sem.o When to use -h versus +e Exporting Symbols from main with -E Exporting Symbols with +eeHiding Symbols with -h Example Using -h Hiding and Exporting Symbols When Building a Shared Library Tips on Using -h Hiding and Exporting Symbols When Creating an a.out File Hiding Symbols When Combining .o Files with the -r Option Moving Libraries after Linking with +b Path List Specifying a Path List with +b Passing Linker Options in a ﬁle with -c Moving Libraries After Linking with +sSpecifying a Path List with +s and Shlibpath For More Information Specifying Libraries with -l and l Passing Linker Options with LdoptsSpecifying Libraries -l Example Using -l Using the -l option Using Linker commands Using the 64-bit Mode Linker with +compat or +std Using 64-bit Mode Linker OptionsUsing the Linker with +compat for Compatibility Mode Using 64-bit Mode Linker Options Using the 64-bit Linker with +std for Standard Mode Usr/lib/pa2064/usr/ccs/lib/pa2064 Linking Archived Libraries with -noshared Linking Shared Libraries with -dynamicControlling Archive Library Loading with +noforceload Flagging Unsatisﬁed Symbols with +noallowunsats Changing Mapﬁles with -k and +nodefaultmap Hiding Symbols from export with +hideallsymbols Linking in 32-bit Mode Style with +compat Linking in 64-bit Mode with +stdIgnoring Dynamic Path Environment Variables with +noenvvar Controlling Output from the Unwind Table with +stripwind Parameter Description Selecting Verbose Output with +vtype Ld main.o +vtype all -L. -lfile1 -lfile2 -lc Loading main.o Linking with the 64-bit crt0.o Startup File Linker Compatibility Warnings Linker Compatibility Warnings 100 Linking to Archive Libraries with Unsatisﬁed Symbols Chapter 101 If these ﬁles are compiled and linked as Linker Compatibility Warnings 102 103 Tool Mode Description Changing a Programs Attributes with chatr1 Using chatr for 32-bit Program AttributesChanging a Programs Attributes with chatr1 104 To do this Use this option Using chatr for 64-bit Program Attributes+l libname Libname 106 For the 64-bit only syntax Viewing Symbols in an Object ﬁle with nm1 Viewing Symbols in an Object ﬁle with nm1Chapter 107 108 Tformat Chapter 109 Examples 110 Viewing the Contents of an Object File with elfdump1 112 Option Modiﬁes Causes elfdump to Viewing library dependencies with ldd1 Viewing library dependencies with ldd1To do this Use Option Chapter 113 114 $ldd a.out Viewing the Size of Object File Elements with size1 Viewing the Size of Object File Elements with size1To display Use this Option Chapter 115 Reducing Storage Space with strip1 Reducing Storage Space with strip1116 Chapter 117 Improving Program Start-up with fastbind1 Improving Program Start-up with fastbind1118 Chapter 119 Example Finding Object Library Ordering Relationships with lorder1 Finding Object Library Ordering Relationships with lorder1120 Chapter 121 Creating and Using Libraries Overview of Shared and Archive Libraries Overview of Shared and Archive LibrariesComparing Archive Shared or dll Made from position-independent object Chapter 123 Complete executable 124 Example What are Archive Libraries?What are Archive Libraries? Linking with an Archive Library Dynamic Loader dld.sl What are Shared Libraries?What are Shared Libraries? 126 Chapter 127 Default Behavior When Searching for Libraries at Run Time Archive Libraries Example Program Comparing SharedExample Program Comparing Shared and Archive Libraries Two Processes Sharing libc Chapter 129 Two Processes with Their Own Copies of libc 130 Overview of Creating an Archive Library Creating Archive LibrariesCreating Archive Libraries Chapter 131 Contents of an Archive File Example of Creating an Archive Library Volume.c Routine to Convert Volume UnitsLength.c Routine to Convert Length Units Mass.c Routine to Convert Mass Units Replacing or Adding an Object Module Replacing, Adding, and Deleting an Object Module134 Deleting an Object Module Summary of Keys to the ar1 CommandUseful ar Keys Archive Crt0.o Using /usr/lib and /usr/lib/pa2064Archive Library Location 136 Chapter 137 Using /usr/local/lib or /usr/contrib/lib Creating Position-Independent Code PIC Creating Shared LibrariesCreating Shared Libraries 138 Creating the Shared Library with ld Example Using +zComparing +z and +Z Compiler Support for +z and +Z Information see the HP C++ Programmers Guide Shared Library Dependencies140 Chapter 141 Order in Which Libraries Are Loaded Load Graph Load D Load QLoad P 142 Chapter 143 Placing Loaded Libraries in the Search List Shared Library Location Updating a Shared LibraryIncompatible Changes to a Shared Library 144 Exporting Only the Required Symbols Using Proﬁle-Based Optimization on Shared LibrariesImproving Shared Library Performance Chapter 145 146 Placing Frequently-Called Routines Together Chapter 147 Making Shared Libraries Non-Writable Using the +ESlit Option to cc148 Version Control with Shared Libraries When to Use Shared Library VersioningVersion Control with Shared Libraries Chapter 149 Maintaining Old Versions of Library Modules How to Use Library-Level VersioningLibrary-Level Versioning 150 Chapter 151 Creating a New, Incompatible Version of the Library File System Links to Shared Libraries +h Option and Internal Names152 Chapter 153 Then set up the corresponding ﬁle system links Intra-Library Versioning Using shlload3X with Library-Level Versioning154 Shared Library Dependencies and Version Control Version Number Compiler DirectiveChapter 155 156 Adding New Versions to a Shared Library Chapter 157 Specifying a Version Date Switching from Archive to Shared Libraries Switching from Archive to Shared LibrariesLibrary Path Names Relying on Undocumented Linker Behavior Chapter 159 Absolute Virtual Addresses Version Control Stack Usage160 Debugger Limitations Using the chroot Command with Shared LibrariesProﬁling Limitations Chapter 161 Summary of HP-UX Libraries Summary of HP-UX Libraries162 Chapter 163 164 Example 1 Unsatisﬁed Symbols Chapter 165 166 Problem Chapter 167 Example 2 Using shlload3X 168 Chapter 169 170 Chapter 171 Example 3 Hidden Deﬁnitions 172 Chapter 173 174 Chapter 175 Summary of Mixing Shared and Archive Libraries Using Shared Libraries in 64-bit mode Using Shared Libraries in 64-bit modeInternal Name Processing 176 Otherwise Dynamic Path Searching for Shared LibrariesChapter 177 Link-Time Symbol Resolution in Shared Libraries Shared Library Symbol Binding Semantics178 Chapter 179 180 Resolution of Unsatisﬁed Shared Library References Chapter 181 Promotion of Uninitialized Global Data Items 182 Symbol Searching in Dependent Libraries Out Search Order of Dependent LibrariesLibA LibD LibDK LibB LibE LibLH LibC LibF Chapter 183 184 Mixed Mode Shared Libraries Chapter 185 Library Example Creating a 64-bit Mode Bit Mode Library ExamplesCompatibility Mode Shared Library 186 Libfile1.1 subject to dynamic path lookup Library example 64-bit Mode Dynamic Path SearchingVar/tmp/libfile3.1 not subject to dynamic path Lookup--internal pathname has a 188 Library Example 64-bit Mode Compatibility Mode Link Chapter 189 Comparing Breadth-ﬁrst and Depth-ﬁrst Search in 64-bit Mode 190 Linking Libraries with +b pathlist Chapter 191 Mv libme.sl /var/tmp ld main.o -L. -lbar -lc 192 Library Example Linking to Libraries with +b pathlist Chapter 193 Using Shared Libraries in 64-bit mode 194 Chapter 195 Shared Library Management Routines Shlload Routine Summary Shared Library Management Routine SummariesShared Library Management Routine Summaries Routine Action Chapter 197 Dlopen Routines Summary Command/File Action Related Files and Commands198 Shared Library Header Files Shared Library Header FilesChapter 199 Using Shared Libraries with cc and ld Options Using Shared Libraries with cc and ld Options200 Styles of Initializers Initializers for Shared LibrariesHP-UX-10.X-Style Initializers Initializers for Shared Libraries 202 Init/Fini Style Initializers Using HP-UX 10.X Style Initializers Bit Mode InitializersDeclaring the Initializer with the +I Option +I initializer Initializer Initializer SyntaxHandle Loading Chapter 205 Example An Initializer for Each Library Source for testlib Initializers for Shared Libraries Source for libfoo.sl206 Output of testlib Example a Common Initializer for Multiple LibrariesChapter 207 208 Source for libunits.sl Source for testlib2 Initializers for Shared Libraries Source for libtwo.slChapter 209 210 Output of testlib2 Source for lib1.sl ﬁle lib1.c Init and Fini Usage ExampleSource for lib2.sl ﬁle lib2.c Chapter 211 Ordering Within an Executable or Shared Library Commands used to build these librariesOutput from running a.out 212 Chapter 213 Ordering Among Executables and Shared Libraries 214 Shlload and cxxshlload Routines Shlload Shared Library Management RoutinesSyntax Shlload Shared Library Management Routines 216 Bit mode only Description Return ValueAddress Path 218 Shlload Usage Loadlib Function to Load a Shared Library Shlload ExampleChapter 219 Bindverbose Modiﬁer Bindnonfatal ModiﬁerBindfirst Modiﬁer 220 Bindnostart Modiﬁer Dynamicpath ModiﬁerBindrestricted Modiﬁer Bindtogether Modiﬁer Bindbreadthfirst Modiﬁer Shlﬁndsym RoutineBinding Flags Examples 222 Chapter 223 Parameters 224 Value Chapter 225 Shlﬁndsym Example 226 Shlget and shlgetr Routines Chapter 227 228 Showloadedlibs Display Library Information ExampleChapter 229 Showlibinfo Display Information for a Shared Library Shlgethandle and shlgethandler Routines230 Chapter 231 Shldeﬁnesym Routine 232 Shlgetsymbols Routine Chapter 233 Memfunc Symbols234 Shlgetsymbols Example Shlsymbol StructureChapter 235 236 Showsymbols Display Shared Library Symbols Chapter 237 Showall Use showsymbols to Show All Symbols 238 Shlunload and cxxshlunload Routines Chapter 239 Usage Dlopen Routine Dlopen Shared LibraryDlopen Shared Library Management Routines Parm Deﬁnition Chapter 241 Return Values 242 Chapter 243 244 Dlerror Routine Chapter 245 Dlsym Routine 246 Parameter Deﬁnition Chapter 247 Examples 248 Dlget Routine Chapter 249 Dlmodinfo Routine 250 Deﬁned by the return value from dlopen. Null is returned Chapter 251 252 Dlgetname Routine Chapter 253 Dlclose Routine 254 Handle Value returned by a previous invocation of dlopen Chapter 255 Unsupported Shared Library Management Routines Dynamic Loader Compatibility WarningsUnsupported Shared Library Management Flags Dynamic Loader Compatibility Warnings Chapter 257 Dynamic Loader Compatibility Warnings 258 Chapter 259 Position-Independent Code What Is Relocatable Object Code? What Is Relocatable Object Code?260 What is Absolute Object Code? What is Absolute Object Code?Chapter 261 What Is Position-Independent Code? What Is Position-Independent Code?262 Generating Position-Independent Code Generating Position-Independent CodeChapter 263 For More Information PIC Requirements for Compilers and Assembly Code264 Long Calls Long Branches and Switch TablesChapter 265 Literal References Assigned Goto Statements266 Global and Static Variable References Procedure LabelsChapter 267 268 Chapter 269 Ways to Improve Performance Invoking Linker Optimizations from the Compile Line Linker OptimizationsLinker Optimizations 270 Incompatibilities with other Options Unused Procedure Elimination with +OprocelimSee Also Chapter 271 Complete Executables Affects on Symbolic DebuggingIncomplete Executables Shared Libraries Options to Improve TLB Hit Rates Options to Improve TLB Hit RatesChapter 273 Proﬁle-Based Optimization Using PBOGeneral Information about PBO Proﬁle-Based Optimization How to Use PBO When to Use PBOChapter 275 Instrumentation Simple ExampleProﬁle Optimize Chapter 277 Instrumenting +I/-I -ILinker Option Startup File icrt0.o278 Code Generation from I-SOMs ProﬁlingChoosing Input Data Chapter 279 280 ﬂow.data File Chapter 281 Storing Proﬁle Information for Multiple Programs Forking an Instrumented Application Sharing the ﬂow.data File Among Multiple Processes282 -P Linker Option Optimizing Based on Proﬁle Data +P/-PChapter 283 Specifying a Different ﬂow.data File with +df Using The ﬂow.data FileSpecifying a Different ﬂow.data with Flowdata Interaction between Flowdata and +df Specifying a Different Program Name +pgm Selecting an Optimization Level with PBOChapter 285 286 Using PBO to Optimize Shared Libraries Chapter 287 Using PBO with ld -r Temporary Files Restrictions and Limitations of PBOSource Code Changes and PBO 288 Chapter 289 290 SOM File Restrictions Chapter 291 Compatibility with 9.0 PBO 292 Improving Shared Library Start-Up Time with fastbind Using fastbindInvoking the fastbind Tool Improving Shared Library Start-Up Time with fastbind Invoking fastbind from the Linker How to Tell if fastbind Information is CurrentRemoving fastbind Information from a File Turning off fastbind at Run Time 295 Using Mapﬁles Controlling Mapﬁles with the -k Option Controlling Mapﬁles with the -k OptionLd -kmapﬁle ﬂags ﬁles 296 Appendix a 297 Mapﬁle Example Using -kmapﬁle Changing Mapﬁles with -k ﬁlename and +nodefaultmapChanging Mapﬁles with -k ﬁlename and +nodefaultmap 298 Appendix a 299 Simple Mapﬁle Simple Mapﬁle300 Default HP-UX Release 11.0 Mapﬁle Default HP-UX Release 11.0 MapﬁleAppendix a 301 302 Deﬁning Syntax for Mapﬁle Directives Deﬁning Syntax for Mapﬁle DirectivesAppendix a 303 Segment Flags Deﬁning Mapﬁle Segment DeclarationsDeﬁning Mapﬁle Segment Declarations 304 Appendix a 305 Flag Action 306 Mapﬁle Segment Declaration Examples Deﬁning Mapﬁle Section Mapping Directives Deﬁning Mapﬁle Section Mapping DirectivesFlag Value Appendix a 307 308 Internal Map Structure Placement of Segments in an ExecutableMapping Input Sections to Segments Internal Map Structure 310 Figure A-1 Appendix a 311 312 Fatal Errors Mapﬁle Option Error MessagesMapﬁle Option Error Messages Appendix a 313 Mapﬁle Option Error Messages 314 Glossary 315 Glossary 316 Glossary Crt0.o ﬁle See startup ﬁle Glossary 317 Implicit address dependency Header string a string318 Glossary Glossary 319 320 Glossary Object code See relocatable object code Glossary 321 Relocatable object code 322 Glossary Standard input/output library Glossary 323 324 Glossary Index 325 Index 326 Index 327 328 Ldlibrarypath Index 329 330 Index 331 Shlibflowdata 332 Index 333