Options to Improve TLB Hit Rates

Ways to Improve Performance

To improve Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) hit rates in an application running on a PA 8000-based system, use the following linker or chatr virtual memory page setting options:

•+pd size — requests a speciﬁed data page size of 4K bytes, 16K, 64K, 256K, 1M, 4M, 16M, 64M, 256M, or L. Use L to specify the largest page size available. The actual page size may vary if the requested size can not be fulﬁlled.

•+pi size — requests a speciﬁed instruction page size. (See +pd size for size values.)

The default data and instruction page size is 4K bytes on PA-RISC systems.

The PA-RISC 2.0 architecture supports multiple page sizes, from 4K bytes to 64M bytes, in multiples of four. This enables large contiguous regions to be mapped into a single TLB entry. For example, if a contiguous 4MB of memory is actively used, 1000 TLB entries are created if the page size is 4K bytes, but only 64 TLB entries are created if the page size is 64K bytes.

Applications and benchmarks have larger and larger working-set sizes. Therefore, the linker and chatr TLB page setting options can help boost performance by improving TLB hit rates.

Some scientiﬁc applications beneﬁt from large data pages. Alternatively, some commercial applications beneﬁt from large instruction page sizes.

Examples:

• To set the virtual memory page size by using the linker:

ld +pd 64K +pi 16K /opt/langtools/lib/crt0.o myprog.o -lc

• To set the page size from HP C and HP Fortran:

cc -Wl,+pd,64K,+pi,16K myprog.c f90 -Wl,+pd,64K,+pi,16K myprog.f

•To set the page size by using chatr:

chatr +pd 64K +pi 16K a.out

Chapter 8

273 HP 9000 specifications

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In summary, the Kenwood HP 9000 is an exceptional kitchen appliance that combines power, versatility, and safety. With its advanced features and user-friendly design, it is an ideal choice for anyone looking to simplify their cooking process while achieving professional-level results. Whether you're whipping up a quick meal or tackling an elaborate recipe, the HP 9000 is a reliable companion that will inspire culinary creativity.

Kenwood HP 9000 manual Options to Improve TLB Hit Rates

Models: HP 9000