What Happens When You Compile and Link a Program

Linking Programs on HP-UX

The crt0.o Startup File

Notice in the example in “Compiler-Linker Interaction” that the first object file on the linker command line is /opt/langtools/lib/crt0.o, even though this file was not specified on the compiler command line. This file, known as a startup file, contains the program's entry point that is, the location at which the program starts running after HP-UX loads it into memory to begin execution. The startup code does such things as retrieving command line arguments into the program at run time, and activating the dynamic loader (dld.sl(5)) to load any required shared libraries. In the C language, it also calls the routine _start in libc which, in turn, calls the main program as a function.

The 64-bit linker uses the startup file,

/opt/langtools/lib/pa_64/crt0.o, when:

•The linker is in compatibility mode (+compat).

•The linker is in default standard mode (+std) with the -nosharedoption.

If the -pprofiling option is specified on the 32-bit mode compile line, the compilers link with mcrt0.o instead of crt0.o. If the -G profiling option is specified, the compilers link with gcrt0.o. In 64-bit mode with the -poption, the linker adds -lprofbefore the -lcoption. With the -Goption, the linker adds -lgprof.

If the linker option -Iis specified to create an executable file with profile-based optimization, in 32-bit mode icrt0.o is used, and in 64-bit mode the linker inserts /usr/ccs/lib/pa20_64/fdp_init.o. If the linker options -Iand -bare specified to create a shared library with profile-based optimization, in 32-bit mode scrt0.o is used, and in 64-bit mode, the linker inserts /usr/ccs/lib/pa20_64/fdp_init_sl.o. In 64-bit mode, the linker uses the single 64-bit crt0.o to support these option.

For details on startup files, see crt0(3).

The Program's Entry Point

In 32-bit mode and in 64-bit statically-bound (-noshared) executables, the entry point is the location at which execution begins in the a.out file. The entry point is defined by the symbol $START$ in crt0.o.

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Kenwood HP 9000 manual Crt0.o Startup File, Programs Entry Point
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HP 9000 specifications

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