Glossary

Bitstream

This is a signal compressed and converted into digital form. It is

converted back to a multi-channel audio signal, e.g., 5.1-channel, by a decoder.

CPRM (Content Protection for Recordable Media)

CPRM is technology used to protect broadcasts that are allowed to be recorded only once. Such broadcasts can be recorded only with CPRM-compatible recorders and discs.

Decoder

A decoder restores the coded audio signals on DVDs to normal. This is called decoding.

Dolby Digital

This is a method of coding digital signals developed by Dolby Laboratories. Apart from stereo (2-channel) audio, these signals can also be multi-channel audio. A large amount of audio information can be recorded on one disc using this method.

Down-mixing

This is the process of remixing the multi-channel audio found on some discs into two channels. It is useful when you want to listen to the 5.1- channel audio recorded on DVDs through your TV’s speakers. Some discs prohibit down-mixing. If this is the case, this unit can only output the front two channels.

DTS (Digital Theater Systems)

This surround system is used in many movie theaters. There is good separation between the channels, so realistic sound effects are possible.

Dynamic range

Dynamic range is the difference between the lowest level of sound that can be heard above the noise of the equipment and the highest level of sound before distortion occurs. Dynamic range compression means reducing the gap between the loudest and softest sounds. This means you can hear dialog clearly at low volume.

Film and Video

DVD-Video are recorded using either ﬁ lm or video. The unit can determine which type has been used, then uses the most suitable method of progressive output.

Film is 24 or 30 frames per second, with motion picture ﬁ lm generally being 24 frames per second.

Video is 60 ﬁ elds per second (2 ﬁ elds making up 1 frame).

Finalize

A process that makes play of a recorded CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, etc. possible on equipment that can play such media. You can ﬁ nalize DVD- R, DVD-R DL, DVD-RW (DVD-Video format), +R, and +R DL on the unit. After ﬁ nalizing, the disc becomes play-only and you can no longer record or edit. However, ﬁ nalized DVD-RW can be formatted to become recordable.

Folder

This is a place on the memory card where groups of data are stored together. In the case of this unit, it refers to the place where still pictures (JPEG) are stored.

Formatting

Formatting is the process of making media such as DVD-RAM recordable on recording equipment.

You can format DVD-RAM, DVD-RW (only as DVD-Video format), +RW and SD Card on this unit.

Formatting irrevocably erases all contents.

Frame and ﬁeld

Frame refers to the single images that constitute the video you see on your TV. Each frame consists of 2 ﬁ elds.


Frame	Field	Field

A frame still shows 2 ﬁ elds, so there may be some blurring between them, but picture quality is generally better.

A ﬁ eld still shows less picture information so it may be rougher, but there is no blurring.

HDMI (High-Deﬁnition Multimedia Interface)

Unlike conventional connections, it transmits uncompressed digital video and audio signals on a single cable. This unit supports high- deﬁ nition video output (720p, 1080i and 1080p) from HDMI AV OUT terminal. To enjoy high-deﬁ nition video a high deﬁ nition compatible television is required.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

This is a system used for compressing/decoding color still pictures. If you select JPEG as the storage system on digital cameras, etc., the data will be compressed to 1/10-1/100 of its original size. The beneﬁ t of JPEG is less deterioration in picture quality considering the degree of compression.

MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)

An audio compression method that compresses audio to approximately one-tenth of its size without any signiﬁ cant loss of audio quality.

Pan & Scan/Letterbox

In general, DVD-Video are produced with the intention that they will be viewed on a widescreen TV (16:9 aspect ratio), so images often don’t

ﬁt regular TVs (4:3 aspect ratio). 2 styles of picture, “Pan & Scan” and “Letterbox”, deal with this problem.

Pan & Scan: The sides are cut off so the picture ﬁ lls the screen.

Letterbox: Black bands appear at the top and bottom of the picture so the picture itself appears in an aspect ratio of 16:9.

Progressive/Interlace

NTSC, the video signal standard, has 480 interlaced (i) scan lines, whereas progressive scanning uses twice the number of scan lines. This is called 480p.

Using progressive output, you can enjoy the high-resolution video recorded on media such as DVD-Video.

Your TV must be compatible to enjoy progressive video.

Protection

You can prevent accidental erasure by setting writing protection or erasure protection.

Sampling frequency

Sampling is the process of converting the heights of sound wave (analog signal) samples taken at set periods into digits (digital encoding). Sampling frequency is the number of samples taken per second, so larger numbers mean more faithful reproduction of the original sound.

Thumbnail

This refers to a miniature representation of a picture used to display multiple pictures in the form of a matrix.

1080i

In one high deﬁ nition image, 1080 alternating scan lines pass every 1/60th of a second to create an interlace image. Because 1080i more than doubles current television broadcasts of 480i, the detail is much clearer and creates a more realistic and rich image.

1080p

In one high deﬁ nition image, 1080 scan lines pass at the same time every 1/60th of a second to create a progressive image. Since progressive video does not alternate scan lines like interlace, there is a minimal amount of screen ﬂ icker.

720p

In one high deﬁ nition image, 720 scan lines pass at the same time every 1/60th of a second to create a progressive image. Since progressive video does not alternate scan lines like interlace, there is a minimal amount of screen ﬂ icker.

RQT9058

Panasonic DMR-EA38V warranty Glossary

Models: DMR-EA38V