Understanding Brightness, Understanding Contrast

Understanding Brightness

If the brightness is correct, the graph peaks in the middle. If the image is too dark, the peak is on the left side, and if it is too bright, the peak is on the right side.

Dark image	Correct image	Bright image

When the image is too dark, the part to the left is cut off (dark portions) and when the image is too bright, the part to the right is cut off (bright portions).

Understanding Contrast

The graph peaks gradually for images in which contrast is balanced. The graph peaks on both sides but sinks in the middle for images with a large difference in contrast and low amounts of mid-level brightness.

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Pentax 14176, 14191, 14161 specifications Understanding Brightness, Understanding Contrast

Contents

Operating Manual Thank you for purchasing this Pentax Digital Camera To users of this camera Using Your Camera Safely About the Camera About the Battery Charger and the AC AdapterPage About the Battery Care to be Taken During Handling Before Using Your CameraAbout the Battery and Charger Precautions on Carrying and Using Your Camera Other Precautions Cleaning Your CameraStoring Your Camera Page Contents Taking Pictures Printing a Single Image 178 Printing All Images 180 Setting the Green Button 123Playing Back and Deleting Images Editing and Printing Images Recording a Voice Memo 186 Playing Back a Voice Memo 187 SettingsConnecting to a Computer Recording and Playing Back Sound Appendix 227 Mode 2or 4or 5or 3or Memo Appendix Composition of the Operating Manual Easy-to-Navigate Capture and Playback Functions Camera Features For decorating your pictures with a frame Perfect for Portrait ShotsAdd Various Frames to Your Pictures Display Images and Sound Files in Calendar Format Advanced Movie Recording Functions Checking the Contents of the Package Front Names of Parts Zoom lever Power switchNames of Operating Parts Back Monitor Indications Display in a Mode 09/09/2011 F3.5 +1.0 1425 Normal Display in Still Picture Capture ModePage Page Display in Q Mode Edit 1425 A12 Normal Display/Histogram + Info Display in Playback Mode Setting the Exposure EV Compensation 1p.110 Using the HistogramGuide Indications Understanding Contrast Understanding Brightness Memo Getting Started Attaching the Strap Charging the Battery Powering the Camera Open the battery/card cover Installing the Battery Removing the Battery Close the battery/card cover At 23C with the display on and the battery fully charged Battery Level Indicator Confirm the DC coupler is locked in place Using the AC AdapterExtract the DC coupler cord Getting GettingStarted Backing Up Data Installing the SD Memory Card SD Memory Card socket Push the card into the SD Memory Card socket to eject itTo Remove the SD Memory Card Cover lock lever Selecting the Number of Recorded Pixels 1p.108 Number of Images Recordable on an SD Memory Card Checking the SD Memory Card Press the power switchPress the power switch again Turning the Camera On and Off Press the power switch while holding down the Q button Starting-up in the Playback Mode Setting the Display Language Initial SettingsFour-way controller 4 button Button Daylight saving time Press the 4 button Language/ screen appears Initial Setting screen appears in the selected languageA Rec. Mode menu appears Press the 3 button Started Press the four-way controllerUse the four-way controller 45 to choose a city To Set Hometown and DST To select 24h 24-hour display or Setting the Date and TimeUse the four-way controller To choose the date format Use the four-way controller 23 to change the month Press the four-way controller 3 to select Settings completeFrame moves to the month GettingStarted Common Operations Mode Understanding the Button Functions Green button Displays the a Rec. Mode menu p.57Four-way controller W button Switches to a mode p.56 Green/i button Press the Q button Switching Between a Mode and Q ModePress the Q button or the shutter release button halfway Operating the Menus Setting the Camera Functions During playback During recording Ex. To set the Focusing Area on the a Rec. Mode menu Use the four-way controller 23 to change the setting Press the shutter release button halfway To Save the Setting and Start Playback of ImagesTo Cancel the Changes and Continue with Menu Operations Press the 4 button or the four-way controller Menu List Rec. Mode Menu Operations Rec. Mode Menu Setting Menu Setting 3/3 Reset Delete All Pixel Mapping Format Taking Pictures Face detection frame Taking Still PicturesTaking Pictures Confirm the subject and shooting information on the display Pictures Press the shutter release button fully Press fully Using the Shutter Release ButtonPoor focusing conditions Press halfway Instant Review and Blink Detection Setting the Shooting ModePress the four-way controller 3 in a mode Use the four-way controller 2345 to choose a shooting mode Bright skin tone Night Scene Panoramic photograph Main frame White frame Using the Face Detection FunctionTo Switch the Face Detection Function Face detection frame When the multiple faces Are detected Face Detection On Smile Capture Portrait×Backlight Sunset Taking Pictures Automatically Auto Picture ModeWhen the camera detects the pet’s full face Shutter release button Four-way controller 4 button Taking Pictures in the Custom Settings Program Mode Set the functions you want to change Taking Pictures in the Basic Mode Green ModePicture is taken Camera switches to 9 mode Press the Green button in a ModeShutter release button Green button Turn the zoom lever in a mode Using the ZoomZoom lever Four-way controller Button Recorded pixels and the maximum zoom ratio To Set the Digital Zoom To select O or P Fireworks Shutter release Use the four-way controller 2345 to select cor d Taking Pictures of People Portrait/Natural Skin Tone Mode Taking Pictures of Children Kids Mode To Register the Pet Taking Pictures of Your Pet Pet ModeStatus screen in ePet mode Press the Ibutton on the capture Pet registration screen Press the I button againCapture status screen Pet registration screen appears Press the Ibutton on the capture status screen in ePet modeTo Switch the Pet You Want to Shoot To Delete the Pet from the Entry Use the four-way controller 2345 to select \or Q Taking Pictures Indoors Party Mode C mode selection screen appears Taking Pictures of Text Text ModeUse the four-way controller 23 to select c, d, c or d 9-frame display of the frame selection screen appears Framing Your Pictures Frame Composite Mode Turn the zoom lever to the right Optional Frames Using the Self-timerPress the four-way controller 2 in a mode Drive Mode screen appears Longer the interval between shots Camera is ready to take a series of pictures Taking Pictures Using the Remote Control Unit Optional TakingPictures Use the four-way controller 2345 to select Using the Digital Wide Function Digital Wide Mode Take the second image Confirmation dialog appears Taking Panoramic Pictures Digital Panorama ModeTo Cancel after Taking the First Shot Use the four-way controller 2345 to select F Screen for taking the first frame is Take the second frame100 Take the third frame To Cancel after Taking the First or Second Frame101 Selecting the Flash Mode Setting the Shooting Functions102 103 Press the four-way controller 4 in a modeSetting is saved and the camera returns to capture status About the red-eye phenomenon Press the four-way controller 5 in a mode Selecting the Focus Mode104 To Set the Focus Manually Manual Focus Use the four-way controller 23 to adjust the focusFocus Mode screen appears \ indicator Setting Press the 3 button in a modeUse the four-way controller 23 to select AF Setting To change the focusing area Use the four-way controller 45 to select O On/P Off Setting the =Assist Light Focus AssistPress the 3 button twice Use the four-way controller 23 to select Focus Assist 108 Selecting the Number of Recorded Pixels 109 Press the 4 button. The setting is saved 110 Setting the Exposure EV Compensation 111 Correcting the Brightness D-Range SettingTo select Highlight Correction or Shadow Correction White Balance screen appears Adjusting the White Balance112 To Set the White Balance Manually White balance is automatically adjusted113 114 Setting the AE MeteringSetting is saved and the a Rec. Mode menu reappears Pull-down menu appears 115 Setting the Sensitivity Use the four-way controller 23 to change the sensitivity Setting the Auto ISO Range116 Camera returns to capture status Blink Detection 1p.69 Setting the Blink Detection Function117 118 Setting the Shake Reduction Function Use the four-way controller 23 to select Instant Review Setting the Instant Review119 Soft Normal Sharp Setting the Image Sharpness SharpnessUse the four-way controller 45 to select O or P Instant Review is displayed Instant Review is not displayed Low Normal High Setting the Color Saturation SaturationSetting the Image Contrast Contrast Use the four-way controller To change the contrast level 122 Setting the Date Imprint Function Setting the Green Button Setting the IQ Enhancer Processing123 124 Use the four-way controller 23 to select Green Button 125 When Fn Setting is SelectedCamera returns to capture mode Following functions can be registered To Use Fn Setting Press the 9 button in a mode126 To select C Movie Camera enters the C mode and returns to capture statusRecording Movies Recording a Movie 128 Keeping the Shutter Release Button Pressed 129 Selecting the Recorded Pixels and Frame Rate for MoviesFrame rate fps indicates the number of frames per second Movie screen appears 130 Setting the Movie SR Movie Shake Reduction Function 131 Saving the Settings Memory Memory screen appears Use the four-way controller 23 to choose an item132 Playing Back and Deleting Images Images To Play Back the Previous or Next Image Playing Back ImagesPlaying Back Still Pictures Press the Q button after taking a picture 135 Playing Back a MovieDeleting Images Back and Deleting Images Multi-Image DisplayQ mode, turn the zoom lever to the left f Four-Image Display/Nine-Image Display Deleting Images Q mode, turn the zoom lever to the left f three timesFolder Display/Calendar Display Folder display Calendar display Using the Playback FunctionsPress the four-way controller 3 in Q mode Use the four-way controller 2345 to choose a playback mode 139 Closes the Playback ModePalette and goes to a mode Press halfway 140 Deleting Images Playback Mode Palette Press any button other than the 4 button SlideshowTo select u Slideshow To select Start 142 Use the four-way controller 23 to select Screen EffectUse the four-way controller 23 to select Sound Effect To Set the Slideshow Conditions 143 Rotating the ImageButton Four-way controller 4 button Image appears on the display Rotated image is saved Rotation144 145 Zoom PlaybackZoom lever Button Four-way controller 4 button Guide 146 Zoom lever Button I button 147 Available operations during the Face close-up playback mode Image or sound file is deleted Deleting Images and Sound FilesDeleting a Single Image Use the four-way controller To select Delete 149 Appears on the images and sound files Deleting Selected Images and Sound FilesQ mode, turn the zoom lever to the left f once or twice Four-image display or nine-image display appears Selected images and sound files are deleted Appears on the selected images Sound files151 152 Press the 3 button in Q modeDeleting All Images and Sound Files To select Delete All All the images and sound files are deleted Protecting Images and Sound Files from Deletion ProtectTo select Z Protect Use the four-way controller 23 to select Single Image/Sound 154 Use the four-way controller To select ProtectSelect All Images/Sounds in Step On p.153 To Protect All Images and Sound Files 155 Turn the AV device on Connecting the Camera to AV Equipment156 157 Turn the camera on 158 About printing Editing and Printing Images Printing Images Editing ImagesChanging the Image Size Resize To select nResize 161 Cropping ImagesTo select oCropping Resized image is saved Choose the image you want to edit Processing Images to Make Faces Look SmallerChoose the cropping area Q mode, use the four-way controller 45 to Approx % Green frame indicates the face that is to be processed163 164 Using the Digital Filters Subsequent steps vary depending on your selection Use the four-way controller To select PDigital Filter165 Editing and Printing Use the four-way controller 23 to choose a filterUse the four-way controller 45 to choose the color To Select a B&W, Sepia or Soft Filter 167 To adjust the effect 168 Compensating for an Unwanted Red-eye Effect 169 Adding a Frame Frame CompositeTo select ZRed-eye Compensation Processed image is saved 170 Use the four-way controller 2345 to select NFrame Composite 171 172 Remove the SD Memory Card from the cameraPrinting Images Optional Frames To Copy Frames 173 Editing MoviesEditing To Use a New Frame Select Divide Movies on the movie edit selection Screen Press the 4 buttonTo choose the frame you Want to save Use the four-way controller 23 to select Divide Copying Images and Sound Files175 176 Use the four-way controller 23 to selectUse the four-way controller 23 to select Press the 4 button To select the image/sound file you Want to copy 177 To select rDPOF Setting the Printing Service DpofPrinting a Single Image Q mode, press the four-way controller Use the four-way controller 45 to select an image Press the Green button to switch Or P for Date settingMessage Applies Dpof settings to this image appears Use the four-way controller 23 to select Single Image 180 Message Applies Dpof settings to all images appearsPrinting All Images Select All Images in on p.179 Press the 4 button Recording and Playing Back Sound 182 Setting the Voice Recording FunctionRecording Sound Voice Recording Back Sound 183 Press the Green button ModeRecording Sound Press the shutter release button 184 Playing Back SoundPlaying Back Sound Playback starts Total file recording time Playback time 185 186 Adding a Voice Memo to ImagesRecording a Voice Memo Memo Playback stops To Delete the Sound from an Image 1p.149 Playing Back a Voice MemoAppears on images with voice memos in single-image display Playback starts 188 Settings Format screen appears Camera SettingsFormatting the Memory Use the four-way controller 23 to select Format 191 Changing the Sound SettingsChange Playback Volume in the same way as in Steps 4 To Change the Operation Volume/Playback Volume 192 Changing the Date and TimeUse the four-way controller 23 to select the sound type To Change the Sound Type 193 Use the four-way controller 23 to choose the date format 194 Change the time in the same way as in Steps 8 to World Time screen appears Setting the World TimeUse the four-way controller 23 to select X Destination To Set the Destination 196 Use the four-way controller 45 to select O On or P OffUse the four-way controller 23 to select Select Time To Display the Time of the Destination Select Time 197 Setting the Text Size on the MenuAre displayed in a mode Use the four-way controller 23 to select X or W 198 Changing the Display LanguageUse the four-way controller 23 to select the text size Select from Standard or Large Menus and messages are displayed in the selected language Changing the Naming System of the Folder199 200 Changing the Video Output Format 201 Setting Eye-Fi CommunicationUse the four-way controller 23 to select Eye-Fi To select O or P Dark Normal Bright Adjusting the Brightness of the Display202 Choose from 2min., 1min., 30sec., 15sec., 5sec. or Off Using the Power Saving Function203 204 Setting the Auto Power Off Function To choose the image for the start Up screen Changing the Start-up Screen205 206 Correcting Defective Pixels in the CCD Sensor Pixel MappingUse the four-way controller 23 to select Pixel Mapping Pixel Mapping screen appears 207 Resetting to Default Settings ResetUse the four-way controller 23 to select Reset Reset screen appears 208 Connecting to a Computer Computer Setting Up Your ComputerProvided Software System Requirements CPU 211 212 Installing the SoftwareIf the installation screen appears, go to Step Installation screen appears Click MediaImpression 2.1 for Installation is complete Reboot your computerSelect the file format to use and click Next Click Finish 214 Click Exit on the installation screenClick Close Product Registration on the Internet Turn your camera on Press the 3 button in Q mode Setting the USB Connection Mode215 PTP Picture Transfer Protocol MSC Mass Storage Class and PTP Picture Transfer Protocol216 Turn your camera on Connecting to Your ComputerConnecting the Camera and Your Computer Connect your camera to the computer using the USB cable 218 When the AutoPlay screen does not appearTransferring Images Double-click the MediaImpression icon on the desktop 219 Click Import media files to local diskSelect an image to import Click Import 220 Drag no Name on the desktop to the trash Disconnecting the Camera from Your ComputerClick the Safely Remove Hardware icon in the task bar Click Eject the device connected Images are displayed Starting MediaImpressionClick PhotoImpression Select and double-click an image you wish to view Explanation is displayed Details on How to Use MediaImpressionClick the desired topic Help screen appears in the web browser 224 Transferring Images Using an Eye-Fi Card 225 226 Appendix 228 Functions Available for Each Shooting Mode C Q 229 230 Messages Data being processed 231 Problem Cause Remedy Troubleshooting232 233 Rec. Mode Menu Items Default SettingsLast Memory Setting Reset Setting 235 236 Setting Menu Items 237 Playback Mode Palette Items 238 Key Operation 239 List of World Time Cities 240 Optional AccessoriesST81 Waterproof strap Remote Control AC adapter kit K-AC117 241 Main Specifications 242 Faces Shooting Modes 243 Digital Filters 244 245 Procedure During 12-month Warranty Period 246 247 For customers in USAFor customers in Canada Pour les utilisateurs au Canada 248 Class B Personal Computers and Peripherals 249 250 Index 251 252 253 254 Memo Memo Memo Pentax Ricoh Imaging